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iSPIRT	
  	
  
Product	
  Industry	
  
Monitor	
  
Feb	
  2014	
  	
  
Why	
  Product	
  Industry	
  Monitor	
  Reports	
  

Startup	
  
Outcomes	
  
Startup	
  
Density	
  
Feb	
  2014	
  

• The	
  industry	
  needs	
  
to	
  move	
  from	
  
anecdotal	
  data	
  to	
  
scien5fic	
  data	
  
• Credible,	
  regular,	
  
insighFul	
  guidance	
  
on	
  the	
  industry	
  
through	
  ‘Product	
  
Industry	
  Monitor’	
  
reports	
  	
  
2	
  
First	
  Product	
  Industry	
  Monitor	
  Report	
  
First	
  Product	
  Industry	
  Monitor	
  report	
  is	
  focused	
  on	
  the	
  
following:	
  
•  Industry	
  Demographics:	
  locaKon,	
  age,	
  market	
  sector,	
  legal	
  
status,	
  and	
  number	
  of	
  employees	
  and	
  founders.	
  
•  Founder	
  Profile:	
  names,	
  educaKonal	
  background,	
  experience,	
  
and	
  role	
  in	
  startup.	
  
•  Talent	
  Management:	
  pressure	
  points	
  in	
  hiring,	
  perceived	
  
reasons	
  for	
  difficulty	
  in	
  hiring	
  types	
  of	
  talent,	
  and	
  pay	
  scales.	
  
•  Financing:	
  sources	
  of	
  funding,	
  total	
  capital	
  invested,	
  valuaKon	
  
status,	
  and	
  equity	
  share	
  of	
  founders.	
  
	
  
Feb	
  2014	
  

3	
  
Key	
  Finding	
  #1	
  -­‐	
  Bootstrapping	
  
•  Over	
  50%	
  of	
  soYware	
  product	
  companies	
  are	
  completely	
  self-­‐
funded	
  or	
  ‘bootstrapped’	
  
•  Reasons	
  could	
  be:	
  
–  lack	
  of	
  early	
  stage	
  financing	
  in	
  the	
  ecosystem.	
  
–  conscious	
  choice	
  by	
  entrepreneurs	
  to	
  seek	
  external	
  funding	
  at	
  a	
  later	
  
stage,	
  so	
  as	
  to	
  beZer	
  their	
  prospect	
  of	
  higher	
  valuaKon.	
  

•  Whether	
  the	
  phenomenon	
  is	
  a	
  result	
  of	
  external	
  constraints	
  or	
  
strategic	
  choice	
  of	
  firms,	
  it	
  is	
  important	
  to	
  recognize	
  that	
  
bootstrapped	
  firms	
  form	
  a	
  dis5nct	
  and	
  important	
  category	
  
within	
  the	
  Indian	
  so?ware	
  product	
  industry,	
  much	
  like	
  it	
  is	
  in	
  
Silicon	
  Valley	
  too	
  
•  Bootstrapped	
  firms,	
  with	
  a	
  different	
  pathway	
  to	
  growth/IPO	
  need	
  
to	
  be	
  nurtured	
  and	
  evaluated	
  as	
  a	
  disKnct	
  category,	
  rather	
  than	
  
as	
  an	
  aberraKon	
  
Feb	
  2014	
  

4	
  
Key	
  Finding	
  #2	
  –	
  Talent	
  StarvaKon	
  
•  The	
  steady	
  flow	
  of	
  MNC	
  R&D	
  investment	
  into	
  India	
  was	
  
expected	
  to	
  create	
  knowledge	
  spillovers	
  and	
  provide	
  an	
  
impetus	
  to	
  Indian	
  soYware	
  product	
  industry.	
  
•  We	
  indeed	
  find	
  that	
  a	
  lot	
  of	
  senior	
  talent	
  from	
  MNCs	
  are	
  
starKng	
  soYware	
  product	
  companies	
  –	
  close	
  to	
  40%	
  of	
  
founders	
  come	
  from	
  a	
  MNC	
  
•  However,	
  the	
  same	
  cannot	
  be	
  said	
  of	
  junior	
  talent.	
  The	
  typical	
  
early	
  startup	
  in	
  India	
  struggles	
  to	
  hire	
  technical	
  talent	
  for	
  lack	
  
of	
  brand	
  and	
  inability	
  to	
  match	
  MNC	
  pay	
  scales	
  
•  Basically,	
  the	
  propensity	
  to	
  take	
  risks	
  increases	
  with	
  age	
  and	
  
