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A Hitchhiker’s Guide to
Cloud Native API Gateways
| #OReillySACon Berlin 2019 | A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Cloud Native API Gateways | @LeanderReimer #cloudnativenerd #qaware2
Mario-Leander Reimer
Principal Software Architect
QAware GmbH
| #OReillySACon Berlin 2019 | A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Cloud Native API Gateways | @LeanderReimer #cloudnativenerd #qaware3
Monolithic
Vintage System
Users
system.example.com
| #OReillySACon Berlin 2019 | A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Cloud Native API Gateways | @LeanderReimer #cloudnativenerd #qaware4
Users
Monolithic
Vintage System
A Shared PasS
A Namespace
Service A
system.example.com
service-a.default.example.com
Route
| #OReillySACon Berlin 2019 | A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Cloud Native API Gateways | @LeanderReimer #cloudnativenerd #qaware5
Users
Monolithic
Vintage System
A Shared PasS
A Namespace
Service A
system.example.com
service-a.default.example.com
Route
Service BRoute
service-b…
| #OReillySACon Berlin 2019 | A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Cloud Native API Gateways | @LeanderReimer #cloudnativenerd #qaware6
Users
Monolithic
Vintage System
A Shared PasS
A Namespace
Service A
system.example.com
service-a.default.example.com
Route
Service BRoute
service-b…
Service CRoute
service-c…
| #OReillySACon Berlin 2019 | A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Cloud Native API Gateways | @LeanderReimer #cloudnativenerd #qaware7
Users
Monolithic
Vintage System
A Shared PasS
A Namespace
Service A’
system.example.com
service-a.default.example.com
Route
Service BRoute
service-b…
Service C'Route
service-c…3rd Party Apps
| #OReillySACon Berlin 2019 | A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Cloud Native API Gateways | @LeanderReimer #cloudnativenerd #qaware8
Users
Monolithic
Vintage System
A Shared PasS
A Namespace
Service A’
system.example.com
service-a.default.example.com
Route
Service BRoute
service-b…
Service C'Route
service-c…3rd Party Apps
B Namespace
Service X
Service Y
Service Z
gRPC
| #OReillySACon Berlin 2019 | A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Cloud Native API Gateways | @LeanderReimer #cloudnativenerd #qaware9
Users
Monolithic
Vintage System
A Shared PasS
A Namespace
Service A’
system.example.com
service-a.default.example.com
Route
Service BRoute
service-b…
Service C'Route
service-c…3rd Party Apps
B Namespace
Service X
Service Y
Service Z’
Unreliable
Legacy
Systems
SOAP
gRPC
| #OReillySACon Berlin 2019 | A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Cloud Native API Gateways | @LeanderReimer #cloudnativenerd #qaware10
Users
Monolithic
Vintage System
A Shared PasS
A Namespace
Service A’
system.example.com
service-a.default.example.com
Route
Service BRoute
service-b…
Service C'Route
service-c…3rd Party Apps
B Namespace
Service X
Service Y
Service Z’
Unreliable
Legacy
Systems
SOAP
gRPC
Route
Internal
Systems
| #OReillySACon Berlin 2019 | A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Cloud Native API Gateways | @LeanderReimer #cloudnativenerd #qaware11
APIs are the center piece of any
successful digital product.
Proper management of your
APIs right from the start is crucial,
to not end up in API hell.
https://thenewstack.io/history-service-mesh/
| #OReillySACon Berlin 2019 | A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Cloud Native API Gateways | @LeanderReimer #cloudnativenerd #qaware12
APIs are the center piece of any
successful digital product.
Proper management of your
APIs right from the start is crucial,
to not end up in API hell.
https://thenewstack.io/history-service-mesh/
| #OReillySACon Berlin 2019 | A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Cloud Native API Gateways | @LeanderReimer #cloudnativenerd #qaware13
Users
Monolithic
Vintage System
A Shared PasS
A Namespace
Service A
Service B
Service C
3rd Party Apps
B Namespace
Service X
Service Y
Service Z
Unreliable
Legacy
Systems
SOAP
API
Gateway
Backendfor
Frontend
Internal
Systems
APIGateway
API
| #OReillySACon Berlin 2019 | A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Cloud Native API Gateways | @LeanderReimer #cloudnativenerd #qaware14
API Gateways
are like the Façade Patternin

Cloud Native Application Design
and Microservice Architectures
| #OReillySACon Berlin 2019 | A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Cloud Native API Gateways | @LeanderReimer #cloudnativenerd #qaware
• Traffic Management: Path, Header, Host based Routing, Path Rewrite
• Rollout and Deployment: A/B Deployment, Canary Release, et.al.
