EASY TO LEARN-BASIC PRACTICALS , EXERCISES OF GIS GEOREFRENCING ON TOPO SHEETS MASKING OF TOPOSHEETS MOSAICING OF TWO TOPOSHEETS IMAGE CLASSIFICATIONS STEPS FOR DIGITIZATION STEPS FOR CREATING A SHAPE FILE SPATIAL ADJUSTMENT

1. 1 | P a g e
SUBMITTED BY PRAVEEN MUKATI 141109029 B.PLAN III YEAR
SUBMITTED TO:- Mr. RUN PATEL SIR
MAULANA AZAD NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BHOPAL

2. 2 | P a g e
CONTENTS
GEOREFRENCING ON TOPO SHEETS .................................3
MASKING OF TOPOSHEETS ...............................................11
MOSAICING OF TWO TOPOSHEETS..................................17
IMAGE CLASSIFICATIONS..................................................20
STEPS FOR DIGITIZATION..................................................23
STEPS FOR CREATING A SHAPE FILE..........................................25
SPATIAL ADJUSTMENT.......................................................28

3. 3 | P a g e
GEOREFRENCING ON TOPO SHEETS
STEP 1- OPEN ARC GIS MAP AND ADD DATA SHEET

4. 4 | P a g e
STEP 2- OPEN CATALOUGE BOX AND SELECT A FILE AND CLICK ON NEW AND CREATE DATABASE
TABLE
NEW DATABASE TABLE CREATED IN TABLE OF CONTENT AND TEN OPEN IT

5. 5 | P a g e
STEP 3 -AFTER THAT TABLE WILL FORMED THEN CLICK ON THE TABLE OPTIONS AND SELECT ON
THE ADD FIELD AND ADD NEW FIELD NAMED LATTITUDE(LATT) AND CLICK ON THE TYPE AND
SELECT DOUBLE AND SELECT ON FIELD PROPERTIES AND TYPE PRECISION=13 AND SCALE=6 AND
DO SAME ON ANOTHER FILED ADD ANOTHER FILED NAMED LONGITUTUDE(LONG)
STEP 4 -AND THE NEW TABLE WILL BE CREATED WITH LATT AND LONG AFTER THIS CLICK ON
THE EDITOR AND START EDITING THEN THE OTHER COLOUMNS WILL BE CREATED IN THE TABLE

6. 6 | P a g e
NOW TYPE THE CORDINATES ON THE TABLE WHICH IS GIVEN ON THE TOPOSHEET, DO ZOOM TO
LAYER ON THE TOPOSHEET AND SEE THE CORDINATES OF LATTITUDE AND LONGITUDE,
CORDINATES SHOULD BE START FROM CLOCKWISE
DO THE SAME PROCESS WITH THE OTHER CORDINATEDS AND AT LAST IT WILL GIVE THE TABLE
NOW SAVE EDITS AND STOP EDITING

7. 7 | P a g e
STEP 5-NOW CLICK ON THE NEW DATABASE TABLE AND OPEN IT AND CHECK DISPLAY X-Y DATA
CHECK WHETHER IT IS WRONG OR RIGHT AND CHECK LONGITUDE IS ON X-FIELD AND
LATTITUDE IS ON Y-LATTITUDE AND CORDINATE SYSYTEM (WSG 1984)

8. 8 | P a g e
NOW THE POINT SHAPEFILE WILL BE FORMED NOW CLICK ON IT AND SELECT ZOOM TO LAYER
THE FOUR POINTS WILL BE DISPLAYED ON THE SCREEN

9. 9 | P a g e
STEP 6-NOW CLICK ON THE GEOREFRENCING AND ADD CONTROL POINTS AND DO ZOOM TO
LAYER ON THE TOPOSHEET FOUR POINTS WILL BE SEEN NOW CHOOSE ADD CONTROL POINT
TOOL AND SEELECT ON THE FIRST POINT DO THE SAME PROCESS IN ALL FOUR CORDINATES AND
AFTER THAT CLICK ON THE GEOREFRENCING AND SELECT RECTIFY IT AND CHECK WHETHER IT
IS IN TIFF OR NOT ANS SAVE IT.

