Brief principle for the working of solar tracking system. Automaton of Public sector for efficient utilisation of energy.

1. PUBLIC GARDEN AUTOMATION WITH
SOLAR TRACKER
PROJECT SYNOPSIS IN FULFILMENT
OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF
Bachelor of Engineering
In
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
By
PUNITH K.R. (4AI11EE029)
Department of Electrical Engineering
Adichunchanagiri Institute of Technology
Chikmagalur-Karnataka

2. PUBLIC GARDEN AUTOMATION WITH SOLAR TRACKER
ABSTRACT
The most important problems faced are the misusage of electricity and its wastage. Sometimes
due to carelessness of the authorities and the workers lamps are left ON which results in
wastage of electricity, negligence in switching the water supply depending upon the moisture
content of soil, Garden opening and closing at specific time etc. Here we are using solar energy
to drive the system by solar tracker. Our project helps to overcome all these problems. Water
wastage is another problem which needs to be dealt with. Our project helps to overcome all
these problems.
INTRODUCTION
As we all know that there is a need to reduce the wastage of electricity as well as water in daily
usage of our life. So one of the common area of our day today life, where we can implement it,
so that to save the energy is the Public Gardens. So our project is all about the efficient
utilisation of renewable energy resourses.
Firstly the Microcontroller around 4.00pm switches on the water supply once to water the
entire garden few hours before opening of the garden for public. Next the gate is opened by
running the motor which is driven by a motor driver operated by the Microcontroller.
Depending upon the output of the LDR and the lights remain functional till the garden remains
open for visitors.
The garden remains open for about three hours and so around 8.50 pm a buzzer is
sounded to indicate closure of the garden and alert the visitors. The gate is then closed at
9.00pm and one of the two lamps is switched off. One lamp is kept on throughout the night. In
the morning the remaining lamp is switched off depending upon the signal sent by the LDR,
light dependent resistor to the Microcontroller. These are the step involved in the operation of
the circuit and the public garden automation.

3. Microcontroller is used to supervise the actions of all other devices and to control the entire set
of operations. We are using solar tracker to drive lamps and motor.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Figure 1: Public GardenAutomationwithSolar Tracker

4. Figure 2:LOAD SIDE
HARDWARE REQUIREMENT
 8051/PIC Micro Controller
 Solar Panel (for prototype Around 5W)
 Relay and Driver Circuit
 LDR
 Stepper / Geared motor ( 12v)
 Battery (6V / 12V)
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT
 Kiel
 Multisim
Power supply: It is the main part of the circuit; the circuit needs the12V DC supply. But in our
home 230 AC supply is available. So it has converted it to 12V DC and 5V DC by Rectifier circuit
by regulator IC 7812 and 7805 respectively.
LOAD
LAMPS
PUMP & MOTOR FOR
GATE OPENING

5. Micro Controllers: It is the Heart of the Circuit. In this circuit we are going to use the 8051/PIC
MCU. Microcontrollers are used in automatically controlled products and devices, such as
automobile engine control systems, implantable medical devices, remote controls, office
machines, appliances, power tools, toys and other embedded systems.
Here we are controlling the rotation of solar panel by stepper or geared motor. Geared DC
motors can be defined as an extension of DC motor which already had its Insight details
demystified . A geared DC Motor has a gear assembly attached to the motor. The speed of
motor is counted in terms of rotations of the shaft per minute and is termed as RPM .The gear
assembly helps in increasing the torque and reducing the speed. Using the correct combination
of gears in a gear motor, its speed can be reduced to any desirable figure. This concept where
gears reduce the speed of the vehicle but increase its torque is known as gear reduction. This
Insight will explore all the minor and major details that make the gear head and hence the
working of geared DC motor.
LDRs (Light Dependent Resistors): They are very useful especially in light/dark sensor circuits.
Normally the resistance of an LDR is very high, sometimes as high as 1000 000 ohms, but when
they are illuminated with light resistance drops dramatically.
A solar panel (Also solar module, photovoltaic module or photovoltaic panel): is a packaged,
connected assembly of photovoltaic cells. The solar panel can be used as a component of a
larger photovoltaic system to generate and supply electricity in commercial and residential
applications.
Driver IC: It is a high voltage and high current Darlington array IC. It contains open collector
Darlington pairs with common emitters. A Darlington pair is an arrangement of two bipolar
transistors. Recommended for high-side switching applications that benefit from separate logic
and load grounds, these devices encompass load supply voltages to 50 V and output currents to
-500 mA. These 8-channel source drivers are useful for interfacing between low-level logic and
high-current loads.

6. Relay: It is an electromagnetic device used to separate two circuits electrically and connect
them magnetically. They are often used to interface an electronic circuit, which works at a low
voltage to an electrical circuit which works at a high voltage. Relays are available in different
configuration of operating voltages like 6V, 9V, 12V, 24V etc.
Inverter: It converts the DC supply whatever we are getting from the battery into AC.
An electric battery is a device consisting of one or more electrochemical cells that convert
stored chemical energy into electrical energy. Each cell contains a positive terminal, or cathode,
and a negative terminal, or anode. Electrolytes allow ions to move between the electrodes and
terminals, which allows current to flow out of the battery to perform work.
The application program for the microcontroller will be written in embedded ‘Embedded C’
/Assembly and will be stored in the flash memory of the microcontroller.
FEATURES
 Depending upon the time schedule watering, garden opening, closing and
alerting system is done.
 Based on light intensity & time garden lamps are going to switch.
 Solar panel is going to track the light intensity based on the LDR.
 Before closing the garden gate system are going to alerts the people by
activating alarm.
 LCD is going to display the present status of the system.

7. FUTURE SCOPE
 This project mainly aims at the automation of the public garden to avoid wastage of
resources.
 This can be expanded in the sense of security. Using metal detectors and CCTV cameras
security of the garden can be enhanced.
 By using GSM technology further control of water supply and lights using mobile can be
achieved.
APPLICATIONS
 This small scale project can be implemented in any public garden with minimum cost
and resources.
 This helps in proper utilization of the available resources and helps in avoiding wastage
of electricity and water.
Go green ,,!