experience.	
  As	
  a	
  result,	
  Indian	
  so?ware	
  product	
  startups	
  are	
  
experiencing	
  ‘talent	
  starva5on’	
  at	
  the	
  entry	
  level	
  
Feb	
  2014	
  

5	
  
Key	
  Finding	
  #3	
  –	
  Birds	
  of	
  the	
  Same	
  Feather	
  
•  Research	
  has	
  shown	
  that	
  funcKonal	
  diversity	
  among	
  the	
  top	
  
management	
  team	
  posiKvely	
  impacts	
  firm	
  performance	
  
(Cannella,	
  Park	
  and	
  Lee,	
  2008)	
  
•  Therefore,	
  the	
  key	
  to	
  building	
  a	
  successful	
  product	
  company	
  is	
  
to	
  have	
  a	
  diverse	
  founding	
  team	
  -­‐	
  a	
  combinaKon	
  of	
  technical	
  
and	
  business	
  skills	
  	
  
•  We	
  find	
  that	
  78%	
  of	
  Indian	
  so?ware	
  product	
  startups	
  defy	
  this	
  
rule.	
  They	
  have	
  homogeneous	
  founding	
  teams	
  i.e.,	
  all	
  
founders	
  are	
  technologists	
  or	
  all	
  of	
  them	
  have	
  training	
  in	
  
business	
  
•  Founding	
  teams	
  are	
  coalescing	
  based	
  on	
  familiarity	
  between	
  
founders	
  rather	
  than	
  diversity	
  of	
  skills	
  
•  This	
  might	
  be	
  a	
  manifestaKon	
  of	
  a	
  low-­‐trust	
  society	
  
Feb	
  2014	
  

6	
  
Industry	
  Demographics	
  
How	
  old	
  and	
  how	
  big	
  are	
  the	
  companies?	
  
•  The	
  average	
  soYware	
  product	
  company	
  is	
  2.5	
  years	
  old,	
  
however	
  some	
  listed	
  their	
  founding	
  date	
  as	
  recently	
  as	
  last	
  
month,	
  some	
  are	
  25	
  years	
  old.	
  	
  
•  Most	
  soYware	
  product	
  companies	
  have	
  only	
  one	
  headquarter	
  
(94%);	
  others	
  have	
  secondary	
  headquarters	
  either	
  in	
  Europe	
  
or	
  in	
  the	
  United	
  States.	
  
•  Most	
  soYware	
  product	
  companies	
  have	
  8	
  employees	
  
(excluding	
  founders);	
  some	
  are	
  as	
  small	
  as	
  one,	
  and	
  some	
  
have	
  over	
  120	
  employees.	
  
Feb	
  2014	
  

8	
  
Where	
  are	
  the	
  companies	
  located?	
  
•  SoYware	
  product	
  companies	
  
in	
  the	
  survey	
  come	
  primarily	
  
from	
  four	
  ciKes:	
  
– 
– 
– 
– 

Bangalore	
  
Pune	
  
Delhi/NCR	
  
Chennai	
  

•  This	
  may	
  be	
  due	
  to	
  #PNCamp	
  
being	
  in	
  Pune;	
  more	
  clarity	
  on	
  
this	
  point	
  as	
  response	
  rate	
  
increases	
  and	
  a	
  wider	
  cross-­‐
secKon	
  is	
  surveyed	
  
Feb	
  2014	
  

Other-Europe
Other-USA
Other-India
Hyderabad
Chennai
Mumbai
Delhi/NCR
Pune
Bangalore
0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

9	
  
What	
  products	
  do	
  these	
  companies	
  
create?	
  
•  The	
  three	
  most	
  common	
  
product	
  sectors	
  that	
  
companies	
  work	
  in	
  are:	
  

Agriculture
Education
Analytics
Big Data

–  Enterprise	
  
–  SaaS	
  
–  Consumer	
  

Media and Advertising
Healthcare
E-Commerce
Security
Infrastructure
Mobile
Consumer
SaaS
Enterprise
0%

Feb	
  2014	
  

5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%

10	
  
The	
  Founding	
  Team	
  
How	
  many	
  employees	
  and	
  founders?	
  
•  The	
  modal	
  soYware	
  
product	
  company	
  has	
  2	
  
founders	
  (40%);	
  followed	
  
by	
  one	
  person	
  and	
  three	
  
person	
  founding	
  teams.	
  

