a presentation to highlight the historical summary of the growth of tourism, hospitality, hotels etc. in India.

1. Tourism In India
अतिथि देवो भवः …

2. History of Tourism in India
No definite starting point, but, evidences of
tourism dates back to Indus valley civilization
era.
In olden times, the main reasons for travel was
trade, pilgrimage and studies.
The concept of “Char Dham Yatra” चार धाम
यात्रा shows the importance of pilgrimage in
our society.

7. Famous Pilgrimage Centres
Vaishno devi (Jammu), Amarnath Cave,
(Kashmir), Tirupati Balaji (Andhra Pradesh),
Shirdi sai Temple, (Maharashtra), Golden
temple, (Amritsar), Dilwara Jain temple,
(Mount Abu), Bodh Gaya, (Bihar), Ajmer
Sharif, (Rajasthan), Haji Ali Tomb, (Mumbai),
St. Franscis Church, (Goa) and, so many more.

8. India’s Historical Significance
Silk, spices, gold and precious gems were the
main trading commodities and business
was spread over Asia and Europe, to
countries like Greece, Italy, Indonesia,
Malaysia, China & Japan.
Two main modes of transport were animals
and ships or boats.
Major trading cities in the world are, even
now, the port cities.

10. The commercial capital of India, that is Mumbai,
is also an old port city.

11. The Important Phases in Growth
of Tourism in India
Ancient & Medieval Era, from Indus
Valley Civilization era, to AD 1600.
Colonial, (British) Era, from AD 1601,
to AD 1947, (independence).
Modern Era, 1947 onwards.

13. Ancient & Medieval Era
The lodging houses in this era were called
‘Dharmshala’(धर्मशाला).
Dharmshala originated from the village
“Chaupal”(चौपाल), the common meeting place.
With the support of the ruling elite, permanent
structures were created to house the tired
travellers.

15. Other words in literature,….to show
that India cared for tourists and guests
अन्न क्षेत्र (grains area) , भोजनालय (house for
food), पाकशाला (Cooking House) , पन्थागार
(house for traveller), अवस्थागार (outer portion
of the house for visiting guests).
Chinese travellers, Fa Hien, (AD 399-414) and,
Huein Tsang, (AD 629-643), have also mentioned
about the shelters for travellers, under King
Chandragupt Vikramaditya.
Naland university served meals to 10,000 students,
daily.

17. Medieval Era-Muslim Rule
Between 11th & 13th century, many Sarai (सराय)
and Musafirkhana (र्ुसाफिरखाना) were built, for
messengers of the postal system, built by the
sultans of Slave Dynasty, which was later refined
by Allauddin Khiljee.
According to historian Abbas Khan Sherwani, this
postal system, Deewaan-ei- Insaa, दीवान-ए-इंसा
employed 3400 horsemen, at 1700 relay
stations, located in these sarai. Sarai served as
the post office, along with the shelter for
ordinary travellers.

19. The Mughal period
Mughals bettered this system and, developed a
postal system, where message from any part of
the kingdom could reach Delhi within 48 hours.
Sarai also offered a place of worship, apart from
water, room, stable and fodder for animals.
Several localities in Delhi still carry the names of
that bygone era, like Lado Sarai, Katwaria sarai,
& Sarai kale Khan. The building structure is not
there anymore, though.

22. Colonial Era, East India Company,
British Rule
17th century was he beginning of many European
style Taverns (inns), for the European, by the
Europeans.
First of such properties were opened in Bombay,
between 1837 & 1840.
For example, Portuguese Georges, Paddy Goose,
Racquent Court.
Within 10 years of start, these properties
disappeared, but only to be replaced with
better ones.

25. Next Batch of Hotels, Taverns, & Inns
Hope Hall Family, Victoria Hotel, also known as,
British Hotel, by Pallanjee Pestonjee, (1840),
Esplanade Hotel, (1871), Watson’s, (only for
Europeans), Auckland Hotel, (1841), in
Calcutta, which became Great Eastern Hotel,
after India’s independence.

27. Taj Hotel & Tata Group
The founder of Tata Group, Jamshetji Nusserwanji
Tata, was once refused entry into the Watson
Hotel, (Dogs and Indians are not allowed!!!).
In reply, he constructed an architectural marvel,
the Taj Mahal Hotel & Tower, regally overlooking
the Gateway of India in Mumbai. The year was
1903.
In 1923, Shapurji Sorabji built Grand hotel, in
Mumbai.
A few years later, the Majestic Hotel was opened.

30. Indian Style Hotels
‘Sardar Griha,’ (सरदारगृह) in 1900, and
Madhavashram, (माधवाश्रम) in 1908, were
the first Indian style hotels in India.