• QoS and Resiliency: Circuit Breaker, Retry, Timeouts, Rate Limiting
• Security: AAA, Terminate TLS, Support for JWT and JWKS, Open ID, …
• Protocol Translation: XML to JSON, gRPC to JSON, …
• Transformation: Fan Out / Collect, Backend for Frontend, GraphQL, …
• Observability: Integration into Logging, Monitoring, Tracing Stacks
15
| #OReillySACon Berlin 2019 | A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Cloud Native API Gateways | @LeanderReimer #cloudnativenerd #qaware16
W E
N
S
Ingress
Egress
API Gateways for
North-South Communication
Service Meshes for
East-West Communication
| #OReillySACon Berlin 2019 | A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Cloud Native API Gateways | @LeanderReimer #cloudnativenerd #qaware
API Gateways in a Nutshell
• Benefits
• Encapsulates internal
structure of application
• Provides client-specific APIs
• BFF reduce the number of
round trips
• Simplifies client code
17
• Drawbacks
• Yet another highly available
component that needs to be
managed and deployed
• Risk of becoming a
development bottleneck if
managed centrally
• Business logic in API gateway
leads to accidental ESB
| #OReillySACon Berlin 2019 | A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Cloud Native API Gateways | @LeanderReimer #cloudnativenerd #qaware
Possible Criteria for a Comparison
• Open Source: no initial $$$ and no vendor lock-in please
• Maturity: good and active community, little issues, frequent releases
• Supported Features: Traffic Management, Deployment, Security,
Translation, Transformation, QoS, Resiliency, Observability
• DevOps Friendly: Easy setup and operability, supported platforms, CI/CD
• Performance: Small overhead, high throughput, super scalable
• Observability: good logging, monitoring, tracing capabilities + integration
18
| #OReillySACon Berlin 2019 | A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Cloud Native API Gateways | @LeanderReimer #cloudnativenerd #qaware19
| #OReillySACon Berlin 2019 | A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Cloud Native API Gateways | @LeanderReimer #cloudnativenerd #qaware20
| #OReillySACon Berlin 2019 | A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Cloud Native API Gateways | @LeanderReimer #cloudnativenerd #qaware
Four Categories of API Gateways
A. Build Your Own API Gateway
B. API Management Solutions
C. Service Proxies
D. Cloud Native API Gateways
21
| #OReillySACon Berlin 2019 | A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Cloud Native API Gateways | @LeanderReimer #cloudnativenerd #qaware
A. Build Your Own API Gateway
22
• Several frameworks available: Netflix Zuul 2, Spring Cloud Gateway, Node,
Vert.x, Ballerina, Camel (K), Express Gateway, Sentinel
• Provides a lot of flexibility.
• But: your team needs to develop, maintain and operate the gateway!
| #OReillySACon Berlin 2019 | A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Cloud Native API Gateways | @LeanderReimer #cloudnativenerd #qaware
B. API Management Solutions
23
• Several full-blown API Management solutions: Kong, Tyk, Mulesoft, 3scale,
Apigee, …
• Makes sense in Enterprise use cases. Generally cost $.
• Provide additional features such as payment, developer portals with API
key management, integrations into enterprise infrastructure.
• Usually, centrally deployed and operated for the whole platform and all its
applications.
| #OReillySACon Berlin 2019 | A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Cloud Native API Gateways | @LeanderReimer #cloudnativenerd #qaware
C. Service Proxies
24
• Many choices: Nginx, OpenResty, Envoy, Traefik, Apache, HA Proxy, …
• Lightweight and simple to use.
• Provided features vary a lot between products.
| #OReillySACon Berlin 2019 | A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Cloud Native API Gateways | @LeanderReimer #cloudnativenerd #qaware
D. Cloud Native API Gateways
25
• Few choices: KrakenD, Ambassador, Gloo
• Usually build upon a service proxy such as Envoy and enhance it.
• Provide tight integration with cloud native platform, like K8s.
| #OReillySACon Berlin 2019 | A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Cloud Native API Gateways | @LeanderReimer #cloudnativenerd #qaware
Demos
26
https://github.com/lreimer/hitchhikers-guide-api-gateways
https://speakerdeck.com/lreimer/a-hitchhikers-guide-to-cloud-native-api-gateways
| #OReillySACon Berlin 2019 | A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Cloud Native API Gateways | @LeanderReimer #cloudnativenerd #qaware
42.
THE ANSWER TO LIFE, UNIVERSE,
THE CLOUD AND API GATEWAYS.
