2. Acknowledgement
I wish to acknowledge the following professors who help a lot to
prepare this report .Without your concern and thoughtful
commentary; this effort for our students would not have been
possible:
Mrs. K. Hema Malini, Mr.Sridhar, Mr. K. Surya Kumar
I would like to express my appreciation to the following hospitality
professionals who provided industrial attachments and cooperation
in different times and situations-
Ms. Sk.Maimunissa
Mr. Raj Kiran
Mr. Bhaskar
Mr. Abhishek
Mr. .VenkatRao
3. Introduction to Hospitality
Hospitality is the relationship between the guest and the host, or
the act or practice of being hospitable. Specifically, this includes the
reception and entertainment of guests, visitors, or strangers.
The hospitality includes lodging, restaurants, event
planning, theme parks, transportation, cruise line, and additional
fields within the tourism industry.
Accommodation
Hostels
Hotels
Motels
Resorts
Restaurants and bars
Cafes
Nightclubs
Public houses
Restaurants
Bars
Travel and tourism
Flight attendants
Travel agents
tour operators
4. Novotel Hospitality
Novotel offered its customers superior service delivery and this
involved a hospitality concept. The Human resource management of
Novotel was superior as they ensured that their customers felt
welcome. Novotel greeted their customers with personal warmth and
this lead to an insight to the actual nature of the management task for
servicing which reflects on the internal processes. Novotel’s
hospitality concept is delivered to the customers on a routine basis as
well. Novotel’s layout is also used to their advantage and it plays a
part in the service design.
5. About Accor
Foundation:
Novotel is one of the hotels in the Accorgroup. Accorwas founded in
the year 1967. Accor, the world's leading hotel operatorand market leader
in Europe, is present in 92 countries with more than 3,500 hotels and 450,000
rooms.
With more than 160,000employees in Accor brand hotels worldwide, the
Group offers to its clients and partners nearly 45 years of know-how and
expertise.
Accor Brand Hotels
6. A portfolio of strong brands
Accor provides an extensive offer including complementary
brands—from luxury to economy—that are recognized and
appreciated around the world for their service quality:
1. Sofitel
2. Pullman
3. M Gallery
4. Novotel
5. Suite Novotel
6. Mercure
7. ibis
8. ibis Styles
9. ibis budget
10. Thalassa sea & spa
11.Hotel F1
The Group is harnessing the savoir-faire and expertise it has built
over the past 45 years, with the more than 160,000 people working
for Accor brands throughout the world, to serve its customers and
partners. Accor’s strategy to achieve its stated goal – i.e. become the
worldwide hotel pacesetter – is based on:
Impactful marketing, in particular to boost the economy hotel
business.
Powerful distribution spearheaded by the accorhotels.com portal
(over 8.5 million visits a month).
Unique operational expertise, stemming from the experience that
Accor has built operating hotels in every market segment and on
every one of the five continents.
Value-creating asset management that improves the Group’s
business performance, optimizes its financials and supports its
growth.
7. Development strategy that aims to consolidate the Group’s
leadership in Europe today and step up its presence in emerging
countries – especially in Asia Pacific and Latin America – where
Accor already has a strong presence.
Novotel’s midscale hotels are located in the world’s major city
centers, business districts and tourist destinations.
Novotel’s comprehensive range of high standard services contributes
to the wellbeing of both business and leisure travellers.
As of 2009, there are 395 Novotel hotels in 60 countries with 71 872
rooms and employs over 30,000 employees situated in the business
districts and tourist destinations of major international cities.
Europe : 266 hotels in 23 countries
Asia : 51 hotels in 11 countries
Pacific : 34 hotels in 5 countries
North America : 8 hotels in 2 countries
South America : 19 hotels in 6 countries
Africa : 13 hotels in 10 countries
Middle East : 5 hotels in 3 countries
In India Novotel is in 5 Places
1. Novotel Visakhapatnam Varun Beach
2. Novotel Benguluru Techpark
3. Novotel Hyderabad Convention Centre
4. Novotel Hyderabad Airport
5. Novotel Mumbai Juhu Beach
Company Profile:
It is founded by Mr. Prabhu Kishore ( Managing Director) & Proprietor
of Varun Motors.
Operations are started from December 7, 2011.
It’s a part of Sea valley resort Pvt.Ltd.
Located at Varun Beach Vizag.