More than 4

4

3

2

1

•  Only	
  22%	
  of	
  the	
  companies	
  
have	
  a	
  diverse	
  founding	
  
team.	
  

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

Founding	
  Team	
  Diversity	
  

Diverse	
  team	
  

Homogeneous	
  Team	
  

Feb	
  2014	
  

0%	
  

20%	
  

40%	
  

60%	
  

80%	
  

100%	
  12	
  
What	
  the	
  experience	
  profile	
  of	
  founders?	
  
•  Experience	
  with	
  startups	
  is	
  
nearly	
  balanced	
  equally	
  across:	
  
founders	
  with	
  no	
  experience,	
  
experience	
  as	
  an	
  employee,	
  
and	
  as	
  a	
  founder.	
  	
  
•  Most,	
  69%,	
  have	
  some	
  prior	
  
startup	
  exposure.	
  
•  Most	
  have	
  worked	
  before	
  
(95%)	
  	
  
•  Most	
  in	
  mulKnaKonals,	
  large	
  
domesKcs,	
  and	
  a	
  significant	
  
number	
  in	
  domesKc	
  and	
  
overseas	
  startups.	
  
Feb	
  2014	
  

No	
  prior	
  experience	
  

yes,	
  as	
  employee	
  

yes,	
  as	
  founder	
  
28%	
   29%	
   30%	
   31%	
   32%	
   33%	
   34%	
   35%	
   36%	
   37%	
  

No prior work
experience
Domestic startup

Overseas startup

Large domestic

Multinational
0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

13	
  
How	
  old	
  are	
  the	
  founders?	
  
•  Not	
  too	
  many	
  dorm	
  room	
  
startups.	
  
•  Founders	
  are	
  older,	
  most	
  in	
  
their	
  30’s	
  and	
  40’s	
  (71%).	
  

more than 50 years

41 to 50 years

31 to 40 years

•  About	
  23%	
  are	
  in	
  their	
  20’s.	
  
21 to 30 years

less than 21 years

0%

Feb	
  2014	
  

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

14	
  
What	
  is	
  the	
  educaKon	
  of	
  founders?	
  
•  Many	
  founders	
  are	
  
engineers	
  with	
  only	
  a	
  BE	
  or	
  
BTech	
  (43%).	
  
•  About	
  44%	
  have	
  earned	
  an	
  
advanced	
  degree,	
  either	
  a	
  
masters	
  or	
  an	
  MBA.	
  	
  
•  A	
  minority	
  have	
  a	
  BA	
  or	
  BSc	
  
(12%)	
  
•  About	
  22%	
  of	
  founding	
  
teams	
  have	
  least	
  one	
  
member	
  with	
  a	
  degree	
  
from	
  IIT,	
  IIM	
  or	
  NIT.	
  	
  
Feb	
  2014	
  

BA or BSc

BE or Btech

MBA

Masters degree

Doctoral degree

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

15	
  
Finding,	
  Hiring,	
  and	
  Retaining	
  Talent	
  
Talent	
  that	
  startups	
  find	
  difficult	
  to	
  hire	
  

Feb	
  2014	
  

Most difficult

Product Mangament
Sales
Product Development/
Engineering
Marketing
Operations
0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4

5

Labor market lacks talent

Strongly Agree

Reasons for Hiring Difficulty
Product Management

•  On	
  average,	
  soYware	
  product	
  
startups	
  have	
  mixed	
  experience	
  in	
  
finding	
  talent.	
  	
  
•  Some	
  soYware	
  product	
  startups	
  find	
  
it	
  easy	
  to	
  hire;	
  others,	
  difficult.	
  
•  On	
  average,	
  the	
  easiest	
  talent	
  to	
  hire	
  
is	
  operaKons;	
  the	
  most	
  difficult,	
  
product	
  management.	
  
•  The	
  key	
  external	
  reason	
  is	
  the	
  
percepKon	
  that	
  the	
  labor	
  market	
  
lacks	
  product	
  management	
  
specialists.	
  	
  
•  Overall,	
  companies	
  aZribute	
  difficulty	
  
primarily	
  two	
  internal	
  factors:	
  the	
  
inability	
  to	
  pay	
  compeKKve	
  wages,	
  
and	
  the	
  lack	
  of	
  a	
  brand	
  reputaKon.	
  

Cannot afford to pay market
wages
Company lacks brand
reputation
Company doesn't have
resources for perks
Founders lack people in their
networks
0

1

2

3

17	
  
What	
  do	
  startups	
  pay	
  for	
  talent?	
  
