Air Based Hazards ... This topic comes under Hazards and Safety Management..... This is useful for M.Pharm (Pharaceutical Quality Assurance) Students who studying in First year sem II.... This Presentation Contain following... #Definition of Air Pollution #Classification of Air Pollutant #Sources of Air Pollution #Man made sources #Industrial sources #Classification of Pollutants #Effects of air pollution on plants #Air pollution controlling equipments #Case study #Conclusion #References Thanks For Help and Guidance of Mr. D. V. Mahuli Sir

1. P R E PA R E D B Y,
M R . P R I TA M P. K O L G E
M . P H A R M F I R S T Y E A R ( S E M I I )
D E PA RT M E N T O F
P H A R M A C E U T I C A L Q U A L I T Y
A S S U R A N C E
AIR BASED HAZARDS
1
G U I D E D B Y,
M R . D . V. M A H U L I
A S S I S TA N T P R O F E S S O R
D E PA RT M E N T O F
P H A R M A C O L O G Y

2. CONTENT
❖Definition of air pollution
❖Air pollution classification
❖Source of air pollution
❖Classification of pollutants
❖Effect of air pollution on human
❖Effect of air pollution on plant
❖Air pollution control equipment
❖Conclusion
❖Reference
2

3. DEFINATION OF AIR POLLUTION
The presence one or more contaminants or combinations there of
in air in such quantities and of such durations as may be or tend
to be injurious to human, animal or plant life, or property, or
which unreasonably interferes with the comfortable enjoyment of
life or property or conduct of business.
3

4. 4

5. SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION
o Air Pollution may originate from a natural or
anthropogenic(Human) source or from both sources.
o E.g. of natural source – an erupting volcano,
accidental fire etc.
5

6. 6

7. 7

8. INDUSTRIAL SOURCES
o Liquid soap factory
o Sulphuric Acid factory
o Plastic industry
o Acid manufacturing units
o Phosphate fertilized industry
o Inorganic chemical plants
o Metal industry
o Aluminum plants
8

9. CLASSIFICATION OF POLLUTANTS
 Pollutants can be grouped into two categories:
(1) Primary pollutants-Which are emitted directly
from identifiable sources.
(2) Secondary pollutants- Which are produced in the
atmosphere when certain chemical reactions take
place among primary pollutants.
9

10. ❑ PRIMARY POLLUTANTS-
o particulate matter (PM)
o sulfur dioxide
o nitrogen oxides
o volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
o carbon monoxide
o lead
❑ SECONDARY POLLUTANTS-
Some primary air pollutants react with one another or
with other chemicals to form secondary pollutants.
10

11. 11

12. o Around 30-40% of cases of asthma and 20-30% of all
respiratory disease.
o Effect our health in many ways with both short term and
long term effect.
o Short term effect are: irritation to nose, eye, throat,
bronchitis, headache etc.
o Long term affect are: lung disease, chronic respiratory
problem, damage to heart, brain, eyes etc.
12

13. 13

14. AIR POLLUTION CONTROLING EQUIPMENTS
➢Gravitational settling chamber-
o Used to remove particles with size greater than 50 μm.
o Velocity of flue gas reduced in large chamber
o Particles settle under gravitational force.
14

15. ❑Advantages-
o Low initial cost
o Easy to design
o Low pressure drop
o Low maintenance cost
o Dry and continuous disposal of solid partials
❑ Disadvantage-
o Require large space
o Less collection efficiency
o Only larger size particles can be collected.
15

16. ➢Cyclone separator-
o Centrifugal force is utilized to separate the particulate
matter.
o It can remove 10 to 50 μm particle size.
o Used mostly in industries.
16

17. 17

18. ❑Advantages-
o Low initial cost
o Require less floor area
o Simple construction and maintenance
o Can handle large volume of gas at high temp
❑Disadvantages-
o Requires large head room
o Less efficiency for smaller particles (<10μm)
o Sensitive to variable dust load and flow rate.
18

19. ➢Electrostatic precipitators-
o Works on the principle of electrical charging of particulate
Matter (-ve) and collecting it in a +ve charged surface
o 99% efficiency
o Can remove particle size range of 0.1 μm to 1 μm.
19

20. ❑Advantages-
o High collection efficiency
o Particles may be collected dry or wet
o Can be operated at high temp. (300-450˚c).
o Maintenance is normal
o Disadvantages-
o High initial cost.
o Require high voltage
o Collection efficiency reduce with time
o Space requirement is more.
20

21. DELHI CASE STUDY
21
 Air pollution is responsible for many health problems in the urban
areas. Of late, the air pollution status in Delhi has undergone many
changes in terms of the levels of pollutants and the control
measures taken to reduce them.
 The urban air database released by the World Health Organization
in September 2011 reported that Delhi has exceeded the maximum
PM10 limit by almost 10-times at 198 μg/mg.
 Vehicular emissions and industrial activities were found to
be associated with indoor as well as outdoor air pollution in Delhi.
 Studies on air pollution and mortality from Delhi found that all-
natural-cause mortality and morbidity increased with increased air
pollution. Delhi has taken several steps to reduce the level of air
pollution in the city during the last 10 years. However, more still
needs to be done to further reduce the levels of air pollution.

22. 22

23. CONCLUSION
o Air pollution has long been a serious problem in the
world.
o Without air, Earth would be unable to sustain life.
o Air pollution has adverse effect on health.
23

24. REFERENCES
o Environ Health Perspect. 2009 May
o www.airnow.gov.
o WHO Media centre (Updated September 2011)
o WHO Air quality guidelines (AQGs), 2005
o www.decodedscience.com
o www. healthindia.com
24