Adjacent to Inox Multiplex.
Accoris the Parental Group for this Hotel.
8. About Novotel
Visakhapatnam
Located adjacent to Varun Inox Multiplex and close to the airport,
Novotel Visakhapatnam Varun Beach has a panoramic view of Bay of Bengal.
All 225 rooms overlook the ocean, offering a comfortable environment to
business and leisure travellers with Wi-Fi access, three restaurants, an executive
lounge, bar and spa. With over 3600 sqm of indoor & outdoorspace, the hotel
provides the largest banqueting facility in the region, and is able to cater for
business and social events of up to 4000 people.
Directions
Visakhapatnam Airport is located 12km East of Novotel Visakhapatnam Varun
Beach. From the airport, head east on GNT road, turn left at the scindia and
continue onto Port Main road. At the roundabout, take the third exit, turn left to
Waltair road, then make a right onto Nowroji road and at the T junction turn left
onto the beach. You will find Novotel Visakhapatnam Varun Beach on your
right hand side
VISION:
To establish ourselves as the nation’s BEST International Voice Carrier
through seamless scalability that will enable our customers' success.
MISSION:
Expand telecommunication infrastructures that ensure quality services to
establish a long‐term rewarding relationship with our partners by adding value.
GOALS:
• Implementing right technology with scalability options.
• Maintaining high‐redundancy zero‐failover network.
• Setting up International Standard for Quality Services and create an industry
benchmark.
9. • Creating win‐win partnerships by bridging business models with technology.
• Continuous growth of the organization through real-time care for the
customers, improvement in the services level, exploring new business
opportunities.
• Improved communication within intra and inter departments for harmonious
operation.
• Become one of the best Corporate Citizens.
Internal Environment
Rooms:225 rooms
Superior Room
Executive Room
Executive Floor
Suite
Restaurant& Bar:
1. The Square
2. Zaffran
3. Vue
4. Infinity
5. Sugarr
A Health Gateway:
Steam & Sauna
Relaxation rooms
Outdoorinfinity poolwith sunken bar
OutdoorJacuzzi overlooking the sea
Beauty & salon spawith 4therapy rooms
Kids activity zone:
Kids Play X-Box
RockClimbing
Commando Net
Slackline
10. Recreationfacilities: Banquet halls:
Pool& sea facing gym V-Convention Hall
1,2,3
Infinity pool Pearl 1,2
Jogging track Coral 1,2,3
Eureka & Summit
Services&leisures
Relaxationand fitness
Sauna
Jacuzzi
Fitness centre
Outdoorunheated pool
Massage (paying)
Other sports activities
Bicycle hire facilities (paying)
Entertainment
Video game area
Parking
Private indoor parking
Private enclosed outdoorparking
Meeting:
Board Rooms.
Conventions(3).
Coral(2).
Pearl(3).
Fittings
24 hour security staff
Video camera at bldg entrance
Video surveillance in hallways
Ramp access
Reduced mobility facilities
Wi-Fi at the hotel (paying)
Porter
Shoe shine machine
Dry cleaning / Ironing (paying)
Currency exchange
Smoke alarm in public areas
Novotel is having its branches at different locations like:
- Bangalore
- Hyderabad
- Mumbai
- Visakhapatnam.
11. NOVOTEL REFERENCE
POINTS
Space
Offering customers a comfortable environment, large rooms, spacious lobbies
…
Fluidity
Creative and intuitive use of spaceoffers customers freedom and easy access to
services.
Modernity
Constantly striving to offer customers new and emerging services and facilities
in both the professional and personal arena.
Design
The choice of furniture, materials, fabrics, services offered etc.
EasyLiving
Everything under one roof, easy-to-use products and facilities
.
Warm Atmosphere
Relax and re-energisein a pleasant atmosphere, appealing to the senses, feel the
energy of the city.
12. NOVOTEL CUSTOMERS
EXPECTATIONS
Easiest
Novotel is easiest to get in and get out.
BestService
Novotel provides the most appropriate and relevant service.
BestWell-Being
Novotel helps me take care of myself.
MostConnected
Novotel lets me stay in touch with my world.
Eco-friendly & Citizen
I only stay at eco-friendly hotels when I travel.