31. “War Babies” Hotels
Between the two World Wars, (1914-18 &
1939-45), Bombay saw opening of many new
hotels, like, The Ritz, The Ambassador, West
End, & Airlines.
It is quite interesting to note that even war can
help promote travelling and hotel business.
Someone said that “War is the biggest
business!”

32. Modern Era, 1947 Onwards
The Oberoi Group, (Founder, Rai Bahadur Mohan
Singh Oberoi), and, Taj Group, took over several
British owned properties. With this, the first two
Indian Chain of Hotels were born. They expanded
overseas, and are now competing with the best
of International brands today.
Indian Tobacco Company (ITC), was the third
prominent chain to operate a little later, under
Welcome Group brand.

34. Federation of Hotels & Restaurants
Associations of India
1949 saw the formation of four regional Hotels &
Restaurants Associations, headquartered at Delhi,
Calcutta, (Kolkata), Bombay, (Mumbai) & Madras,
(Chennai).
In 1955, these four associations came together, to
form FHRAI, a lobbying body to preserve the
interests of Hotel & Restaurant fraternity, in their
interactions with Government, Politicians,
International associations, suppliers and other
stakeholders.

36. Government in Hotel Business
The Ashok Hotel in Delhi was the first luxury hotel,
to be built by Govt. Of India, in 1956.
To promote and protect tourism, India Tourism
Development Corporation was established, in
1966.
However, for many reasons, many of the ITDC run
hotels have now been privatized and someday,
Government may completely exit from running
hotels business.
Government basically opens a hotel, to develop a
new destination, which may not be commercially
attractive to private sector.

38. International Brands Present in India
• Hyatt Hotels & Resorts,
• InterContinental Hotels
& Resorts,
• Marriott International,
• Hilton Worldwide,
• Best Western
International,
• Shangri-La Hotels &
Resorts,
• Four Seasons Hotels &
Resorts,
• Carlson Hotels
Worldwide,
• Aman Resorts.

39. Current Scenario, Tourism Industry
In India
• India as a tourism destination is the toast of
the world at the moment, thanks to the
‘Incredible India’ campaign, by Government
of India.
• Condé Nast ranked India amongst the top 10
tourist destinations.
• Travel and tourism industry, is the second
highest foreign exchange earner, for India.

40. Press Information Bureau,
Government of India,
Ministry of Tourism.
“Foreign Tourist Arrivals, (F T A )”, and
“Foreign Tourist Arrivals, (F T A)” ,on
e-Tourist visa, during February
2017 .

41. Foreign Tourist Arrivals (F T A):
• The number of F T A in February, 2017 were
9.56 lakhs, as compared to F T A of 8.47 lakh
in February, 2016, and 7.61 lakh in February,
2015.
• The growth rate in F T A in February, 2017
over February, 2016 is 13.0%. Growth was
11.3%, in February, 2016, compared to
February, 2015.

42. Foreign Exchange Earnings
Ministry of Tourism estimates, monthly Foreign
Exchange Earnings (F E E) through tourism in
India, both in rupee and dollar terms, based on
the credit data of Travel Head, from Balance of
Payments of R B I.
Foreign Exchange Earnings , (F E E), through
Tourism, (in Rs. terms)
FEEs during the month of December 2017
were Rs. 19,514 crore as compared to Rs.
16,558 crore in December 2016; and Rs.
14,152 crore in December 2015.

43. Comparison of Earnings
The growth rate in F E E, in rupee terms, in
December 2017 over December 2016, has
increased to 17.9%. Growth was 17.0% in
December, 2016, over December 2015.
F E E during 2017 were, Rs. 1,80,379 crore, with
a growth of 17.0%, over 2016. Whereas, the
FEEs during 2016 were Rs.1,54,146 crore,
with a growth of 14.0% over 2015.

44. FEE in US Dollar Terms
F E E in US $ terms, during the month of December,
2017, were US $ 3.038 billion, as compared to F E E
of US $ 2.439 billion, during the month of
December, 2016, and US $ 2.126 billion, in
December 2015.
The growth rate in F E E, in US $ terms, in December
2017, over December 2016, has increased to 24.6%,
as compared to the growth of 14.7%, in December
2016, over December 2015.
F E E during 2017, were US $ 27.693 billion, with a
growth of 20.8% over 2016. Whereas, the F E E
during 2016, were US $ 22.923 billion, with a
growth of 8.8%, over 2015.