•  The	
  modal	
  pay	
  for	
  each	
  of	
  the	
  talent	
  
areas	
  seems	
  quite	
  consistent	
  across	
  
soYware	
  product	
  startups:	
  
–  66%	
  of	
  startups	
  pay	
  between	
  25k	
  INR	
  to	
  
75k	
  INR	
  for	
  Engineers.	
  
–  56%	
  pay	
  between	
  50k	
  to	
  1	
  lakh	
  for	
  
Product	
  Managers.	
  
–  56%	
  pay	
  between	
  25k	
  to	
  75k	
  for	
  Sales.	
  
–  66%	
  pay	
  between	
  25k	
  to	
  75k	
  for	
  
OperaKons.	
  
–  56%	
  pay	
  between	
  25k	
  to	
  75k	
  for	
  
MarkeKng	
  talent.	
  

•  The	
  widest	
  variaKon	
  in	
  pay	
  	
  norms	
  is	
  in	
  
Product	
  management,	
  then	
  Sales.	
  	
  
•  Most	
  consistent	
  pay	
  norms	
  are	
  in	
  
OperaKons.	
  
Feb	
  2014	
  

Pay scale distribution for
Engineering talent
more than 1,50,000 inr
1,00,001 to 1,50,000 inr
75,001 to 1,00,000 inr
50,001 to 75,000 inr
25,001 to 50,000 inr
below 25,000 inr
0%

5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%

Pay scale distribution for
Product Management talent

more than 1,50,000 inr
1,00,001 to 1,50,000 inr
75,001 to 1,00,000 inr
50,001 to 75,000 inr
25,001 to 50,000 inr
below 25,000 inr
0%

5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%

18	
  
Financing	
  
Where	
  do	
  startups	
  get	
  their	
  funding?	
  
•  The	
  primary	
  source	
  of	
  funding	
  
for	
  the	
  majority	
  of	
  soYware	
  
product	
  startups	
  is	
  the	
  
founder’s	
  own	
  capital.	
  	
  
•  73%	
  of	
  the	
  capital	
  for	
  a	
  
soYware	
  product	
  startup	
  is	
  
self-­‐funding.	
  
•  The	
  second	
  largest	
  is	
  angel	
  
investment	
  at	
  14.1%.	
  
•  A	
  small	
  proporKon	
  comes	
  
from	
  venture	
  capital	
  (2.5%)	
  
and	
  about	
  3%	
  from	
  debt	
  
financing.	
  
Feb	
  2014	
  

Debt Financing

Private Equity

Venture Capital

Angel Investment

Self-funded

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

20	
  
Invested	
  capital	
  and	
  ownership	
  shares
•  A	
  majority	
  (57%)	
  of	
  soYware	
  
product	
  startups	
  compleKng	
  the	
  
survey	
  have	
  less	
  than	
  1	
  crore	
  
invested	
  in	
  the	
  startup.	
  
•  Approximately	
  23%	
  have	
  between	
  
1	
  and	
  5	
  crores;	
  about	
  17%	
  have	
  
more	
  than	
  5	
  crores.	
  
•  Only	
  27%	
  of	
  the	
  companies	
  have	
  
been	
  valued.	
  
–  50%	
  of	
  these	
  companies	
  have	
  a	
  valuaKon	
  
is	
  between	
  1	
  and	
  10	
  million	
  USD	
  	
  
–  34%	
  of	
  these	
  have	
  a	
  valuaKon	
  less	
  than	
  1	
  
million	
  USD.	
  

•  In	
  50%	
  of	
  startups	
  founders	
  have	
  
equal	
  share	
  of	
  ownership.	
  
Feb	
  2014	
  

more than 12 crore

between 5 and 12 crore

between 1 and 5 crore

less than 1 crore

0%

10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

21	
  
About	
  the	
  Authors	
  
• 

• 

• 

Sharique	
  Hasan	
  is	
  Assistant	
  Professor	
  at	
  Stanford's	
  Graduate	
  School	
  of	
  Business.	
  He	
  specializes	
  in	
  
the	
  study	
  of	
  social	
  networks,	
  human	
  capital,	
  and	
  entrepreneurship.	
  He	
  earned	
  his	
  doctorate	
  in	
  
organizaKon	
  theory	
  and	
  management	
  from	
  Carnegie	
  Mellon	
  University	
  and	
  his	
  bachelors	
  degree	
  in	
  
Computer	
  Science	
  from	
  Rutgers	
  College.	
  His	
  research	
  has	
  been	
  published	
  in	
  leading	
  management,	
  
sociology	
  and	
  computer	
  science	
  journals.	
  	
