تصميم وتدقيق المخططات والشبكات الكهربائية م. محمد صبحي المصري1.
ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ
ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ
ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ ﺍﻹﺿﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ
ﺘﺄﻟﻴﻑ
ﻣﺎﺟﺴﺘﯿﺮﻓﻲھﻨﺪﺳﺔاﻟﻌﻠﻮماﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺔ
3. 2
ﳏﻔﻮﻇﺔ ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻕ ﲨﻴﻊ
ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ
1431ﻫـ-2010ﻡ
©ﳏﻔﻮﻇﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ
ﺇﺫﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺇﻻ ﻃﺒﻌﻪ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﻩ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺟﺰﺀ ﺃﻱ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻧﺸﺮ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻷﻱ ﳛﻖ ﻻ
ﺻﺮﻳﺢﺧﻄﻲﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺷﺮ ﺍﳌﺆﻟﻒ ﻣﻦ.
ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺯ-ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﺷﺎﺭﻉﻭﺩﻱ-ﺩﻣﺸﻖ
ﻫﺎﺗﻒ:2217811-ﻓﺎﻛﺲ:2239031
Email: uns@scs-net.org
4. 3
ﺇﻫﺪﺍﺀ
ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﻝ ﳓﻮ ﻔﻮ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﳋﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻮﺏ ﺇﱃ....
ﺇﱃﺍﻟﻨﻔﻮﺱﺍﻟﱵﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴ ﳓﻮ ﺍﻟﻼﳏﺪﻭﺩ ﻃﻤﻮﺣﻬﺎ ﻳﺪﻓﻌﻬﺎﻖﰲﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ....
ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ ﻃﻼﺋﻊ ﺇﱃ....ﺻﻭﻨﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺎﻉ....
ﺍﻷ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﺎﺏ ﺇﱃﻣﻞ...ﺍﳌﺘﻘﻦ....ﺍﳌﺨﻠﺺ....ﺍﻷﻣﲔ....
ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺪﺳﲔ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻼﺀ ﺇﱃ...ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺒﺔ ﺃﻋﺰﺍﺋﻲ ﻭﺇﱃﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﺮﻳﻦ...
ﺃﺑﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺇﱃ....
ﺃﻫﺪﻱﻫﺬﻩﺍﻟﺜﻤﺮﺓ........
6. 5
ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ
ﺪﺃﻋ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ ﻟﺪﻯﻭﺷﺮﻛ ﻣﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺎﻫﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺎﺕ
ﻭﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﳏﻠﻴﺔ،ﻭﻛﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻛﻮﺩﺍﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺪﺳﲔ ﻧﻘﺎﺑﺔ ﻗﺪﻣﺘﻪ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻧﺼﺖ ﻣﺎ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ
ﺍﻟﻜﻬ ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﲏ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺇﱃ ﻫﺪﻓﺖﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ،ﺍ ﲤﻜﲔ ﻭﺇﱃﻤﺍﳌﺼ ﳌﻬﻨﺪﺱﻢﻣﻦﳐﻄﻄﺎﺕ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ
ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ ﺔﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔﺍﻟﻘﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﺭHCSHigh Current Systemﺍﻟﻀﻌﻴﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﺭLCSLow Current
Systemﹰﺎﻓﻨﻴ ﻣﻘﺮﻭﺀﺓ ،ﻭﺩﻓﻌ ﻓﻘﺪ ،ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺳﻬﻠﺔﺘﲏﺭﻏﺒﱵﺍﻟﻘـﺮﺍﺀ ﺃﻳـﺪﻱ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺍﺿﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻊﻭﺿ
،ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﻡﺇﱃﺃﻥﺴﺍﳌﺒ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﻗﺪﻡﹰﺍﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻂﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺳﺲ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻴﻪ:
1.ﺍﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ ﺇﻥ)ﺳﻮﺍﺀﺃﻓﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ ،ﹰﺎﳐﻄﻄ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ،ﺃﻡﺣـﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻣﺬﻛﺮﺓ،( .....ﺗﻜـﻮﻥ ﺃﻥ ﳚـﺐ
ﺑﻘﺪﺭ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔﺃﻥ ﲝﻴﺚ ﻛﺎﻑﻻ ﻗﺎﺭﺋﻬﺎﳛﺘﺎﺝﺇﱃﻱﺃٍﺡﺷﺮﳍﺎ،ﺎﻭﺃﻻ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﲢﻮﻱ
ﺗﺴﺘﺪﻋﻲﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺳﺆﺍﻝ ﺃﻱﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻭﺑﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ ،:ﻣﺴﺘﻠﻢ ﺇﻥﺗﻠﻚﻓﻘﻂ ﻗﺎﺭﺉ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ.
2.ﻳ ﻗﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋﻖ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕ ﻭﺿﻮﺡ ﺇﻥﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻌﻄﻰ50%ﻳـﺴﻤﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ،ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ
ﺍﻹﺧﺮﺍﺝ)ﺃﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﲑ ﺻﺢ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻹﺑﺪﺍﻉ(ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺮﻕ ﻭﺳﻴﺠﺮﻱ ،ﰲﻭﺇﻋـﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺘـﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻛﻴﻔﻴـﺔ
ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ،ﺑﻌﻀﻬ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕ ﻭﺭﺑﻂﺎﺑﺒﻌﺾ،ﺃ ﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻟﺘﻘﺪﳝﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕ ﻭﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔﻣﻜـﻦ
ﺃﻛﱪ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﺭﺉ ﳝﻜﻦ ﲝﻴﺚﳑﻜﻦ ﺯﻣﻦ ﺑﺄﻗﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﳑﻜﻦ ﻗﺪﺭ.
3.ﺗﺘﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺇﻥﺃ ﻣﻊ ﲨﻴﻌﻬﺎﺍﻷ ﺣﺪﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻧﻈﻤﺔ)ﺍﻟﻜﻮﺩﺍﺕ(ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤـﺪﺓ.
ﺗﻮﺍﻓﻘﻬﺎ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻭﰲ،ﺍﳌﻌﻠ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﳚﺐﻧﺼ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻮﻣﺎﺕﺖﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎﺍﻷﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻧﻈﻤﺔ.
4.ﺇﻥﻣﻦﺩﻭﺍﻋﻲﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻗﺘﻨﺎﺀ:
•ﺍﻟﻔﲏ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﲢﺪﻳﺚﻟﻠﻤﻬﻨﺪﺳﲔ ﺍﳌﻤﻜﻦﺍﻟﺘـﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺘﺒﻊ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﳌﻮﺍﻛﺒﺔ
ﺎﻝﺍ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﻟﺪﻯ.
•ﻻﻓﺘﺘﺎﺡ ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺪﺳﲔ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻼﺀ ﺗﺄﻫﻴﻞﻣﻜﺎﺗﺐﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ،ﻭﳏﺎﻭﻟﺔﺻﻘﻞﺗﺆﻫﻠـﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻢﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎ
ﺭﺃﻱ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﻟﻨﻴﻞ)ﺍﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭﻱ(ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺪﺳﲔ ﻧﻘﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻟﺪﻯ.