45. Top Countries in F T A, 2017
The percentage share of Foreign Tourist Arrivals (F
T A), in India, during February 2017, among the
top 15 source countries, was highest from
Bangladesh, (17.46%), followed by UK, (12.20%),
USA, (11.83%), Russian Fed. (4.29%), Canada,
(4.26%), France, (3.25%), Germany, (3.11%),
China, (2.96%), Sri Lanka, (2.91%), Australia ,
(2.62%), Malaysia, (2.55%), Japan (2.26%),
Thailand, (1.83%), Afghanistan, (1.73%), and
Nepal, (1.50%).

46. Break-Up of Top Countries for Inbound
Tourists to India
Tourist Arrivals
Bangladesh UK
USA Russia
Canada France
Germany China
Sri Lanka Australia
Malaysia Japan
Thailand Afghan.
Nepal

47. S W O T Analysis of Brand India

48. Strength Of India For Tourism
• Country of rich heritage and traditions, having a vast,
and varied history.
• Places of ancient civilization, and settlements, dating
back to several centuries, are present in India.
• Unity in Diversity, i.e. Multi-cultural people, staying
together , in the same country.
• One of the fastest growing economies of the world.
• India has been maintaining good, and cordial
relationships, with different countries, which helps the
people of those countries, to get the visas easily, to visit
India.

49. Weaknesses
• Insufficient standard hotels, due to scarcity of land in
the country, is leading to the problem of accommodation
for the visiting tourists. There are 1242 hotels approved
by H R A C C, with 76,858 rooms capacity. Average cost
of making a single 5 star hotel room is 1.5 crore.
• Lack of proper infrastructure.
• Poor health, lack of hygiene and proper sanitation
,among majority of destinations, especially in the rural
parts of the country.
• Incidents of local people harassing, and torturing the
visiting tourists, especially, the foreign tourists, in
different parts of the country.

50. Opportunities
India’s open skies, visa-on-arrival policies, are
bringing in planeloads of tourists.
The new highways being built, will bring about an
explosion in Motels business. Motels are hotels
on highways.
An increasing number of rich, retired persons, will
drive leisure tourism, through out the year.
An increasingly prosperous middle class and,
increased number of working women, will add to
demands for hospitality products and services.

51. Threats
• Terrorism,- Incidents like 26/11, 11/7 have an impact on the
psyche of the visiting tourists.
• These incidents dramatically reduces the foreign tourist
arrivals in India.
• The increasing Naxalite activities and, constant Maoist
attacks in the country, is not helping the cause of tourism,
either.
• Diseases in recent years, such as Dengue, Chikungunya, and
Swine Flu, are causing the tourists to stay away from visiting
different parts of this country.
• Increasing competition from other exotic countries, for
example, Indonesia, Thailand, Singapore, Hong Kong etc. is
forcing India, to be left with only 2% share, of the total
International arrivals.

52. Different Types Of Tourism In India
• History Tourism,
• Adventure Tourism,
• Medical Tourism,
• Eco Tourism,
• Cultural Tourism,
• Pilgrimage Tourism,
• Spiritual Tourism,
• Beach Tourism,
• Study Tourism, from Africa &
SAARC countries.

54. Top 10 States Visited By Foreign Tourists
1. Maharashtra
2. Tamil Nadu
3. Delhi
4. Uttar-Pradesh
5. Rajasthan
6. West Bengal
7. Bihar
8. Kerala
9. Karnataka
10. Himachal
Pradesh

55. Top 10 States Visited By Domestic Tourists
• Uttar Pradesh
• Andhra Pradesh
• Tamil Nadu
• Karnataka
• Maharashtra
• Madhya Pradesh
• Rajasthan
• Uttarakhand
• West Bengal
• Gujarat

57. Initiatives Taken By Government To
Promote Tourism Industry
In the year 2002, the Government of India announced
a New
Tourism Policy.
The policy is built around the 7-S Mantra, which is,
• Swaagat, (Welcome),
• Soochanaa,
(Information),
• Suvidhaa, (Facilitation),
• Surakshaa, (Security),
• Sahyog, (Cooperation),
• Sanrachnaa,
(Infrastructure),
• Safaai, (Cleanliness).

58. Scope of Tourism in India
• In CY2017, foreign tourist arrival in India stood at 10.177
million and reached 2.12 million in CY 2018 (up to
February).
• Foreign tourist arrivals into the country is forecast to
increase at a CAGR of 7.1 per cent during 2005–25
• The number of Foreign Tourist Arrivals (FTAs) in February
2018 were 1.05 million as compared to FTAs of 956,000 in
February 2018 and 849,000 lakh in February 2016.
• The growth rate in FTAs in February 2018 over February
2017 was 10.1 per cent.
• The Government of India has set a target of 20 million
foreign tourist arrivals (FTAs) by 2020 and double the
foreign exchange earnings as well.
• The Government of India is working to achieve 1 per cent
share in world's international tourist arrivals by 2020 and 2
per cent share by 2025.