  
Srivardhini	
  K.	
  Jha	
  is	
  a	
  Research	
  ScienKst	
  with	
  McGill	
  Centre	
  for	
  Convergence	
  of	
  Health	
  and	
  
Economics	
  and	
  Fellow	
  at	
  iSPIRT.	
  Her	
  area	
  of	
  experKse	
  is	
  in	
  strategic	
  management	
  of	
  innovaKon.	
  In	
  
parKcular,	
  she	
  is	
  interested	
  in	
  exploring	
  the	
  structures,	
  processes	
  and	
  organizaKonal	
  arrangements	
  
that	
  facilitate	
  systemaKc	
  innovaKon	
  within	
  firms	
  as	
  well	
  as	
  within	
  systems	
  of	
  innovaKon,	
  with	
  
parKcular	
  emphasis	
  on	
  the	
  emerging	
  country	
  context.	
  She	
  has	
  a	
  Ph.D.	
  from	
  IIM,	
  Bangalore,	
  M.S.	
  
from	
  Stanford	
  University	
  and	
  a	
  Bachelors	
  degree	
  in	
  Engineering	
  from	
  Bangalore	
  University.	
  She	
  
also	
  has	
  over	
  a	
  decade	
  of	
  industry	
  experience	
  in	
  hi-­‐tech	
  companies,	
  both	
  in	
  Silicon	
  Valley	
  and	
  in	
  
India.	
  
Rembrand	
  Koning	
  is	
  a	
  doctoral	
  candidate	
  at	
  Stanford's	
  Graduate	
  School	
  of	
  Business.	
  He	
  specializes	
  
in	
  the	
  study	
  of	
  social	
  networks,	
  innovaKon,	
  and	
  entrepreneurship.	
  He	
  earned	
  is	
  bachelors	
  degree	
  
in	
  StaKsKcs	
  and	
  MathemaKcs	
  from	
  the	
  University	
  of	
  Chicago	
  where	
  he	
  was	
  a	
  University	
  Scholar.	
  	
  	
  

	
  
Fine	
  print:	
  	
  This	
  is	
  based	
  on	
  a	
  carefully	
  designed	
  survey	
  of	
  Indian	
  so9ware	
  product	
  companies.	
  The	
  survey	
  was	
  administered	
  from	
  Dec	
  4th	
  	
  
2013	
  to	
  Jan	
  14th	
  2014	
  in	
  two	
  phases.	
  In	
  Phase	
  2	
  the	
  number	
  of	
  responses	
  increased	
  by	
  nearly	
  50%.	
  The	
  results	
  were	
  strikingly	
  consistent	
  
across	
  Phase	
  1	
  and	
  2.	
  The	
  shi9s	
  are	
  so	
  minor	
  that	
  the	
  basic	
  conclusions	
  from	
  the	
  Phase	
  1	
  of	
  the	
  analysis	
  remained	
  the	
  same	
  giving	
  
confidence	
  in	
  the	
  overall	
  integrity	
  of	
  this	
  analysis.	
  	
  There	
  were	
  nearly	
  100	
  responses	
  on	
  most	
  quesJons.	
  	
  
Feb	
  2014	
  

22	
  
Future	
  PIM	
  Reports	
  and	
  Impact	
  
•  Product	
  Industry	
  Monitor	
  Reports	
  inform	
  	
  
–  BeZer	
  policy	
  making	
  
–  BeZer	
  funding	
  allocaKons	
  
–  BeZer	
  mentoring/accelerator/incubaKon	
  programs	
  

•  Future	
  reports	
  will	
  explore	
  	
  
–  M&A	
  landscape	
  for	
  soYware	
  products	
  
–  Products,	
  Business	
  models,	
  Strategy	
  and	
  InnovaKon	
  in	
  the	
  
soYware	
  product	
  industry	
  
–  Track	
  year-­‐on-­‐year	
  trends	
  on	
  various	
  dimensions	
  of	
  the	
  
soYware	
  product	
  industry	
  
Feb	
  2014	
  

23	
  

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iSPIRT Product Industry Monitor(PIM) Feb 2014 - a first-of-its-kind report analyzing India’s software product industry landscape.