13. UNIQUE SELLING
POINTS-NOVOTEL
►Consistent offers throughout the world
o Modern Rooms
o Meeting Offer
o Family Offer
From Novation Room to “Next Room”
►A strong commitment to sustainable development.
o Strategic partnership with Green Globe.
o New HQE buildings (i.e.: Montparnasse)
►Innovation at the core of the brand
o Partnership with Apple (Mac web corner)
14. FAMILY @ NOVOTEL
Accommodation and breakfast are free for two children under16
sharing their parents “or grandparents
“room(or50%discountforasecondroom)
Late checkout:5pm Sunday
Welcome gifts upon arrival
Children’s play area
Videogames
Special kids “menu with balanced dishes from the Gustino
program me
Gardens and swimming pools
Equipment to cater for babies ‘needs
16. DEPARTMENTS
Human Resource Department:
The role of Human resource department is in charge of recruiting,
training, and the dismissal of employees in an organisation.
Recruitment and selection
Training programmes
Training programs are held by the HRD to improve the employees skills, as
well as to motivate them.
There are three main types of training :
1. Induction training.
2. On-the- job training.
3. Off-the-job training.
ManpowerPlanning
The HR department needs to think ahead and establish
the numberand skills of the workforce required by the business in the future.
Failure to do this could lead to too few or too many staff or staff with
inappropriate needs.
Dismissaland Redundancy (retrenchment)
Dismissal is where a worker is told to leave their job due to
unsatisfactory work or behaviour.
Redundancy is when the business needs to reduce the number of employees
either because it is closing down a branch or needs to reduce costs due to falling
profits. It may also be due to technological improvements, and the workers are
no longer needed.
Members:
1. Mr. M.V.S.M Kiran (HR Manager)
2. Mr.Jagadish(Asst HR Manager)
3. Ms.Mohana Teja(HR Team Leader)
4. Mr. Bala Krishna(HR Coordinator)
5. Maimunnisa(Training and development Associate)
17. Finance Department:
The financial department is responsible for providing quality financial
services through out various departments.
Functions:
Book keeping procedures
Keeping records of the purchases and sales made by a business as well as
capital spending.
Preparing Final Accounts
Profit and loss accountand Balance Sheets
Providing managementinformation
Managers require ongoing financial information to enable them to make better
decisions.
Managementof wages
The wages section of the finance department will be responsible for calculating
the wages and salaries of employees and organising the collection of income tax
and national insurance for the Inland Revenue.
Raising Finance
The finance department will also be responsible for the technical details of how
a business raises finance e.g. through loans, and the repayment of interest on
that finance.
Members:
1.Arjith Kumar Dash ( Financial Controller).
2.G.Kalyan Chakravarthy (Asst. Financial Manager).
3.Mr.Mohan (Cashier).
18. Marketing Department:
These are the main section of the market departments:
Sales department is responsible for the sales and distribution of the products to
the different regions.
Research& Department is responsible for market research and testing new
products to make sure that they are suitable to be sold.
Promotion department decides on the type of promotion method for the
products, arranges advertisements and the advertising media used.
Distribution department transports the products to the market.
Members:
1.Amritha gosh (Associate Director of Sales).
2.Raj Kiran (Assistant Sales).
3. Abishak (Sales Executive).
4. Venkat (Sales Executive).
19. Housekeeping
It is also known as accommodation operations. The main aim of
housekeeping department is to keep hotel clean and maintain the property.
Housekeeping department includes:
Lost and found department.
Horticulture department.
Linen and Uniform room.
Laundry department.
Tailor room.
Members:
1.Mridula Anand Thakur(Executive House keeper)
2.Manoj Kumar(Asst.Executive House Keeper).
20. Front office
This is the department which is responsible for the sale of hotel rooms.
Front office department have:
Reception.
Reservation.
Business center.
Concierge.
Information department.
Cashier and foreign currency exchange.
Cloak rooms and bell desk.
Telephone exchange.
Members:
1.Swapna Subba(FrontOffice Manager).
2.Sirsendu Banerjee(Asst.Front Office Manager).
21. Food and Beverage Service:
This is the department which serves food and beverage to the guests.
Food and beverage department includes:
Inside and outdoorcatering.
Pubs and bars.
Restaurants
Cafes
Roomservice
Members:
1.Jaidev Dutta(Director F&B).
2.Rajendra Kumar P(Asst.F&BManager).
22. Food production
In this department chef prepares the world class food. All the types of
cuisines are made here with different styles of cooking.
