2. BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
Business environment consist of all those factors that
have a bearing on the business. The term 'business
environment implies those external forces, factors and
institutions that are beyond the control of individual
business organizations and their management and affect
the business enterprise
3. FEATURES OF BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
Business environment is the sum total of all factors
external to the business firm and that greatly
influence their functioning.
It covers factors and forces like customers,
competitors, suppliers, government, and the social,
cultural, political, technological and legal conditions.
The business environment is dynamic in nature
The changes in business environment are
unpredictable
Business Environment differs from place to place,
region to region and country to country.
4. IMPORTANCE OF BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
Determining Opportunities and Threats
Giving Direction for Growth
Continuous Learning
Image Building
Meeting Competition
Identifying Firm’s Strength and Weakness
5. WHY STUDY BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
Development of broad strategies to ensure sustainability
To foresee the impact of socio-economic changes at the national and
international levels on firm’s ability
Analysis of competitor’s strategies and formulation of effective counter
measures
To keep oneself dynamic
10. MICRO ENVIRONMENT OF A TYPICAL CAR MANUFACTURER
Components
Supplier
Customers
Car DealersCompetitors
Stakeholders
Car
Manufacturer
Potential
Supplier
Potential
Customers
Customers
Pressure
Groups
For
Supplies
For
Customers
Potential
Dealers
Government
Local
Communities
11. MACRO ENVIRONMENT
Macro environment is also known as General
environment and remote environment. Macro factors are
generally more uncontrollable than micro environment
factors. When the macro factors become uncontrollable ,
the success of company depends upon its adaptability to
the environment.
12. TYPES OF MACRO ENVIRONMENT
Economical
Legal
Social
Technological
Political
13. ECONOMICAL
Economic Conditions: The economic conditions
of a nation refer to a set of economic factors that
have great influence on business organizations and
their operations. These include gross domestic
product, per capita income, markets for goods and
services, availability of capital, foreign exchange
reserve, growth of foreign trade, strength of capital
market etc. All these help in improving the pace of
economic growth.
14. IMPORTANT ECONOMIC POLICIES
Industrial policy: The Industrial policy of the
government covers all those principles, policies,
rules, regulations and procedures, which direct and
control the industrial enterprises of the country and
shape the pattern of industrial development.
Fiscal policy: It includes government policy in
respect of public expenditure, taxation and public
debt.
15. IMPORTANT ECONOMIC POLICIES
Monetary policy: It includes all those activities and
interventions that aim at smooth supply of credit to
the business and a boost to trade and industry.
Foreign investment policy: This policy aims at
regulating the inflow of foreign investment in
various sectors for speeding up industrial
development and take advantage of the modern
technology.
16. IMPORTANT ECONOMIC POLICIES
Export–Import policy (Exim policy): It aims at
increasing exports and bridge the gap between
expert and import. Through this policy, the
government announces various duties/levies. The
focus now-a-days lies on removing barriers and
controls and lowering the custom duties.
17. ECONOMIC SYSTEM:
The world economy is primarily governed by
three types of economic systems, viz.,
(i) Capitalist economy;
(ii) Socialist economy; and
(iii) Mixed economy.
India has adopted the mixed economy system
which implies co-existence of public sector and
private sector.
18. LEGAL EMVIRONMENT
This refers to set of laws, regulations, which
influence the business organizations and their
operations. Every business organization has to
obey, and work within the framework of the law. The
important legislations that concern the business
enterprises include:
19. LEGAL PROVISIONS
(i) Companies Act, 1956
(ii) Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999
(iii) The Factories Act, 1948
(iv) Industrial Disputes Act, 1972
(v) Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972
(vi) Industries (Development and Regulation) Act, 1951
(vii) Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954
(viii) Essential Commodities Act, 2002
(ix) The Standards of Weights and Measures Act, 1956
(x) Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Act, 1969
(xi) Trade Marks Act, 1999
(xii) Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986
(xiii) Consumer Protection Act, 1986
(xiv) Environment Protection Act
(xv) Competition Act, 2002
20. SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT
It concerns with society as a whole; it covers health,
media, education, minorities, women, organized labour ,
legal system and demographics.
The biggest challenge to firms is the society's changing
demands.
21. Cultural Environment
Social Customs & Rituals and practices
Lifestyle patterns
Family structure
Role & position of men, women, children and aged in
family & society
22. Demographic Environment
Growth of population
Age Composition
Life Expectancy
Sex Ratio
Fertility and Mortality rates
Inter-state migration
23. STAGE CHARACTERISTICS BUYING PATTERN
Bachelorhood Young people not living at
home
Fashionable and recreation
goods
Newly married couples Young couples without
children
Fashionable and leisure
articles, furnishings,
utensils
Full nest stage I Begins with the birth of the
first child in the family
Child’s clothes, food and
medical expenses
Full nest stage II Youngest child is at least six
years old
Child’s toys to bicycles and
education of children
Full nest stage III Teen aged or college going
children
Educational expenses
Empty nest I stage Older married couples
without any dependent
children living with them
Travel or home
improvement
Medical expenses
Solitary stage Death of a life partner Special needs for attention,
loving care and security.
24. POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT
Political environment gives shape to business. Political
stability, Government administration, Philosophy of the
political parties are some of political factor which
affects the business environment
25. TECHNOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
Technology is about application of tools, methods and
techniques to improve production and processes.
Technology is life for growth and competitiveness of
Business
26. QUESTIONS
Identify the types of non-economic environment in
the following cases:
(a) Demand for new clothes increases during festive
session.
(b) Computer has outdated typewriter.
(c) Coca-Cola is now being freely sold in the Indian
market.
(d) Sugar factories are being set up where sugarcane
is grown abundantly.
(e) Availability of skilled labour in a particular region.
27. A multinational two wheeler company in wants to
start its operations in India. Identify the relevant
environmental factors they would consider &
describe how they will influence the decision
28. Azim Premji of Wipro has announced that he is
donating Rs. 9,000/- crores for the education of
children. Comment on it, in the context of social
responsibility of business.