10. 10 | P a g e

11. 11 | P a g e
MASKING OF TOPOSHEETS
STEP 1-OPEN ARC GIS AND ADD DATA (TOPOSHEET) FILE IN TIFF FORMAT

12. 12 | P a g e
STEP 2 -NOW GO TO THE CATALOG AND GAVE THE LOCATION TO THE FILE AND CREATE NEW
SHAPEFILE
NOW GIVE THE NAME (MASK) AND SELECT FEATURE TYPE POLYGON AND IMPORT CORDINATE
SYSTEM WSG 1984

13. 13 | P a g e
NEW POLYGON SHAPEFILE WILL BE FOMED IN TABLE OF CONTENT WHICH IS NAMED MASK
STEP 3- NOW CLICK ON THE EDITOR AND START EDITING AFTER THAT CLICK ON THE CREATE
FEATURE AND START EDITING FROM THE FIRST CORNER AND START EDITING

14. 14 | P a g e
DO THE SAME PROCESS IN ALL FOUR CORNER AND THE RESULT WILL BE
NOW CLICK ON THE EDITOR SAVE EDITS AND STOP EDITING
STEP 4- NOW CLICK ON THE ARC TOOL BOX AND SELECT SPATIAL ANALYST TOOL SELCT
EXTRACTION AND FINALLY SELECT EXTRACT BY MASK

15. 15 | P a g e
EXTRACT BY MASK WILL BE OPENED NOW FIILL THE INPUT RASTER DATA, FEATURE MASK
DATA AND OUTPUT RASTER
NOW NEW MASKED FIE WILL BE FORMED AND AT THE RIGHT CORNER THERE IS A SIGN WHICH
SHOW EXTRACT BY MASK IS CORRECT

16. 16 | P a g e
STEP 5 -NOW ZOOM TO LAYER ON TIFF FILE AND THE RESULTS WILL BE FORMED

17. 17 | P a g e
MOSAICING OF TWO TOPOSHEETS
STEP 1- OPEN ARC GIS NOW ADD TWO MASKED DATA FILE (TOPOSHEETS) WHICH IS IN TIFF
FORMAT
NOW GO TO THE ARCTOOL BOX AND SELECT DATA MANAGEMENT TOOL AND CLICK ON RASTER
AND NOW SELECT RASTER DATASHEET AND SELECT MOSAIC TO NEW RASTER

18. 18 | P a g e
NOW FILL ALL THE DATA ON THE MOSAIC TO NEW RASTER
AFTER THAT THE NEW MOSAIC FILE WILL BE FORMED WHICH IS NAMED MOSAIC AND AT THE
RIGHT CORNER YOU HAVE SEEN GREEN SIGH WHICH SHOWS THE MOSAIC TO NEW RASTER
PROCESS IS CORRECT
AND THE FINAL RESULT WILL BE FORMED

19. 19 | P a g e

20. 20 | P a g e
IMAGE CLASSIFICATIONS
STEP 1: OPEN AN IMAGE IN ARCGIS.
SELECT CATALOG OPTION ON THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE SCREEN. SELECT THE FOLDER THAT
COMPRISES THE IMAGE TO BE OPENED. DRAG THE IMAGE IN ARCGIS WINDOW.
STEP 2: SELECTING IMAGE CLASSIFICATION OPTION.

21. 21 | P a g e
STEP 3: CREATING A TRAINING SAMPLE.
LEFT CLICK ON THE DRAW POLYGON OPTION AND DIGITIZE A POLYGON FOR A PARTICULAR
CLASSIFICATION. FOR EXAMPLE: A WATER BODY. (PIXELS OF A PARTICULAR RESOLUTION AND
COLOUR WILL BE SELECTED AND FURTHER CLASSIFIED.) SELECT THE TRAINING SAMPLE
MANAGER OPTION AND UPDATE THE INFORMATION LIKE COLOUR. COLUMN OF VALUE AND
COUNT WILL BE UPDATED AUTOMATICALLY.
STEP 5: CREATING SIMILAR TRAINING SAMPLES.
REPEAT STEP 3 AGAIN AND CREATE MORE TRAINING SAMPLES FOR IMAGE
CLASSIFICATION. (LIKE GREEN AREAS, RESIDENTIAL AREAS ETC.) UPDATE THE
INFORMATION OF ALL THE TRAINING SAMPLES CREATED.
STEP 6: IMAGE CLASSIFICATION
CLICK ON CLASSIFICATION, THEN SELECT INTERACTIVE SUPERVISED CLASSIFICATION.
IT EXECUTES MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD CLASSIFICATION USING SAMPLE SET.
: RIGHT CLICK ON THE TOOLBAR AND SELECT THE IMAGE CLASSIFICATION. A DIALOGUE BOX OF
IMAGE CLASSIFICATION WILL APPEAR ON THE WINDOW. THE DIALOGUE BOX COMPRISES OF
TRAINING SAMPLE MANAGER, DRAW POLYGON OPTION, SELECT TRAINING SAMPLE AND CLEAR
TRAINING SAMPLE OPTION. THE IMAGE THAT HAS TO BE CLASSIFIED WILL BE PRE-SELECTED.