  • 1. iSPIRT     Product  Industry   Monitor   Feb  2014    
  • 2. Why  Product  Industry  Monitor  Reports   Startup   Outcomes   Startup   Density   Feb  2014   • The  industry  needs   to  move  from   anecdotal  data  to   scien5fic  data   • Credible,  regular,   insighFul  guidance   on  the  industry   through  ‘Product   Industry  Monitor’   reports     2  
  • 3. First  Product  Industry  Monitor  Report   First  Product  Industry  Monitor  report  is  focused  on  the   following:   •  Industry  Demographics:  locaKon,  age,  market  sector,  legal   status,  and  number  of  employees  and  founders.   •  Founder  Profile:  names,  educaKonal  background,  experience,   and  role  in  startup.   •  Talent  Management:  pressure  points  in  hiring,  perceived   reasons  for  difficulty  in  hiring  types  of  talent,  and  pay  scales.   •  Financing:  sources  of  funding,  total  capital  invested,  valuaKon   status,  and  equity  share  of  founders.     Feb  2014   3  
  • 4. Key  Finding  #1  -­‐  Bootstrapping   •  Over  50%  of  soYware  product  companies  are  completely  self-­‐ funded  or  ‘bootstrapped’   •  Reasons  could  be:   –  lack  of  early  stage  financing  in  the  ecosystem.   –  conscious  choice  by  entrepreneurs  to  seek  external  funding  at  a  later   stage,  so  as  to  beZer  their  prospect  of  higher  valuaKon.   •  Whether  the  phenomenon  is  a  result  of  external  constraints  or   strategic  choice  of  firms,  it  is  important  to  recognize  that   bootstrapped  firms  form  a  dis5nct  and  important  category   within  the  Indian  so?ware  product  industry,  much  like  it  is  in   Silicon  Valley  too   •  Bootstrapped  firms,  with  a  different  pathway  to  growth/IPO  need   to  be  nurtured  and  evaluated  as  a  disKnct  category,  rather  than   as  an  aberraKon   Feb  2014   4  
  • 5. Key  Finding  #2  –  Talent  StarvaKon   •  The  steady  flow  of  MNC  R&D  investment  into  India  was   expected  to  create  knowledge  spillovers  and  provide  an   impetus  to  Indian  soYware  product  industry.   •  We  indeed  find  that  a  lot  of  senior  talent  from  MNCs  are   starKng  soYware  product  companies  –  close  to  40%  of   founders  come  from  a  MNC   •  However,  the  same  cannot  be  said  of  junior  talent.  The  typical   early  startup  in  India  struggles  to  hire  technical  talent  for  lack   of  brand  and  inability  to  match  MNC  pay  scales   •  Basically,  the  propensity  to  take  risks  increases  with  age  and   experience.  As  a  result,  Indian  so?ware  product  startups  are   experiencing  ‘talent  starva5on’  at  the  entry  level   Feb  2014   5  
  • 6. Key  Finding  #3  –  Birds  of  the  Same  Feather   •  Research  has  shown  that  funcKonal  diversity  among  the  top   management  team  posiKvely  impacts  firm  performance   (Cannella,  Park  and  Lee,  2008)   •  Therefore,  the  key  to  building  a  successful  product  company  is   to  have  a  diverse  founding  team  -­‐  a  combinaKon  of  technical   and  business  skills     •  We  find  that  78%  of  Indian  so?ware  product  startups  defy  this   rule.  They  have  homogeneous  founding  teams  i.e.,  all   founders  are  technologists  or  all  of  them  have  training  in   business   •  Founding  teams  are  coalescing  based  on  familiarity  between   founders  rather  than  diversity  of  skills   •  This  might  be  a  manifestaKon  of  a  low-­‐trust  society   Feb  2014   6  
  • 8. How  old  and  how  big  are  the  companies?   •  The  average  soYware  product  company  is  2.5  years  old,   however  some  listed  their  founding  date  as  recently  as  last   month,  some  are  25  years  old.     •  Most  soYware  product  companies  have  only  one  headquarter   (94%);  others  have  secondary  headquarters  either  in  Europe   or  in  the  United  States.   •  Most  soYware  product  companies  have  8  employees   (excluding  founders);  some  are  as  small  as  one,  and  some   have  over  120  employees.   Feb  2014   8  
  • 9. Where  are  the  companies  located?   •  SoYware  product  companies   in  the  survey  come  primarily   from  four  ciKes:   –  –  –  –  Bangalore   Pune   Delhi/NCR   Chennai   •  This  may  be  due  to  #PNCamp   being  in  Pune;  more  clarity  on   this  point  as  response  rate   increases  and  a  wider  cross-­‐ secKon  is  surveyed   Feb  2014   Other-Europe Other-USA Other-India Hyderabad Chennai Mumbai Delhi/NCR Pune Bangalore 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 9  