5.ﺍﻟﻔ ﺿﻌﺖﻭﺃﺳﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﶈﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﻬﺮﺳﺔﺗﺴﻠﺴﻞﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞٍﻉﻣـﺸﺮﻭ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢﻣﻌﻈـﻢ ﻳﺘـﻀﻤﻦ
ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕﺍﻟﻀﻌﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺍﶈﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﺔLCSﺍﻟﻘﻮﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﺭHCSﻣﺆﻟـﻒ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ،
ﻣﻦﻣ ﻋﺪﺓﻨﺎﻃﻖZones،ﺃﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻛﻞ ﲢﻮﻱBuildings،ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻛﻞ ﻳﺘﺄﻟﻒﻣﻦﻃﻮﺍﺑﻖ ﻋﺪﺓ.
ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺮ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀ ﺃﻳﺪﻱ ﺑﲔ ﻭﻭﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﰲ ﻭﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺇﻥ
ﺍﻷ ﻫـﺬﻩ ﺃﻫﻢ ﻭﻟﻌﻞ ،ﺎﻝﺍ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺪﺳﲔ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻬﺎ ﻗﺪ ﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ،ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻞﺳـﺒﺎﺏ
7. 6
ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ-ﺑﺎﻹﻧﻜﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ-ﺍﻟﻜﺘـﺎﺏ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻐﲏﺗ ﺍﻟﱵ.....
ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣـﺎﺕ ﺻﻘﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻓﻀﻞ ﳓﻮ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻟﲑﻗﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻼﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﺗﻠﻘﻲ ﻭﻳﺴﻌﺪﱐ
ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻄﻴﺎﺕ.
ﺴﹸﻗﻓـﺼﻮ ﲬﺴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻢﻭﺍﳌﺪﺍﺭﺳـﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺎﺑﻌـﺔ ﻟﺘـﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﻝﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤـﻲ ﺍﻟﺘـﺮﺍﺑﻂ ﻣﺮﺍﻋـﺎﺓ ﻣـﻊ ،
ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻣﲏﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ.
ﺍﻟﻌﺎ ﺍﻷﺳﺲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﳛﻮﻱﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﰲ ﻣﺔﺟﺰﺀ ﰲ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺍﻟﱵ
ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﺎﺕ ﺑﻘﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻛﺒﲑ.
ﺍﻟﺮﻣ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻳﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝﺰﻳﺔSingle Line Diagrams)ﺍﻟـﺼﻨﺪﻭﻗﻴﺔ ﹰﺎﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ(
ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ.ﺪﻌﺗﻭﺍﳌﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕ ﻫﺬﻩﺟﺰﺀﹰﺎﻣﻬﻤ ﹰﺍ،ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﳐﻄﻄﺎﺕ ﻣﻦﺎﻷﺒﺗﻌﻋـﻦ ﺮﺣﺠـﻢ
ﺍﳌﺰﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﻭﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉﺩﺭﺍﺳﺘﻬﺎ.
ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕ ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻣﻔﺼﻞ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﰲﺍﻟﻄﺎﺑﻘﻴﺔLayout Drawingsﺃﻧﻮ ﳌﺨﺘﻠﻒﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻉ
ﺍﶈﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻜﻞﺭﻟﺘﻴﺎﻳﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﻀﻌﻴﻒ ﻦ،ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻭﺭﺑﻂﺑﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰﻳﺔ ﺎﳌﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕ.
ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ ﻟﻺﺿﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﶈﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﳌﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﻳﺘﺤﺪﺙ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞExecution File.
ﻓﻴﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺃﻣﺎﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﰲ ﺗﺘﻤﺎﺕﺍﻟﺘ ﻣﺜﻞﺍﳋﺎﺻـﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤـﺎﺕ ﺪﻗﻴﻖ
ﺍ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻋﺮﻭﺽ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺪﺭﺍﺝﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ...
ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﺮ ﺃﺗﻘﺪﻡﺇﱃﻣﻦ ﻛﻞﺃﺳﹰﺎﺭﺍﺟﻴ ،ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﳒﺎﺡ ﰲ ﻬﻢﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻦﻳﻮﻓﻘﻨﺎﹰﺎﺩﺍﺋﻤﺗﻘـﺪﱘ ﰲ
ﻭﺃﻥ ،ﻭﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﺎﺩﺓﻳﻌﻠﻤﻨﺎﻳﻨﻔﻌﻨﺎ ﻣﺎﻭﻳﺰ ﻋﻠﻤﻨﺎ ﲟﺎ ﻭﻳﻨﻔﻌﻨﺎﻳﹰﺎﻋﻠﻤ ﺪﻧﺎ،ﻣﻨﺎ ﻳﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻭﺃﻥﻧﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺴﻰ ،
ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ ﳑﻦﺣﺒﻴﺒﻨﺎﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ:
)ﺍﻨﻘﻁﻊ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﻤﺎﺕ ﺇﺫﺍﻋﻨـﻪﺜﻼﺜـﺔ ﻤـﻥ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻤﻠـﻪ:،ﺠﺎﺭﻴـﺔ ﺼـﺩﻗﺔ ﻤـﻥ ﺇﻻ
ﺃﻭ،ﺒﻪ ﻴﻨﺘﻔﻊ ﻋﻠﻡﻟﻪ ﻴﺩﻋﻭ ﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻭﻟﺩ ﺃﻭ(ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺭﺿﻲ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﺃﰊ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ.
ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﻖ ﻭﱄ ﻭﺍﷲ.
ﺍﳌـﺆﻟﻒ
12. ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ-ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺲ
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ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ
ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺲ
1-ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ
ﺍﻟﺰﻣﲏ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ ﺇﻥﻟﻣﻨﺴﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺼﻤﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﻳﺴﺘﻠﻢ ﺣﲔ ﻳﺒﺪﺃ ،ﻣﺎ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﰲ ﻠﻌﻤﻞ
ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉProject Coordinatorﺍﳌﻌﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕﹰﺔﻣﺮﻓﻘ ،ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺔﺑﰒ ،ﳍﺎ ﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔﺍﳌﺨﻄﻄـﺎﺕ ﺗﻠﻚ ﲤﺮ
ﻋ ﲟﺮﺍﺣﻞﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻤﻞﻻﺑﻌ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﳚﺮﻱ ﻭﻗﺪ ،ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﻄﻴﺎﺕ ﺳﺘﻜﻤﺎﻝﺍﳌﻌﻤﺎﺭﻳـﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﺾ
ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻟﱵﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﰒ ،ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔﺑﺘﺴﻠﻴﻢﺇﺿﺒﺎﺭﺓﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔﺑﺎﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ
ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻣﻨﺴﻖ ﺇﱃ.ﻣﺮﺍﺣـﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺮﻕ ﻭﺳﻴﺠﺮﻱﺍﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳـﻲ ﻟﻌﻤـﻞ
ﺇﱃ ﻣﺒﺪﺋﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻲﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺿﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﺣﲔ.
2-ﻟﻠﻤﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻭﱄ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻼﻡﺍﳌﻌﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﻭﻭﺿﻊ:
ﺍﳌﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎ ﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻳﺒﺪﺃ،ﺍﻻ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒـﺎﺕ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﻪ ﰲ ﻳﺮﺍﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱﺧﺘـﺼﺎﺻﺎﺕ
ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ)ﻣﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴ،ﻛﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ ،ﺻﺤﻴﺔ ،ﻚ( ...ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ،ﻭﻳﺮﺍﻋﻲﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﻣﻦﻣﺎﻟـﻚ ﺭﻏﺒﺎﺕ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ
ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉﺍﳌ ﺇﱃ ﺑﺎﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﻣﻴﻢ ﻡﺪﻳﻘ ﰒ ﻭﻣﻦ ،ﻬﻨﺪﺳﲔﺍﳌﺨﺘـﺼﲔﺣـﺴﺐ ﻛـﻞ ،
ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻪﻭﺍﳌﺘﻄ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ ،ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺑﻜﻞ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻠﺒﺎﺕﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻭﺳﻴﺠﺮﻱ ،ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ
ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺪﻋﻠﻰﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﻣﻘﺘﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ ﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻏﺎﺕ ﺮﺡﹰﻼﺗﻌﺪﻳ ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﱵﻋﻠﻰﺍﳌﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕ
ﺍﳌﻌﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ.