Food productiondepartment includes
Bakery
Garde manger or cold storage room.
Pre preparation kitchens
Tandoorsection
Kitchen stewarding
Members:
1.Kasa Janardhan(Executive Chef).
2.Sumit Kedia(Chef De Cuisine).
-
23. About Marketing Dept. @ Novotel
Siddartha
Umashankar
(Director of Sales
&marketing)
Amrita Ghosh
(AssociateDirector
of Sales&marketing)
B.Y.Raj Kiran ( Asst
.Manager)
Venkatrao
(senior sales
executive)
Abhishek Mishra
(sales executive)
24. Marketing & sales functions:
o Promotion of Hotel events & Food festivals
sales
o Tie-up with the companies & giving suitable prices
o Diverting customers from competitors to Novotel
o Meeting the Clients
o Rate contracts
• Due to the increasing competition in the hospitality industry,
novotel is bound to establishing the most efficient and effective
marketing strategies. In modern days, business entities in the
hospitality industry are adopting modern marketing strategies;
whereby the Novotel hotel should not be exempted. Following
extensive research and market analysis carried on the
performance of the novotel it has been evident that novotel is
facing stiff competition from Hyatt Regency Birmingham, City
Inn Birmingham, and Jurys Inn Birmingham. This stiff
competition has led to poor performance over the years.
Unfortunately, it’s evident that novotel adopts old management
and strategies for marketing. This aspect has led to its
undesirable competitiveness in the market. From these facts, it’s
not only beneficial but also mandatory for the Novotel to
formulate and implement the best strategies for future
marketing. This paper will discuss the aims and objectives of
Novotel hotel future marketing direction ( 2009).
• Despite the many strengths of novotel, an internal and external
business audit of the present market environment has revealed
significant challenges which inhibit its success in the market. It
has been noted that the pricing strategy of the company is not
pleasing; whereby the prices are a little bit high. On another
perspective, the marketing strategies adopted by the company
are outdated thus leading to inefficiencies. Worse still, it has
been evident that, novotel lacks diversity in its marketing as
well as in availability of clear marketing position. Additionally,
the novotel marketing team is highly undercapitalized thus
leading to many shortcomings(Bowie, 2004).
25. • Some of the key marketing strategies which can be adopted by
the novotel include the Business to consumer marketing and the
business to business marketing. In the case of business to
consumer marketing, the hotel will be focused in building better
relationship with its consumers as well as boosting the image of
the services being offered. On the other hand, business to
business marketing establishes good relationship with other
businesses; thus placing itself in better position to increase sales
• With the current effects of globalization and market liberation,
there is every need for novotel to revise its marketing strategy so
as to encroach new markets and more so the international
market. The strategic marketing direction will as mean new
clients for its services as well as retaining its present clients. The
primary aim of the novotel future strategic marketing is to
increase their clients, widen its investment, as well as expanding
its markets. These aims are highlighted as follows;
• Firstly, the novotel hotel is aimed at increasing its sales and
establish new markets. In this case, by adopting new strategies
in marketing the novotel will be able to expand its operations
even to many other foreign countries. This concept can be
realized through the internet advertisement as well as use of the
media. The future strategic marketing direction adopted by the
novotel is also a strategy for growth. This is so because, by
marketing in the international market, the novotel will to expand
its operations in other countries
• Another aim for the future strategic marketing direction is also
aimed at positioning the company’s image among its clients. In
this case, the company’s image will be boosted in the eyes of the
clients thus establishing a sustainable market
• The future strategic marketing direction is also aimed at
adventuring new ventures as well as an entrepreneurship
strategy. The present stiff competition does not allow the
novotel to focus on one field of market rather look for new
venture. In relation with this phenomenon, the company will be
26. able to look for new services and products thus strengthening its
stability
• The hotel is aimed at positioning itself to counter its opponents.
By adopting efficient marketing strategies the company will be
able to counter the competition its opponents in terms of sales
and profit. This aspect is developed from market research and
competitor analysis; whereby the novotel was able to know the
weakness, strengths and strategies of its opponents. With this
information, the novotel will be able to adopt the most efficient
and most effective strategies. For instances, aspects of pricing,
branding and market positioning will be taken care of
• To maximize the values of its transactions and gain consumer
trust. In this regard, the future marketing direction is aimed at
increasing value and benefit to the company from its operations.