27
Visit us @

Booth 321
| #OReillySACon Berlin 2019 | A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Cloud Native API Gateways | @LeanderReimer #cloudnativenerd #qaware
Please rate today’s session
29
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A Hitchhikers Guide to Cloud Native API Gateways

  • 1. A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Cloud Native API Gateways
  • 2. | #OReillySACon Berlin 2019 | A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Cloud Native API Gateways | @LeanderReimer #cloudnativenerd #qaware2 Mario-Leander Reimer Principal Software Architect QAware GmbH
  • 3. | #OReillySACon Berlin 2019 | A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Cloud Native API Gateways | @LeanderReimer #cloudnativenerd #qaware3 Monolithic Vintage System Users system.example.com
  • 4. | #OReillySACon Berlin 2019 | A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Cloud Native API Gateways | @LeanderReimer #cloudnativenerd #qaware4 Users Monolithic Vintage System A Shared PasS A Namespace Service A system.example.com service-a.default.example.com Route
  • 5. | #OReillySACon Berlin 2019 | A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Cloud Native API Gateways | @LeanderReimer #cloudnativenerd #qaware5 Users Monolithic Vintage System A Shared PasS A Namespace Service A system.example.com service-a.default.example.com Route Service BRoute service-b…
  • 6. | #OReillySACon Berlin 2019 | A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Cloud Native API Gateways | @LeanderReimer #cloudnativenerd #qaware6 Users Monolithic Vintage System A Shared PasS A Namespace Service A system.example.com service-a.default.example.com Route Service BRoute service-b… Service CRoute service-c…
  • 7. | #OReillySACon Berlin 2019 | A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Cloud Native API Gateways | @LeanderReimer #cloudnativenerd #qaware7 Users Monolithic Vintage System A Shared PasS A Namespace Service A’ system.example.com service-a.default.example.com Route Service BRoute service-b… Service C'Route service-c…3rd Party Apps
  • 8. | #OReillySACon Berlin 2019 | A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Cloud Native API Gateways | @LeanderReimer #cloudnativenerd #qaware8 Users Monolithic Vintage System A Shared PasS A Namespace Service A’ system.example.com service-a.default.example.com Route Service BRoute service-b… Service C'Route service-c…3rd Party Apps B Namespace Service X Service Y Service Z gRPC
  • 9. | #OReillySACon Berlin 2019 | A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Cloud Native API Gateways | @LeanderReimer #cloudnativenerd #qaware9 Users Monolithic Vintage System A Shared PasS A Namespace Service A’ system.example.com service-a.default.example.com Route Service BRoute service-b… Service C'Route service-c…3rd Party Apps B Namespace Service X Service Y Service Z’ Unreliable Legacy Systems SOAP gRPC
  • 10. | #OReillySACon Berlin 2019 | A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Cloud Native API Gateways | @LeanderReimer #cloudnativenerd #qaware10 Users Monolithic Vintage System A Shared PasS A Namespace Service A’ system.example.com service-a.default.example.com Route Service BRoute service-b… Service C'Route service-c…3rd Party Apps B Namespace Service X Service Y Service Z’ Unreliable Legacy Systems SOAP gRPC Route Internal Systems
  • 11. | #OReillySACon Berlin 2019 | A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Cloud Native API Gateways | @LeanderReimer #cloudnativenerd #qaware11 APIs are the center piece of any successful digital product. Proper management of your APIs right from the start is crucial, to not end up in API hell. https://thenewstack.io/history-service-mesh/
  • 12. | #OReillySACon Berlin 2019 | A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Cloud Native API Gateways | @LeanderReimer #cloudnativenerd #qaware12 APIs are the center piece of any successful digital product. Proper management of your APIs right from the start is crucial, to not end up in API hell. https://thenewstack.io/history-service-mesh/
  • 13. | #OReillySACon Berlin 2019 | A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Cloud Native API Gateways | @LeanderReimer #cloudnativenerd #qaware13 Users Monolithic Vintage System A Shared PasS A Namespace Service A Service B Service C 3rd Party Apps B Namespace Service X Service Y Service Z Unreliable Legacy Systems SOAP API Gateway Backendfor Frontend Internal Systems APIGateway API
  • 14. | #OReillySACon Berlin 2019 | A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Cloud Native API Gateways | @LeanderReimer #cloudnativenerd #qaware14 API Gateways are like the Façade Patternin
 Cloud Native Application Design and Microservice Architectures