ﳚﺐﻴﺒﻳ ﺃﻥﻋﻠﻰ ﻦﺍﳌﻌﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕ:
-ﻛﻞ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺎﺕﻓﺮﺍﻍﳊﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﻌﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻏﺎﺕ ﻣﻦﻣﺴﺘﻭﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﳍﺎ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺎﺭﺓ ﻮﻳﺎﺕ
ﺍﳌ ﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻏﺎﺕﺩﺭﺍﺳﺘﻬﺎ ﺰﻣﻊ،ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﻣﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺸﺎﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻏﺎﺕ ﺗﻠﻚ ﻭﲢﺪﺩ
ﺍﳌﻌﻤﺍﳌﺼ ﻤﺎﺭﻱﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻣﻨﺴﻖ ﻣﻊ ﺃﻭ ﻢ.
-ﹰﺎﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﻳ ﺍﳊﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢﹰﺎﻛﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴ ﺍﳊﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻻﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ
ﺍﻹﻧﺬﺍﺭ ﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺑﻘﻲ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻂ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻋﻨﺪﺑﺎﳊﺮﻳﻖ.
2-1-ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﻣﻮﻗﻊﺎﺋﻴﺔ:
ﺨﺘﻳﺎﺭﻣﻮﻗﻊﻣﺼﺪﺭﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔﲤﺪﻳﺪﺍﺕ ﻋﻦ ﹰﺍﺑﻌﻴﺪ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﲝﻴﺚﺷﺒﻜﱵﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ)ﻭﺍﳌﺎﳊـﺔ ﺍﳊﻠﻮﺓ(،
ﳛﻘﻖ ﻭﲝﻴﺚﻣﺴﺎﺭِﺒﺎﻝﻛﺍﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔﺍﻟﻀﻌﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﲤﺪﻳﺪﺍﺕ ﻭﺑﲔﺍﳌـﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺗﺘﻔـﺎﻭﺕ ،
ﺣﺴﺐﺍﻟ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉِﺒﺎﻝﻜﻭﺣﺴﺐ ،ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺎﻭﺭﺓﻗﻴﻤﺔﻳﻨﻘﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺔﹶﻛﻞﺒﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﺭﺍﻟﻘﻮﻱﻭﻗﻴﻤﺔﻋﻮﺍﻣـﻞ
ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﻭﺭ...،ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺮﻕ ﻭﺳﻴﺠﺮﻱﺍﻟﻄﺎﺑﻘﻴـﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻄـﺎﺕ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﻟﺘﻠﻚ
ﺍﻟ ﳊﻮﺍﻣﻞِﺒﺎﻝﻜ.
13. ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ-ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺲ
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ﺗﺆﺧﺬﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔﻣﻦﺃﺣﺪﻣﺼﺪﺭﻳﻦ:
ﺃ-ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ:
ﺗﻜﻮﻥﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻋﻦﻞﺒﹶﻛﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻣﻦﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﲢﻮﻳﻞ، ﺑﺎﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺧﺎﺹ
ﲟ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻭﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖﺍﻟﺰﺑﻮﻥ ﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕﻭﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻭﺑﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ.ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺑﻨﺎﺀﻫﺬﻩﺍﳌﻌﻄﻴﺎﺕﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﳚﺮﻱ
ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺃﺣﺪ:
-ﺗﻮﺗﺮ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺭﺑﻂ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﻮﻗﻊﻣﻨﺨﻔﺾLV
-ﺷﺒﻜﺔﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﻭﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﻮﺗﺮ
-ﻣﻮﻗﻊﻣﺮﻛﺰﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ/ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ
ﺏ-ﺍﻻ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﻴﺔ:
ﻣﺎ ﹰﺎﻏﺎﻟﺒﺗﻜﻮﻥﺍﻻ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﻴﺔﻣﻦﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ/ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ،ﻛﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔﻭﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺍﻋﻰ
ﺍﳌﻮﻟﺪﺍﺕﻣﻼﺻﻘﹰﺎﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻗﺪﺭﻭﺫﻟﻚﻣﻦ ﻟﻠﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞﺍﻟ ﺃﻃﻮﺍﻝِﺒﺎﻝﻜﺗـﺼﻞ ﺍﻟـﱵ
ﺍﳌﻮﻟﺪﺍﺕﺑﺍﻵﱄ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻠﻮﺣﺔATSAutomatic Transfer Switchﺍﻟﺍﻟﺘﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﳚﺮﻱ ﱵﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺘﻬﺎ
ﺑﲔﺗﻐﺬﻳﺔﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔﺟﻬﺔ ﻣﻦ،ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔﺃ ﺟﻬـﺔ ﻣﻦﺧـﺮﻯ.
ﻛﺬﻟﻚﳚﺐﳊﻆﻣﻮﻗﻊﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐﳋﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻡ ﻭﻣﺴﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻮﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﺩ ﺰﺍﻥ)ﺍﻻﺷﻄﻤﺎﻥ(ﳍـﺬﻩ
ﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕﺍ.
ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎPower Plantﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺭﻗﻌﺔ ﺿﻤﻦ،ﺍﳌﺜﺎﱄ ﻓﺎﳊﻞﺍﻟﻔﲏ
ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱﺍﻟـ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻫﻮATSﺍﻟ ﻭﻣﺮﻛﺰﻓـﺮﺍﻍ ﺿـﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ/
ﻓﺮﺍﻏﺎﺕﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﰲ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻣﻼﺻﻘﺔﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ:
G Power Plant
ﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮﺣ ﺮوع اﻟﻤﺸ ﺔ رﻗﻌ
MDB
ATS
LOADS
ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﲏ ﺍﳊﻞﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﻱﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻟﻴﺪﺍﻟـATSﻭﺍﻟـMDB
ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻓﺮﺍﻍ ﺿﻤﻦ
ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ)1(
14. ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ-ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺲ
13
ﺃﻣﺎﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﺫﺍﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺭﻗﻌﺔ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ،ﺨﺘﻴﻓﺎﺭﻣﻜﺎﻥﺍﻟﻠﻮﺣﺔًﺀﺑﻨﺎﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰﻭﺍﻗـﻊ
ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ؛ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺣﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻗﺘﺮﺍﺣﺎﻥ ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ:
-ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺣﺔ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺇﻣﺎﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔMDBﻭﺭﺑﻄﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺿﻤﻦﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔِﺒﺎﻝﻛﺑﻭﺍﶈﻮﻟﺔ ﺎﳌﻮﻟﺪﺓﺧﺎﺭﺝ
ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀATSﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﰲ ﻛﻤﺎ)2.(
-ﻭﺇﻣﺎﺍﻟ ﺍﺳﺘﺒﺪﺍﻝِﺒﺎﻝﻜﺗﺮﺑﻂ ﺍﻟﱵﺍﻟﻠﻮﺣﺔ ﺑﲔMDBﺍﻟـ ﻭﻟﻮﺣﺔATSﺑﻨﻈﺎﻡﺍﻟﺒﺎﺳﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕBTS
Busbar Trunking System
ﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮﺣ ﺮوع اﻟﻤﺸ ﺔ رﻗﻌ
MDB
ATS
LOADS
G
ﺍﻻﻗ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳊﻞﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﺢ ﺍﳊﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻞ)1(
ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ)2(
ﻭﺍ ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻒﺃﺣﺪ ﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺮﺍﺣﲔﺍﳌ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰﺟﻬﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻍ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﺮﻭﻉ،ﻭﻋﻠـﻰ
ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺟﻬﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻔﺔ.ﻣﻨﻔﺬ ﺛﻼﺛﻲ ﺑﺎﺳﺒﺎﺭ ﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﻭﺗﻮﺿﺢﰲ
ﺃﺍﳊﻴﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺣﺪ
Busbar
15. ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ-ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺲ
14
Busbar Tap offﻭﺻﻞ ﻋﻠﺒﺔ)ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻊ(ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺳﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺳﺒﺎﺭ ﰲ ﻋﺮﺿﻲ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ
ﺍﻧﻈﺮﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﳌﻠﺤﻖ)1(-ﻭﺃﺷ ﳕﺎﺫﺝﻜﺎﻝﻟﻠﺒﺎﺳﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭﺑﻌﺾ
BusbarTapoff
16. ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ-ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺲ
15
2-2-ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ:
ﳚﺐﻳﺘﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﺃﻥﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﻗﻊﻣﻊﻭ ﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔﺍﻟﻜﻮﺩﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﺍﺕﺍﻟﻜﻮﺩ ﻣﺜﻞﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ
( NEC )NFPA 70, NATIONAL ELECTRIC CODEﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻏﲑﻩﺖﺼﻧ ﺍﻟﱵﺃﻥ ﻋﻠـﻰ
ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎﺕﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕﺗ ﺃﻥ ﳚﺐﻜﻮﻥ:
-ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﰲﻣﻨﻌﺰﻝﻭﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻋﻦ.
-ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺳﻬﻠﺔﻣﺘﻨﻘﻠﺔ ﺳﻼﱂ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺩﻭﻥ.
-ﻓﻘﻂ ﻟﲔﻮﺍﳌﺨ ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﺃﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﻫﺰﺓ.
-ﻣﺮﺋﻴﺔﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻴﲑ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺤﺺ ﳍﺎ ﺍﻵﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻭﲝﻴﺚ.
-ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺃ ﹼﻞﻜﺗﺸ ﻭﺩﻭﺍﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﲞﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ٍﻝﻭﺧﺎ ﺟﻴﺪﺓ ﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﺫﻱ ﺟﺎﻑ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﰲ.
-ﺿﻤﻦﻛﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺧﺰﺍﻧﺔ)ﺧﺎﺹ ﻓﺮﺍﻍ(.
-ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﰲﺍﳌ ﺑﺈﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔﻭﻟﻠﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﹰﺎﻛﺎﻓﻴ ﹰﺎﻓﺮﺍﻏ ﻳﻮﻓﺮ.
-ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﻧﻔﺲ ﰲﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱﺗﻠﻚﺍﻟﻠﻮﺣﺔﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ.
-ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺣﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﲝﻴﺚ ﻣﻨﻔﺬﺓﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔِﺒﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﻲ160ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﳌﻨﺴﻮﺏ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻢ
ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻁ ﻟﺴﻄﺢﺍﻟﻠﻮﺣﺔ ﺳﻘﻒ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺃﻭ ،180ﺳﻢﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﻋﻦﺍﻟﺒﻼﻁ ﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ.
ﻛﻮﻥ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻭﰲﺍﻻﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲﻣﻦ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻟﻠﻮﺣﺔ160ﻓ ﺳﻢﺘﺜﺒﺖﻋﻨﺪﺋﺬﺃﺭﺿﻴﺔ ﺣﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ
ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔﻭﺗﺴﻤﻰPanelsFloor Standing.
2-3-ﻣﻮﻗﻊﺍﳌﻨﺎﻭﺭ/ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﻋﺪ/ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ ﻏﺮﻑﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ:
ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻭﺭ ﺗﻜﻮﻥﻏﺮﻓﺔ ﺿﻤﻦ/ﻏﺮﻑﻛﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔﳌﺮﻭﺭ ﳐﺼﺼﺔِﺒﺎﻝﻛﺍﻟﻀﻌﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﺭLCﺃﻭﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﺭ
ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻱHCﺃﻭﻟﻜﻠﺘﹰﺎﻣﻌ ﻴﻬﻤﺎﻭﺷﺒﻜﺎ ﻣﻨﺎﻭﺭ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺕ.ﻭﳍﺎ ﳎﺎﻭﺭﺓ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻻ ﻳﻔﻀﻞ،ﻭﰲ
ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﺔﻣﻦﺍﳌﺒﲎﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﺍﻷﲪﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻗﺮﻳﺒﺔﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻣﻜﻦ ﺇﻥ.ﻓﺘﺤﺔ ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥﺑﺎﺏﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔﳓﻮ
ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺝﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﻭﺳﻼﻣﺔ ﺃﻣﻦ ﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕﻭﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ.ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ
ﺗﺴﻠﻚ ﺃﻥ ﳚﺐﻫﺬﻩِﺒﺎﻝﻜﺍﻟﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺃﻗﺼﺮﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ ﻏﺮﻑ ﺇﱃﺑﻌﻴﺪﺓﻋﻦﲤﺪﻳﺪﺍﺕﺷﺒﻜﺎﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺕ
ﺍﳊﻠﻮﺓﻭﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ.
ﺗﺤﺪﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻮﺭ ﻓﺘﺤﺔ ﺃﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺩﺍﳌﻌﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﻣﻴﻢ ﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻨﺎﺀﻋﺪﺩﻭﺃﻗﻄﺎﺭﺍﻟِﺒﺎﻝﻜﺍﻟﱵﲤﺮ
ﻣﻦﺧﻼﻝﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ.ﹰﺎﻣﺒﺪﺋﻴ،ﳝﻜﻦﺣﺴﺎﺏﻃﻮﻝﻣﻨﻮﺭِﺒﺎﻝﻛﺍﻟﻘﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﺭﺍﻟﻈـﺮﻭﻑ ﺃﺳﻮﺃ ﻋﻨﺪ
ﻛﻤﺎﻳﻠﻲ:
17. ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ-ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺲ
16
1.2 x [ (50 x 2 mm) x y ]
ﻋﺪﺩِﺒﺎﻝﻛﺍﶈﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﺭ
ﻟﻠ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺮﻞﺒﹶﻜﺑﺎﳊﺴ ﺍﻷﺧﺬ ﻣﻊـﺒﺎﻥ
ﺍﻟ ﺑﲔ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺗﺮﻙﻞﺒﹶﻜﺍﻟ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻭﺍﻵﺧﺮﻞﺒﹶﻜ
ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ20%ﺇﱃﻃﻮﻝﺍﳌﻨـﻮﺭﺍﳌ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺳﻊﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻲ
ﻭﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔﻣﺸﺎﺔﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﳝﻜﻦﻃﻮﻝﻣﻨﻮﺭِﺒﺎﻝﻛﺍﻟﻀﻌﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﺭﻛﻤﺎﻳﻠﻲ:
1.2 x (30 mm x y )
ﻋﺪﺩِﺒﺎﻝﻛﺍﶈﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﻌﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﺭ
ﺍﻟﻘـﺍﻻ ﻄﺮﻓﺘﺮﺍﺿـﻟﻠ ﻲـﻞﺒﹶﻜ
ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ20%ﻋﻠﻰﻃﻮﻝﺍﳌﻨﻮﺭﺍﳌ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺳﻊﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻲ
ﺤﺴﺐﻴﻓ ﺍﳌﻨﻮﺭ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺃﻣﺎﺑﺄﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﻤﻮﻉﺍ ﺧﺬﺍﻟ ﺑﺴﻠﻢ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺍﳌﺜﺒﺘﺔِﺒﺎﻝﻜCable Ladder
ﻭﺛﺨﺎﻧﺔﺍﻟ ﻭﻗﻄﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻢﻞﺒﹶﻜ،ﰒٍﻑﻛﺎ ﻓﺮﺍﻍ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔﻣﻦ ﻟﻠﺘﻤﻜﻦﻭ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐﲢﺰﱘﺍﻟِﺒﺎﻝﻜ.....،ﻭﻗـﺪ
ﺍﻟ ﻳﻜﻮﻥﻌﻤﻖ35-50ﹰﺎﻛﺎﻓﻴ ﺳﻢﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ.