On another perspective, the company is also aimed at building
loyalty and trust among the customers. On the other hand, a
market strategy involving novotel and other business is aimed at
nourishing its relationship with those businesses thus benefiting
form increased sales and widened target market
• From the above highlighted factors, it’s clearly evident that the
main motives or aims of the future marketing direction are
aimed at widening the market of the novotel. By adopting the
new marketing direction, the company will be assured of
improving its relationship with the clients. This will facilitate
loyalty and trust among the two company and its clients. In the
hospitality industry, the competition for market share has been
very stiff; whereby expertise and professionalism is vital in
executing any strategy. From another perspective, the company
will also be able to enjoy a sustainable market in future
27. MY Tasks and Duties @ Novotel
Telemarketing
Sending offers & packages Details to the customers through
e-mail
Packing of Brochures
Verification of reports ( room Bookings)
Collecting news from news papers which effects or useful to
the hotel
1. Telemarketing:
Marketing through phone calls and emails.
We are having the famous personalities and business people Phone numbers.
And we approachthem and collect the email ids of those persons.
Create an excel spread sheet regarding this information.
2. Sending offers & packagesDetails to the customers through e-mail:
After collecting the email ids we use to send the Offers and packages to the
customers through email. So the pictures and so on will be effective and gives
them clear idea about the packages.
3. Packing ofbrochures:
We pack various pamphlets and brochures into a single pack which is
distributed to the customers
4. Verification of Reports:
Just verify the already prepared xls sheets of sales and room bookings to make
necessary changes.
5. Collecting news:
28. We just go through various news papers of Visakhapatnam for example
The hindu,
Times of India
Vizag times
Business Line
Deccan chronicle
Cut the news regarding vizag and which is Beneficial and effect the Novotel.
After cutting we just paste it in A4 sheets and then scan I and mail them to the
AccorGroup.
29. Product:
Hotels stay innovative in the peripheral ser vice
Novotel is having excellent Banqueting Facilities, Resto-Bar,
RoomTotal 225 sea facing rooms. In that
159 superior Rooms ,
23 Premier Rooms,
32 Long Stay Rooms,
9 Executive Suites,
1 Presidential Suite and for Special guests
Flat screen 32” LED TV ,
iPod docking station and satellite channels.
Dedicated 8 mbps wi-fi and broadband internet connectivity
11 Baquet halls:
V-Convention 1,2,3
Coral 1,2,3
Pearl 1,2
eureka & summit,
Board rooms.
30. Price:
The diverse nature and character of dishes, involvement of costand
spending power of customers.
The costfor banqueting is charged in hours basis
Charges per night to stay in Novotel is ₹5,329 - ₹9,467
Some of the packages are given below
31. Place:
Location of the hotel is the most important business decision for the hotel.
As Located adjacent to Varun Inox Multiplex and close to the airport, Novotel
Visakhapatnam Varun Beach has a panoramic view of Bay of Bengal.
All 225 rooms overlook the Bay of Bengal, offering a comfortable environment
to business and leisure travelers with Wi-Fi access, three restaurants, an
executive lounge, bar and spa. With over 3600 sqmof indoor & outdoorspace,
the hotel provides the largest banqueting facility in the region, and is able to
cater for business and social events of up to 4000 people.
32. Promotion:
Advertisement, publicity, sales promotion, personal selling,
word-of-mouth promotion and telemarketing are the components of a hotel’s
marketing strategy.
Target Audience & Media For Communication
TargetAudience TargetMedia
Media Leading mainline/financial dailies
Relavant opinion influencers National
Travellers Regional
Business/corporate Vernacular
Local/Global Electronic/online Media
End consumers Television/news programmes
Online Media Wires
Industry/Associations
Corporates National
International
International Media
The promotion activities are done through news papers, Online, telephones,
emails,Brochures,
Promotion is also done through some events also like some of the following are
events
33.
34. 4p,s of marketing mix
• The term 'marketing mix' was first used in 1953 when Neil Borden, in
his American Marketing Association presidential address, tookthe recipe
idea one step further and coined the term "marketing-mix". A prominent
marketer, E. Jerome McCarthy, proposed a4 P’s classification in 1960,
which has seen wide use.
Marketing Mix is a combination of marketing tools that a company uses
to satisfy their target customers, and achieving organizational goals.