  • 10. What  products  do  these  companies   create?   •  The  three  most  common   product  sectors  that   companies  work  in  are:   Agriculture Education Analytics Big Data –  Enterprise   –  SaaS   –  Consumer   Media and Advertising Healthcare E-Commerce Security Infrastructure Mobile Consumer SaaS Enterprise 0% Feb  2014   5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 10  
  • 12. How  many  employees  and  founders?   •  The  modal  soYware   product  company  has  2   founders  (40%);  followed   by  one  person  and  three   person  founding  teams.   More than 4 4 3 2 1 •  Only  22%  of  the  companies   have  a  diverse  founding   team.   0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% Founding  Team  Diversity   Diverse  team   Homogeneous  Team   Feb  2014   0%   20%   40%   60%   80%   100%  12  
  • 13. What  the  experience  profile  of  founders?   •  Experience  with  startups  is   nearly  balanced  equally  across:   founders  with  no  experience,   experience  as  an  employee,   and  as  a  founder.     •  Most,  69%,  have  some  prior   startup  exposure.   •  Most  have  worked  before   (95%)     •  Most  in  mulKnaKonals,  large   domesKcs,  and  a  significant   number  in  domesKc  and   overseas  startups.   Feb  2014   No  prior  experience   yes,  as  employee   yes,  as  founder   28%   29%   30%   31%   32%   33%   34%   35%   36%   37%   No prior work experience Domestic startup Overseas startup Large domestic Multinational 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 13  
  • 14. How  old  are  the  founders?   •  Not  too  many  dorm  room   startups.   •  Founders  are  older,  most  in   their  30’s  and  40’s  (71%).   more than 50 years 41 to 50 years 31 to 40 years •  About  23%  are  in  their  20’s.   21 to 30 years less than 21 years 0% Feb  2014   10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 14  
  • 15. What  is  the  educaKon  of  founders?   •  Many  founders  are   engineers  with  only  a  BE  or   BTech  (43%).   •  About  44%  have  earned  an   advanced  degree,  either  a   masters  or  an  MBA.     •  A  minority  have  a  BA  or  BSc   (12%)   •  About  22%  of  founding   teams  have  least  one   member  with  a  degree   from  IIT,  IIM  or  NIT.     Feb  2014   BA or BSc BE or Btech MBA Masters degree Doctoral degree 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 15  
  • 16. Finding,  Hiring,  and  Retaining  Talent  
  • 17. Talent  that  startups  find  difficult  to  hire   Feb  2014   Most difficult Product Mangament Sales Product Development/ Engineering Marketing Operations 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4 5 Labor market lacks talent Strongly Agree Reasons for Hiring Difficulty Product Management •  On  average,  soYware  product   startups  have  mixed  experience  in   finding  talent.     •  Some  soYware  product  startups  find   it  easy  to  hire;  others,  difficult.   •  On  average,  the  easiest  talent  to  hire   is  operaKons;  the  most  difficult,   product  management.   •  The  key  external  reason  is  the   percepKon  that  the  labor  market   lacks  product  management   specialists.     •  Overall,  companies  aZribute  difficulty   primarily  two  internal  factors:  the   inability  to  pay  compeKKve  wages,   and  the  lack  of  a  brand  reputaKon.   Cannot afford to pay market wages Company lacks brand reputation Company doesn't have resources for perks Founders lack people in their networks 0 1 2 3 17  
  • 18. What  do  startups  pay  for  talent?   •  The  modal  pay  for  each  of  the  talent   areas  seems  quite  consistent  across   soYware  product  startups:   –  66%  of  startups  pay  between  25k  INR  to   75k  INR  for  Engineers.   –  56%  pay  between  50k  to  1  lakh  for   Product  Managers.   –  56%  pay  between  25k  to  75k  for  Sales.   –  66%  pay  between  25k  to  75k  for   OperaKons.   –  56%  pay  between  25k  to  75k  for   MarkeKng  talent.   •  The  widest  variaKon  in  pay    norms  is  in   Product  management,  then  Sales.     •  Most  consistent  pay  norms  are  in   OperaKons.   Feb  2014   Pay scale distribution for Engineering talent more than 1,50,000 inr 1,00,001 to 1,50,000 inr 75,001 to 1,00,000 inr 50,001 to 75,000 inr 25,001 to 50,000 inr below 25,000 inr 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% Pay scale distribution for Product Management talent more than 1,50,000 inr 1,00,001 to 1,50,000 inr 75,001 to 1,00,000 inr 50,001 to 75,000 inr 25,001 to 50,000 inr below 25,000 inr 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 18  