ﺍﻧﻈﺮﺍﳌﺨﻄﻂﺭﻗﻢEL-AB-901-ﺿﻟﺘﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻃﻊﺍﻟ ﻊِﺒﺎﻝﻜﺍﳌﻨﻮ ﰲﺭ
ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻂ ﺍﻧﻈﺮEL-AB-902-ﺍﻟ ﺣﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞِﺒﺎﻝﻜﻭﺃﺷﻜﺎﳍﺎ
2-4-ﻣﻮﻗﻊﺍﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ:
ﺨﺘﺎﺭﻳﻊﻣﻮﻗﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐﺍﳌﻌﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻏﺎﺕ ﻣﻦﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕﻣﻦ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻛﻞﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ،ﲝﻴـﺚ
ﺗﻜﻮﻥﺃﺑﻌﺎﺩﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻏﺎﺕﻟﺘﻮﺿﻊﺍ ﺗﻠﻚﺍﳌﻔ ﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕﺘﺮﺿﺔﺗﺸﻤ ﻗﺪ ﺍﻟﱵﻞ:
-ﺍﳍﺎﺗﻒ ﻣﻘﺴﻢP.A.B.X. Private Automatic Branch Exchangerﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴـﺴﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻭﻗﺎﺋﻢ
Main Distribution Frame MDFﺍﻟﻘ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﻄﻮﻁ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﺟﻬﺔ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻊﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺎﺩﻣﺔ
ﺍﳍﺎﺗﻒ.
-ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺣﺔﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡﺍﻹﻧﺬﺍﺭﺑﺎﳊﺮﻳﻖ.
-ﻏﺮﻓﺔ/ﻏﺮﻑﺍﳌﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔﻭ،ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻭﻟﻮﺣﺔﺑﺎﻹﻧﺎﺭﺓﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣـﺔLCP Lighting Control Panel
-ﺍﻟﺴ ﻟﻮﺣﺔـﺍﻷﻡ ﺎﻋﺔﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡﺍﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴﺖCSClock Systemﻭﲡﻬﻴـﻧﻈ ﺰﺍﺕـﺎﻡﺍﻟﻨﺪﺍﺀ
ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡPublic Address PA
18. ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ-ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺲ
17
-ﻣﻮﻗﻊﻋﺪﻡ ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓﺍﻧﻘﻄﺎﻉﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔUPS(Uninterruptible Power Supply):
ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻭﳝﻜﻦUPSﻣﺮﻛﺰﻳﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﹰﺎﺍﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ،ﺃﻭUPSﺧﺎﺻﹰﺎﺷﺒﻜﺔ ،ﺍﳍﺎﺗﻒ ﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔﺍﻟﻨﺪﺍﺀ
ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡﺍﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴﺖ ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ،...ﺃﻭUPSﺧﺎﺻﹰﺎﳉﻬﺎﺯﺃﻭ ﻃﱯﺫﻱ ﳉﻬﺎﺯﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ.
3-ﺍﺳﺘﻤ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺎﺭﺓﺍﻟﺰﺑﻮﻥﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻭﺃﺳﺲ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺬﻛﺮﺓ:
ﺍﳌﺒ ﻗﺒﻞﺎﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﳛﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺃﺧﺬ ﳚﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺷﺮﺓﺍﻟﱵﻳﺮﻏﺐﻳﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺃﻥ
ﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺘﻪ ﳚﺐ ﻛﻤﺎ ،ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﺱﺍﳌﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﺭﻻﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔﺭﻏﺒﺎﺗﻪ ﲢﻘﻖﹰﺍﲤﻬﻴﺪ
ﻹﻋﺪﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﻣﻴﻢ ﺍﺩ.
3-1-ﺍﻟﺰﺑﻮﻥ ﺭﻏﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺎﺭﺓ:
ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ،ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺼﻤﻢ ﻟﻠﻤﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﺑﺪ ﻻ)ﺍﻟﺰﺑﻮﻥ(ﻣﻦ ﻣﻊ ﺃﻭ
ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ ،ﺍﳌﺮﻏﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻭﺳﺆﺍﻟﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻳﻨﻮﺏ
)ﺗﻠﻔ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ ،ﺻﻮﺕﺣﺎﺳﻮﺑﻴﺔ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ،ﺰﻳﻮﻧﻴﺔ(....ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ)،ﺇﻧﺎﺭﺓﻣﻟﻮﺣﺎﺕ ،ﺂﺧﺬ
،ﻛﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔﺍﻟﺘﺄﺭﻳﺾ..(..ﻭﻗﺪﹸﻋﺪﺃﺍﶈﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﳛﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﳍﺬﺍ ﳕﻮﺫﺝﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﱃ ﹰﺔﺇﺿﺎﻓ ،ﻛﻠﻬﺎﳛﻮﻱ
ﹰﻼﺣﻘﺧﺎﺻﹰﺎﺍﻟﱵ ﺑﺎﳌﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕﺗﻀﺎﻑ ﺃﻥ ﳝﻜﻦﺇﻟﻴﻪ.
ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﳌﻠﺤﻖ ﺍﻧﻈﺮ)2(-ﺭﻏﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺎﺭﺓﺍﻟﺰﺑﻮﻥ
ﻳﺘﺰﺍﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﳝﻜﻦُﺀﻣﻞﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﻮﻥ ﺭﻏﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺎﺭﺓﺍﳌﻌﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻭﱄ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻼﻡﺍﳌﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﻭﻭﺿﻊ
ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ،ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻌﺪﻌﺎﺩﺗﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻣﻨﺴﻖ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕProject Coordinatorﺍﳌﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﺗﻠﻚ ﻟﺘﺪﺍﺭﻙ
ﻣﺎﺃﻣﻜﻦ.ﻭﻗﺪﻭﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﻨﺴﻖ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻨﺴﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﺗﺪﻋﻮﺍﳌﺍﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﲔﺼﺨﺘﺍﳊﻠﻮﻝ ﻟﻮﺿﻊ
ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﳌﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﻟﺘﺪﺍﺭﻙ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻟﻴﺔ.
19. ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ-ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺲ
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3-2-ﻭ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺃﺳﺲﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﺮﺓ:
ﺑﻌﺪﺗﺮﻌ،ﻭﺑﻨﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﻭﻇﻴﻔﺘﻪ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻑﳚﺮﻱ ،ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﻮﻥ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻭﺑﻌﺪ
ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺑﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻭﺃﺳﺲ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑﻳﺔ ﺎﳌﺬﻛﺮﺓﺑﺈﳚﺎﺯ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﱵﲨﻴﻊﻟﻠﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ
،ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻀﻌﻴﻒﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺬﻛﺮﻳﻛﺬﻟﻚﺍﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔ ﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻭﻋﺪﺩ
ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔﻭﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ/ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕﺍﻟﺘﻮﻟﻴﺪ)ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﺇﻥ(ﺍﳌ ﻭﺍﻷﲪﺎﻝﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻐﺬﺍﺓ.....،ﺍﳌﻌﻄﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﻊ
ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔﺍﻟﱵﺗ ،ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻚ ﺭﻏﺒﺎﺕ ﲢﻘﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﲟﻮﺟﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺳﻴﺠﺮﻱﻌﺪﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻭﺛﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﺮﺓ ﻫﺬﻩ
ﻭﺃﺳﺎﺳ ﻣﺮﺟﻌﻴﺔﹰﺎﺑﺎﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ.ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﺮﺓ ﲢﻮﻱ ﺃﻥ ﻭﳚﺐ:
3-2-1ﻭﻳﺸﻤﻞ ، ﹰﺎﻭﻭﻇﻴﻔﻴ ﹰﺎﺑﻨﻴﻮﻳ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒﺫﻟﻚ:
-ﻭﺻﻔﹰﺎﳐﺘﺼﺮﹶﺍﻭﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺗﻪ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ.
-ﻭﺃﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺔ.
-ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔﺇﺷﻐﺎﻝﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ.
3-2-2ﲢﺪﻳﺪﺍﶈﻴﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ،)ﺍﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ ،ﺍﳊﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ،.....(ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳـﺔ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ
ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ)ﻣﻮﻟﺪﺓ ،ﺗﻐﺬﻳﺔ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ،ﲢﻮﻳﻞ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ…(ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺁﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪﺇﻥ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﺔ
ﻭﺟﺪﺕ.
3-2-3ﲢﺪﻳﺪﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ)ﺍﻟﻜﻮﺩﺍﺕ(ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪﺓﺎﺋﻴﺔﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ:
-ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺪﻳﺪﺍﺕ ﻧﻈﺎﻡﺍﳌﻬﻨﺪﺳﲔ ﻧﻘﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭ.
-ﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ،ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ)ﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔﻭﺗﺮﻛ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺪﻳﺪﺍﺕﰲ ﺎﻴﺒﺎ
ﺍﻷﺑﻨﻴﺔﺍﻹﻧﺬﺍﺭ ،ﺑﻭ ﺎﳊﺮﻳﻖﺍﳊﺮﻳﻖ ﻭﺇﻃﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﳊﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﻳﺔﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﻋﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻤﺎﻳﺔ ،......ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ(.
-ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳍﻴﺌﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ
IECInternational Electrotechnical Commission
-ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ)ﺍﻟﻜﻮﺩﺍﺕ(ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯBSFN, EN,ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ،ﺃﻭﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪﺓ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔﹰﺎﺭﲰﻴ.
3-2-4ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﲢﺪﻳﺪﺩﺭﺍﺳﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺏﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ)ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺍﳌﺂﺧﺬ ،ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﺂﺧﺬ ،ﺍﻹﻧﺎﺭﺓ،
ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻯﺍﻟﺘﺄﺭﻳﺾ ،ﺍﶈﺮﻛﺔ،ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻮﻥ ﺗﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺭﺑﻂ ﺷﺒﻜﺔﺍ ،ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﻋﻖ ﻣﻦ ﳊﻤﺎﻳﺔ.....ﺇﱁ(.
20. ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ-ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺲ
19
3-2-5ﺍﻟﻀﻌﻴ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﲢﺪﻳﺪﻒﻟ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺏﻠﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ)ﺍﻹﻧﺬﺍﺭ ،ﺍﳍﺎﺗﻒﺑـﺎﳊﺮﻳﻖﺍﻹ ،ﻧﺘﺮﻓـﻮﻥ،
ﺍﻟﻨﺪﺍﺀﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺬﺍﺭ ،ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺫﺍﻋﺔ ،ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ،ﺳﺎﻋﺍﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴﺖ ﺎﺕ،ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺳﻮﺑﻴﺔ،ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ
ﺍﻟﺘـﻠﻔﺰﻳـﻮﱐMATV،ﻧﻈـﺍﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﻮﻧﻴ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺎﻡـﺍﳌﻐ ﺔـﻠﻘـﺔCCTV،ﻧﻈﺎﻡﺍﳌﺒﺎﱐ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓBuilding
Management System BMS....ﺇﱁ(.
3-2-6ﻭ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎﺕ ﲢﺪﻳﺪﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔﺗﻮﺯﻳﻌﻬﺎﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻋﻠﻰﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴـ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳـﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻖﺔ
ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪﺓ)ﻣﻐﺬﺍﺓﻣﻦﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔﻓﻘﻂﻣﻦ ،ﺍﻟﺍﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ،ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻐﺬﺍﺓﺗﻐﺬﻳـﺔ
ﻛﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔﺍﻻﻧﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﻋﺪﳝﺔUPS(
3-2-7ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﲢﺪﻳﺪﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺪﻳﻼﺕ)ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﺇﻥ(:
ﺇﺿﺎ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﰲﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﺃﻭ ﻓﺎﺕﳚﺐ ،ﺑﻴﺎﻥ:
-ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻔﲏ ﺍﻻﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ)ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﻦ(ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺮﺡ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ،ﻭﺇﺭﻓﺎﻕﲨﻴﻊﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋﻖ.
-ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺅﻩ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻡﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻳﺘﻼﺀﻡ ﲝﻴﺚﻭﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺎﺕ.
-ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ.
3-2-8ﻋﺮﺽﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺇﺿﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﶈﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ:
ﻻ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ،ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺻﻠﺐ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺇﺿﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺇﻥﺑـﻣـﻦ ﺪ
ﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﻹﺿﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻫﺬﻩ ﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻭﺃﺳﺲ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﺮﺓ.ﺑﻨـﻮﺩ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﳜﺘﻠﻒ ﻭﻗﺪ
ﻵﺧﺮ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺃﺳﺲ ﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ،ﻭﺗﺴﻤﻴ ﲣﺘﻠﻒ ﻗﺪﺍﻟﺒﻨﻮﺩ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺔ.
ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﳌﻠﺤﻖ ﺍﻧﻈﺮ)3(-ﻭ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺃﺳﺲﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﺮﺓ
3-2-9ﳏﻀﺮﺑﲔ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉﻭ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﺔ ﺍﳉﻬﺔﺍ ﺍﳉﻬﺔﳌﺪﻗﻘﺔ)ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﰎ ﻗﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﻥ(ﺇﱃ ﻳﺸﲑﺍﳌﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ
ﻋﻠﻰﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻭﺃﺳﺲ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﺮﺓﺃ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻊ ،ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﺳﻠﻮﺏ)ﺇﻣﺎﻣﻮﺍﻛﺒﺔﻟﻠﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ،ﻭﺇﻣـﺎﺑﻌـﺪ
ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀﻫﺎ(.