  • 15. | #OReillySACon Berlin 2019 | A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Cloud Native API Gateways | @LeanderReimer #cloudnativenerd #qaware • Traffic Management: Path, Header, Host based Routing, Path Rewrite • Rollout and Deployment: A/B Deployment, Canary Release, et.al. • QoS and Resiliency: Circuit Breaker, Retry, Timeouts, Rate Limiting • Security: AAA, Terminate TLS, Support for JWT and JWKS, Open ID, … • Protocol Translation: XML to JSON, gRPC to JSON, … • Transformation: Fan Out / Collect, Backend for Frontend, GraphQL, … • Observability: Integration into Logging, Monitoring, Tracing Stacks 15
  • 16. | #OReillySACon Berlin 2019 | A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Cloud Native API Gateways | @LeanderReimer #cloudnativenerd #qaware16 W E N S Ingress Egress API Gateways for North-South Communication Service Meshes for East-West Communication
  • 17. | #OReillySACon Berlin 2019 | A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Cloud Native API Gateways | @LeanderReimer #cloudnativenerd #qaware API Gateways in a Nutshell • Benefits • Encapsulates internal structure of application • Provides client-specific APIs • BFF reduce the number of round trips • Simplifies client code 17 • Drawbacks • Yet another highly available component that needs to be managed and deployed • Risk of becoming a development bottleneck if managed centrally • Business logic in API gateway leads to accidental ESB
  • 18. | #OReillySACon Berlin 2019 | A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Cloud Native API Gateways | @LeanderReimer #cloudnativenerd #qaware Possible Criteria for a Comparison • Open Source: no initial $$$ and no vendor lock-in please • Maturity: good and active community, little issues, frequent releases • Supported Features: Traffic Management, Deployment, Security, Translation, Transformation, QoS, Resiliency, Observability • DevOps Friendly: Easy setup and operability, supported platforms, CI/CD • Performance: Small overhead, high throughput, super scalable • Observability: good logging, monitoring, tracing capabilities + integration 18
  • 19. | #OReillySACon Berlin 2019 | A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Cloud Native API Gateways | @LeanderReimer #cloudnativenerd #qaware19
  • 20. | #OReillySACon Berlin 2019 | A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Cloud Native API Gateways | @LeanderReimer #cloudnativenerd #qaware20
  • 21. | #OReillySACon Berlin 2019 | A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Cloud Native API Gateways | @LeanderReimer #cloudnativenerd #qaware Four Categories of API Gateways A. Build Your Own API Gateway B. API Management Solutions C. Service Proxies D. Cloud Native API Gateways 21
  • 22. | #OReillySACon Berlin 2019 | A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Cloud Native API Gateways | @LeanderReimer #cloudnativenerd #qaware A. Build Your Own API Gateway 22 • Several frameworks available: Netflix Zuul 2, Spring Cloud Gateway, Node, Vert.x, Ballerina, Camel (K), Express Gateway, Sentinel • Provides a lot of flexibility. • But: your team needs to develop, maintain and operate the gateway!
  • 23. | #OReillySACon Berlin 2019 | A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Cloud Native API Gateways | @LeanderReimer #cloudnativenerd #qaware B. API Management Solutions 23 • Several full-blown API Management solutions: Kong, Tyk, Mulesoft, 3scale, Apigee, … • Makes sense in Enterprise use cases. Generally cost $. • Provide additional features such as payment, developer portals with API key management, integrations into enterprise infrastructure. • Usually, centrally deployed and operated for the whole platform and all its applications.
  • 24. | #OReillySACon Berlin 2019 | A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Cloud Native API Gateways | @LeanderReimer #cloudnativenerd #qaware C. Service Proxies 24 • Many choices: Nginx, OpenResty, Envoy, Traefik, Apache, HA Proxy, … • Lightweight and simple to use. • Provided features vary a lot between products.
  • 25. | #OReillySACon Berlin 2019 | A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Cloud Native API Gateways | @LeanderReimer #cloudnativenerd #qaware D. Cloud Native API Gateways 25 • Few choices: KrakenD, Ambassador, Gloo • Usually build upon a service proxy such as Envoy and enhance it. • Provide tight integration with cloud native platform, like K8s.
  • 26. | #OReillySACon Berlin 2019 | A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Cloud Native API Gateways | @LeanderReimer #cloudnativenerd #qaware Demos 26 https://github.com/lreimer/hitchhikers-guide-api-gateways https://speakerdeck.com/lreimer/a-hitchhikers-guide-to-cloud-native-api-gateways
  • 27. | #OReillySACon Berlin 2019 | A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Cloud Native API Gateways | @LeanderReimer #cloudnativenerd #qaware 42. THE ANSWER TO LIFE, UNIVERSE, THE CLOUD AND API GATEWAYS. 27
  • 29. | #OReillySACon Berlin 2019 | A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Cloud Native API Gateways | @LeanderReimer #cloudnativenerd #qaware Please rate today’s session 29 Session page on conference website O’Reilly Events App
  • 30. &