22. 22 | P a g e
UPDATE THE INFORMATION OF ALL THE TRAINING SAMPLES CREATED.
STEP 7: FINAL OUTPUT
THE SYSTEM WILL GENERATE AN OUTPUT THAT WILL CLASSIFY THE IMAGE ACCORDING TO THE
LIKELIHOOD OF SAMPLES. THE FINAL RESULT WILL LOOK LIKE THE FIGURE SHOWN.

23. 23 | P a g e
STEPS FOR DIGITIZATION
STEP 1: OPENING THE SHAPE FILE IN ARCGIS.
STEP 2: EDITING THE SHAPE FILE.
SELECT THE SHAPE FILE WHICH YOU WANT TO EDIT FROM THE TABLE OF CONTENTS. RIGHT
CLICK ON THE SHAPE FILE > EDIT FEATURES > START EDITING.

24. 24 | P a g e
ANOTHER WAY OF EDITING IS BY SELECTING EDITOR OPTION ON THE TOOLBAR > START
EDITING OPTION.
STEP 3: CREATING FEATURES.
AFTER SELECTING THE START EDITING OPTION, CLICK ON CREATE FEATURES OPTION ON THE
TOOLBAR. A DIALOG BOX WILL APPEAR. SELECT THE SHAPE FILE YOU WANT TO EDIT.

25. 25 | P a g e
THEN CLICK ON CONSTRUCTION TOOLS IN THE CREATE FEATURES DIALOG BOX TO SELECT A
TEMPLATE. (RECTANGLE IN THIS CASE). START DIGITIZING ACCORDING TO THE REQUIREMENTS.
STEP 4: SAVING THE EDITS.
AFTER YOU HAVE FINISHED DIGITIZING, SELECT THE EDITOR OPTION ON THE TOOLBAR > SAVE
EDITS.
STEPS FOR CREATING A SHAPE FILE
STEP 1: OPENING THE FOLDER IN ARCGIS.
SELECT CATALOG OPTION ON THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE SCREEN. SELECT THE FOLDER IN WHICH
YOU WANT TO CREATE THE SHAPE FILE. RIGHT CLICK ON THE FOLDER AND THEN SELECT ‘NEW’
OPTION. FURTHER CLICK ON ‘SHAPE FILE’.

26. 26 | P a g e
STEP 2: CREATE NEW SHAPE FILE.
A DIALOG BOX ‘CREATE NEW SHAPE FILE’ WILL APPEAR ON THE SCREEN. NAME THE SHAPE
FILE AND SELECT THE FEATURE TYPE OF THE SHAPE FILE (POINT, POLYLINE, POLYGON,
MULTILINE, AND MULTIPATCH).
STEP 3: ASSIGNING THE CO-ORDINATE SYSTEM.
AFTER NAMING THE SHAPE FILE AND SELECTING THE FEATURE TYPE, ASSIGN THE CO-ORDINATE
SYSTEM TO THE SHAPE FILE. CLICK ON EDIT OPTION IN THE SAME DIALOG BOX. FURTHER A

27. 27 | P a g e
DIALOG BOX NAMED ‘SPATIAL REFERENCE PROPERTIES’ WILL APPEAR. THEN SELECT
GEOGRAPHIC CO-ORDINATE SYSTEM > WORLD > WGS 1984
A SHAPE FILE WILL BE CREATED IN THE SELECTED FOLDER.

28. 28 | P a g e
SPATIAL ADJUSTMENT
STEP 1: OPENING THE SHAPE FILE IN ARCGIS.
AND ALSO A OTHER FILE.
STEP 2: GO THROUGH EDIT FEATURES TO START EDITING.

29. 29 | P a g e
STEP 3: SELECT THE POINT.
STEP 4: GO THROUGH ADJUST DATA.

30. 30 | P a g e
STEP 5: LAST STEP CLICK ON ADJUST.

31. 31 | P a g e
Final Output: -