  • 20. Where  do  startups  get  their  funding?   •  The  primary  source  of  funding   for  the  majority  of  soYware   product  startups  is  the   founder’s  own  capital.     •  73%  of  the  capital  for  a   soYware  product  startup  is   self-­‐funding.   •  The  second  largest  is  angel   investment  at  14.1%.   •  A  small  proporKon  comes   from  venture  capital  (2.5%)   and  about  3%  from  debt   financing.   Feb  2014   Debt Financing Private Equity Venture Capital Angel Investment Self-funded 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 20  
  • 21. Invested  capital  and  ownership  shares •  A  majority  (57%)  of  soYware   product  startups  compleKng  the   survey  have  less  than  1  crore   invested  in  the  startup.   •  Approximately  23%  have  between   1  and  5  crores;  about  17%  have   more  than  5  crores.   •  Only  27%  of  the  companies  have   been  valued.   –  50%  of  these  companies  have  a  valuaKon   is  between  1  and  10  million  USD     –  34%  of  these  have  a  valuaKon  less  than  1   million  USD.   •  In  50%  of  startups  founders  have   equal  share  of  ownership.   Feb  2014   more than 12 crore between 5 and 12 crore between 1 and 5 crore less than 1 crore 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 21  
  • 22. About  the  Authors   •  •  •  Sharique  Hasan  is  Assistant  Professor  at  Stanford's  Graduate  School  of  Business.  He  specializes  in   the  study  of  social  networks,  human  capital,  and  entrepreneurship.  He  earned  his  doctorate  in   organizaKon  theory  and  management  from  Carnegie  Mellon  University  and  his  bachelors  degree  in   Computer  Science  from  Rutgers  College.  His  research  has  been  published  in  leading  management,   sociology  and  computer  science  journals.     Srivardhini  K.  Jha  is  a  Research  ScienKst  with  McGill  Centre  for  Convergence  of  Health  and   Economics  and  Fellow  at  iSPIRT.  Her  area  of  experKse  is  in  strategic  management  of  innovaKon.  In   parKcular,  she  is  interested  in  exploring  the  structures,  processes  and  organizaKonal  arrangements   that  facilitate  systemaKc  innovaKon  within  firms  as  well  as  within  systems  of  innovaKon,  with   parKcular  emphasis  on  the  emerging  country  context.  She  has  a  Ph.D.  from  IIM,  Bangalore,  M.S.   from  Stanford  University  and  a  Bachelors  degree  in  Engineering  from  Bangalore  University.  She   also  has  over  a  decade  of  industry  experience  in  hi-­‐tech  companies,  both  in  Silicon  Valley  and  in   India.   Rembrand  Koning  is  a  doctoral  candidate  at  Stanford's  Graduate  School  of  Business.  He  specializes   in  the  study  of  social  networks,  innovaKon,  and  entrepreneurship.  He  earned  is  bachelors  degree   in  StaKsKcs  and  MathemaKcs  from  the  University  of  Chicago  where  he  was  a  University  Scholar.         Fine  print:    This  is  based  on  a  carefully  designed  survey  of  Indian  so9ware  product  companies.  The  survey  was  administered  from  Dec  4th     2013  to  Jan  14th  2014  in  two  phases.  In  Phase  2  the  number  of  responses  increased  by  nearly  50%.  The  results  were  strikingly  consistent   across  Phase  1  and  2.  The  shi9s  are  so  minor  that  the  basic  conclusions  from  the  Phase  1  of  the  analysis  remained  the  same  giving   confidence  in  the  overall  integrity  of  this  analysis.    There  were  nearly  100  responses  on  most  quesJons.     Feb  2014   22  
  • 23. Future  PIM  Reports  and  Impact   •  Product  Industry  Monitor  Reports  inform     –  BeZer  policy  making   –  BeZer  funding  allocaKons   –  BeZer  mentoring/accelerator/incubaKon  programs   •  Future  reports  will  explore     –  M&A  landscape  for  soYware  products   –  Products,  Business  models,  Strategy  and  InnovaKon  in  the   soYware  product  industry   –  Track  year-­‐on-­‐year  trends  on  various  dimensions  of  the   soYware  product  industry   Feb  2014   23