McCarthy classified all these marketing tools under four broad
categories:
Product
Price
Place
Promotion
These four elements are the basic components of a marketing plan and are
collectively called 4 P’s of marketing.
4p,s
All marketing decision-making can be classified into four strategy
elements, sometimes referred to as the marketing mix or the four P’s.
Product: What are the benefits of this productand service to its
customers?
Price:Should this productand service be free or funded by a grant?
Should a price be charged to cover costs only? Should the price allow for
a profit?
Place:What can be done to make this productand service more
accessible and available?
Promotion: What can be done to increase the visibility of this product
and service? What can be done to increase its usage or exposure?
35.
36. Product
Product is the actually offering by the company to its targeted
customers which also includes value added stuff. Productmay be tangible
(goods)or intangible (services).
For many a productis simply the tangible, physical entity that they may
be buying or selling.
While formulating the marketing strategy, product decisions include:
What to offer?
Brand name
Packaging
Quality
Appearance
Functionality
Accessories
Installation
After sale services
Warranty
The CORE productis NOT the tangible, physical product. You can't
touch it. That's because the coreproductis the BENEFIT of the product
that makes it valuable to you. So with the car example, the benefit is
convenience i.e. the ease way at which you can go where you like, when
you want to. Another core benefit is speed since you can travel around
relatively quickly.
The ACTUAL productis the tangible, physical product. You can get
some use out of it. Again with the car example, it is the vehicle that you
test drive, buy and then collect.
The Product Life Cycle (PLC) is based upon the biological life cycle.
For example, a seed is planted (introduction); it begins to sprout(growth);
37. Price
Price includes the pricing strategy of the company for its products.
How much customer should pay for a product?Pricing strategy is not
only related to the profit margins but also helps in finding target
customers. Pricing decision also influence the choice of marketing
channels.
Price decisions include:
Pricing Strategy (Penetration, Skim, etc)
List Price
Payment period
Discounts
Financing
Credit terms
Using price as a weapon for rivals is as old as mankind, but it’s risky too.
Consumers are often sensitive for price, discounts and additional offers.
Another aspectof pricing is that expensive products are considered of
good quality.
Price is one of the most complex marketing decisions.
It plays a number of roles in most marketing strategies: it can be a key
component in productimage (quality); a powerful sales promotion tool; or a
versatile element in competition.
Determining pricing strategyis a delicate task.
It requires that you assess customer demand and analyze costin order
to choosea price that will create customer satisfaction and yield a satisfactory
level of profit.
Pricing is related to the goals and objectives of your organization.
What are the objectives for your library? Are you a profit making
institution or is costrecovery your goal? One thing is clear, nothing is
free anymore, especially information.
38. Place(placement)
It not only includes the place where the productis placed, all those
activities performed by the company to ensure the availability of the
producttot he targeted customers. Availability of the productat the right
place, at the right time and in the right quantity is crucial in placement
decisions.
Placement decisions include:
Placement
Distribution channels
Logistics
Inventory
Order processing
Market coverage
selection of channel members
There are many types of intermediaries such as wholesalers, agents,
retailers, the Internet, overseas distributors, direct marketing (from
manufacturer to user without an intermediary), and many others.
Place decisions relate to distribution, how the library plans to make
products and services available and accessible to customers.
Place adds value by making services available at convenient times and
locations; by creating a pleasant environment in terms of location size, lighting,
staff; by allowing for multiple types of distribution: Electronic, mail or walk-in.
Place and distribution are ways to differentiate your services, making them
more responsive to your customers’ needs.
With the arrival of newer telecommunications and electronic delivery
mechanisms, library channels of distribution must be looked at very
closely.
39. Promotion
Promotion includes all communication and selling activities to pursuade
future prospects to buy the product. Promotion decisions include:
Advertising
Media Types
Message
Budgets
Sales promotion
Personal selling
Public relations/publicity
Direct marketing
Sponsorship
The elements of the promotions mix are integrated to form a coherent
campaign. As with all forms of communication.
As these costs are huge as compared to productprice, So it’s good to
perform a break-even analysis before allocating the budget. It helps in
determining whether the new customers are worth of promotion costor
not.
Planning is the key to any promotional program.
A planned program can be accurately measured to evaluate its
progress, and its success orfailure. Adequate planning also saves you
money in the long run.