4-ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ:
ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺗﻜﻤﻦﺇﻣﻌﺮﻓ ﰲ ﺑﺎﳌﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻋﺪﺍﺩﻋﺪﺩﻫﺎ ﺔ،ﻭﻢﹶﺛ ﻣﻦﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺣﺠﻢﺍﻟﻮﻗـﺖ ﻭﲣﺼﻴﺺ ﳌﻄﻠﻮﺏ
ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺎ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻡﺎﺋﻬﺎﻹ ﺍﻟﻔﲏ ﺩﺭ.ﻭ ﻫﺬﺍﳝﻜﻦﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻛﻠﻔﺔ ﻭﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻭﺿﻊﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺒﻴﺔﻟﻌﺮﺿﻬﺎﻋﻠﻰ
ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻚ،ﻭﻹﻻ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻋﺪﺍﺩﺑﺪﻭ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﺑﻖ ﻟﺘﺮﻣﻴﺰ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﻣﻦﺍﳌﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﺰ.
21. ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ-ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺲ
20
4-1-ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﺑﻖ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﺰ:
ﺗﺰﻣﺮﺍﳌﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﺑﻖﻣﺒﺴﻄﺔ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﲝﻴﺚﻭﺍﳌﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﳊﻔﻆ ﺳﻬﻠﺔﻭﺍﻹﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ
ﻭﻓﻴ ،ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔﻳﻠﻲ ﻤﺎﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ:
B02:ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻮﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐBasement 02.
B01:ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻮﺍﻷﻭﻝBasement 01.
GF:ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻲGround Floor.
T01:ﺍﻟﺘﻘﲏ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺑﻖﺍﻷﻭﻝTechnical 01.
M01:ِﻧﺍﳌﻴﺰﺍﲔﺍﻷﻭﻝMezzanine 01.
M02:ِﻧﺍﳌﻴﺰﺍﲔﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐMezzanine 02.
L01:ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﳌﻨﺴﻮﺏ ﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺑﻖ01Level.
L02:ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﳌﻨﺴﻮﺏ ﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺑﻖ02Level.
T02:ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﲏ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺑﻖTECHNICAL 02.
L03:ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﳌﻨﺴﻮﺏ ﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺑﻖ02Level.
PH:ﻓﺮﺍﻍﺍﻟﺪﺭﺝ ﺑﻴﺖ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢPenthouse.
RF:ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢRoof.
ﳝﻜﻦﳐﺘﻠﻔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺭﻣﻮﺯ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻭﺿﻊﻟﻠﺘﺮﻣﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﲜﺪﻳﺔ ﻭﺑﺴﺎﻃﺔ ﻭﺿﻮﺡ ﰲ ﺗﻜﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﺓ ﻟﻜﻦ ،ﺔ
ﻭﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔﻣﺪﻟﻮﳍﺎ ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺣﻔﻈﻬﺎ.
4-2-ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﺰ:
ﺗﻣﺮﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﺎﺕ ﳌﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕ ﺰﺔﻋﻠـﻰ ﻟﻠﺪﻻﻟـﺔ ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰ ﳛﻮﻱ ﲝﻴﺚ
ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻂ ﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ:ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ،ﺍﳌﺒﲎ،ﻟﻠﻤﺨﻄـﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻢ ،ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ.ﻛـﺬﻟﻚ
ﺑﺎﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﺰ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﳝﻜﻦ،ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻂ ﺤﻔﻆﻳ ﰒﰲﺍﳊﺎﺳﻮﺏﺍﻻﺳـﻢ ﺑـﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻣﻠﻒ ﺿﻤﻦ
ﺑﻪ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻂ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﺰ ﰎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ.
ﺍﳌﻠﺤﻖ ﺍﻧﻈﺮﺭﻗﻢ)4(-ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﺰ
ﺗﺨﺘﺎﺭﻟﻠﺘﺮﻗﻴﻢ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔﻟﻠﻤﺨﻄﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻠﻲﻣﺎ ﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔﺃﻱ ﻣﻦ ﳐﻄﻂ ﺃﻱ ﺣﺬﻑ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﳝﻜﻦ ﲝﻴﺚ
ﳌﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻗﻴﻢ ﻳﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺷﺒﻜﺔﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕﻭﻓﻴ ،ﻤﺍﳌﻘﺘﺮﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺎ:
22. ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ-ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺲ
21
4-2-1-ﳐﻄﻄﺎﺕﺍﻟﻘﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﺭ:
4-2-2-ﳐﻄﻄﺎﺕﺍﻟﻀﻌﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﺭ:
ﻡﺍﳌﺨﻄﻂ/ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕﺍﻟﺮﻗﻢﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰ
1
ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻂﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰﻱﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔﺍﳍﺎﺗﻒﻭﺍﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﻮﱐ ﺍﻹﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ
Telephone & MATV Networks
100TE -
2
ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻂﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰﻱﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔﺍﻹﻧﺬﺍﺭﺑﺎﳊﺮﻳﻖﻭﺷﺒﻜﺔﺍﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ
& Fire Alarm System FASCCTV
200
3
ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻂﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰﻱﻟﺍﻟﺰﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴﺖ ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺸﺒﻜﺔﻭﺷﺒﻜﺔﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺪﺍﺀ
Clock System CS & Public Address PA
300
4
ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻂﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰﻱﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔﺍﳊﺎﺳﻮﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﺏﺍﳌﻤﺮﺿﺎﺕ ﻧﺪﺍﺀ ﻭﺷﺒﻜﺔ
DATA & Nurse Call System NC
400
5
ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻂﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰﻱﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔﺍﻹﻧﺬﺍﺭﺑﺎﻟﺴﺮﻗﺔBurglar Alarm Systemﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ
ﺑﺎﻟﺪﺧﻭﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﻮﻝAccess Control System
500
6
ﺍﳌ ﳐﻄﻂﺍﻟﻀﻌﻴﻒ ﻟﻠﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻮﻗﻊSite Low Current Cabling
ﺣﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔﺘﻴﺶ ﻔﺮHand Hole)ﺍﻟﺮﻳﻜﺎﺭﺍﺕ(
600
ﻡﺍﳌﺨﻄﻂ/ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕﺍﻟﺮﻗﻢﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰ
1
ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰﻱ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻂ
Power Single Line Diagram
100EL -
2ﺍﳌﺂﺧﺬ ﳐﻄﻄﺎﺕﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔPower Outlets Layout200
3ﺍﻹﻧﺎﺭﺓ ﳐﻄﻄﺎﺕLighting Layout300
4
ﺍﻟ ﺣﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﳐﻄﻄﺎﺕِﺒﺎﻝﻜﻭﺍﻟِﺒﺎﻝﻜﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﺭﻳﺾ
Power Cable Trays, Cabling & Earthing
400
5ﳐﻄﻂﺷﺒﻜﺔﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﻋﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻤﺎﻳﺔLightning Protection System500
6ﺟﺪﻭﻝﺍﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎﺕﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔPanel Load Schedule600
7
ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴﻴﻒ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺪﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺪﻳﺪﺍﺕ
Electric Installation for Heating & Air Conditioning
700
8
ﺍﻟﻌﺎ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﳐﻄﻂﻟ ﻡِﺒﺎﻝﻜﺍﻟﺘﻔﺘﻴﺶ ﻭﺣﻔﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﺭ)ﺍﻟﺮﻳﻜﺎﺭﺍﺕ(
ManHoleﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺎﺭﺓ
Site Power Cabling & External Lighting
800
9ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻮﺯGeneral Legends & Details900
23. ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ-ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺲ
22
ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ:
ﺭﻗﻢ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰﻱ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻂﻣﺎ ﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ300ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺑﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕ ﺃﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﻓﺈﻥ ،ﹰﻼﻣﺜ:
301-302-303----------399ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻭ
ﺗﺮﻣ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻣﺜــﻠﺔﳐﻄﻂ ﻴﺰ:
EL - 01 - L01 - 001
ﻗﻮﻱ ﺗﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ
ﺍﻟﺒﻨــﺎﺀ ـﻢﺭﻗـNumberBuilding
ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺑﻖﺍﳌ ﺫﻭﺴﺘﻮﻯﺭﻗﻢ0101,Level
ﻟﻠﻤﺨﻄـﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠـﺴﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻢ
ﻣﺜﺎﻝ)1(
TE - SI - 00 - 001
ـﺎﺭﺗﻴـ ـﺎﺀﻛﻬﺮﺑــﻌﻴﻒﺿـ
ﺑ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﳐﻄﻂﺄﺍﻟﻌـﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻮﻗـﻊ ﻋﻤﺎﻝ
ـﺎﱐـﺑﺎﳌﺒ ـﻪـﻟ ـﺔـﻋﻼﻗ ﻻ ـﻂـﳐﻄ
ـﻂﻟﻠﻤﺨﻄـ ـﺴﻠﻲﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠـ ـﺮﻗﻢﺍﻟـ
ﻣﺜﺎﻝ)2(
4-3-ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔ ﻟﻮﺣﺎﺕ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﺰ:
ﻣﺮﺗﺰﺍﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎﺕﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔﹰﺎﺃﻳﻀﻭﺍﳌﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﳊﻔﻆ ﺳﻬﻠﺔ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﲝﻴﺚ ﻣﺒﺴﻄﺔ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ
ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺷﺮﺍﻑﻳﻠﻲ ﻛﻤﺎ:
ﻣﺜﺎﻝ)3(
X - XX - XXX - X
ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺣﺔ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﺔ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺪﻝ ﺣﺮﻑ:
G:ﻣﻮﻟﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ
U:ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﺫﺍUPS
ﻛﺎﻧ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﻳﻬﻤﻞﺖﺍﺍﶈﻮﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔ)ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ(
ﺭﻗﻢﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀNumberBuilding،ﺍﳌﺸ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﻳﻬﻤﻞﺮﻭﻉ
ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﹰﺎﻣﺆﻟﻔ
ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯﺍﻟﻄﺎﺑﻖ،L01, GF, B01…..
ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻢﰲ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﻳﻬﻤﻞ ،ﻟﻠﻮﺣﺔﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯﻭﺣﻴﺪﺓ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ
24. ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ-ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺲ
23
GF
ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ
ﻳﺪﻝ ﺑﺮﻣﺰ ﻓﺘﺮﻣﺰ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎﺕ ﺃﻣﺎﺍﳉﻬﺎﺯ ﻋﻠﻰ/ﺪﺍﳌﻌﺗﻐﺬﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺓﺍﻟﻠﻮﺣﺔ ﺗﻠﻚﻣﺜﻞ:CHﻟﻮﺣﺔﺗﻐﺬﻳﺔ
ﱪﺍﳌﺩChiller،BRﺮﺍﳊ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﺔ ﻟﻮﺣﺔﺍﻕBurner،ELVﻟﻮﺍﳌﺼﻌﺪ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﺔ ﺣﺔElevator......ﺇﱁ
ﺗﻐﺬﻳﺔ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻣﺜــﻠﺔ:
U - 03 - L01 - 1
ﻣـﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔ ﻣﺼﺪﺭUPS
ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺣﺔﺑﺎﳌ ﺧﺎﺻﺔﺭﻗﻢ ﺒﲎ3
ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯﺍﻷﻭﻝ
ﺍﻟﻠﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻮﺣﺔﰲﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ
ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﳌﻠﺤﻖ ﺍﻧﻈﺮ)5(-ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﳕﻮﺫﺝ
4-4-ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔﻟﻠﻤﺨﻄﻂ:
ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﻫﻲ،ﱢﻬﺎﻠﻛﺷﺎﻗﻮﻟﻴ ﻭﺗﻜﺘﺐﹰﺎﺍﳉﻬﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻣﺎﺍﻟﻴﻤﻴﻨﻴﺔﺃﻭﺍﳉﻬﺔﺍﻟﻴﺴﺎﺭﻳﺔ
ﻟﻠﻤﺨﻄﻂﻣﺎ ﻭﺗﺸﻤﻞﻳﻠﻲ:
4-4-1-ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻔﻴﺔ)ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺸﺔ(ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﱵﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔﻭﲢﻮﻱ ،ﻟﻠﻤﺨﻄﻂ:
ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻭﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻤﻜﻦﺍﳌﺨﻄﻂ؛ﺍﻟ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﺳﻢﻭ ﺪﺍﺭﺳﺔﺷﻌﺎﺭﻫﺎﻗﻴـﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻨـﺎﺀ ﻭﺭﻗـﻢ ﺍﺳﻢ ،
،ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ،ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﺳﻢ ،ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻂ ﺭﻗﻢ،ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺭﻗﻢ،ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻚ ﺍﺳﻢﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ)ﺍﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋـﻲ ﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ(،
ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ،ﻋ ،ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ ،ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻂ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﻋﺪﺩ ،ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱﺇﺻـﺪﺍﺭ ﺗـﺎﺭﻳﺦ ،ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﻨﻮﺍﻥ
ﻭ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻂﺍﻹﺻﺪﺍﺭ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺭﻗﻢ.
4-4-2-ﺍﲡﺎﻩﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝﺍﳉﻐﺮﺍﰲﺍﳌﺨﻄﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ.
4-4-3-ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﻣﺼﻐﺮ ﳐﻄﻂKey Planﺑ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻳﺒﲔﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ
ﺍ ﺇﱃﻣﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺍﶈﻴﻄﺔ ﻷﺑﻨﻴﺔﺗﺴﻤﻴﺎﺕﺍﻟﺸﺎﺭﻉ/ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﺭﻉﺍﳌﺨﻄﻂ ﻟﻘﺎﺭﺉ ﳝﻜﻦ ﲝﻴﺚ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ
ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﳉﻐﺮﺍﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ.
ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺣﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﲏ ﻭﻫﺬﺍﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻐﺬﺍﺓ
ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻭﻻ،ﺍﳌـﺴﺘﻮﻯﻭﺃﻥ
ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﺒﲎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺆﻟﻒ.
25. ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ-ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺲ
24
4-4-4-ﻣﻘﻄﻊﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱﻳﺒﲔ ﻃﺎﺑﻘﻲﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯLevelﺍﳌﺨﻄﻂ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻗﻴﺪﺍﳌﻘﻄﻊ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ،ﻳﻌﻄﻲ
ﻋﻦ ﻓﻜﺮﺓﻋﺪﺩﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﺑﻖﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﺀ.
4-4-5-ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ:ﺫﻛﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩﺍﳌﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺎﺕ/ﺍﳌﺨﻄـﻂ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﳍﺎ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋﻖ
ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻗﻴﺪ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻂ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ،ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﺣﲔ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻟﻠﻌﻮﺩﺓ.
4-4-6-ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻮﺯﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﰲﻭﺍﳌﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎﺕﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ.
4-4-7-ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ:
ﺗﻑﺮﻌﺍﳌﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕﺗﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﱵﺍﳌﺨﻄﻂ ﻋﻠﻰﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﺎﺑﺄﺍﻟﱵﻳ ﻻﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊﺍﳌﺼﻤﻢﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﲑﻋﻨﻬﺎﺑﺎﻟﺮﺳﻢ،
ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎﺗﻠﻚﺍﻟﱵﳝﻭ ﻜﻦﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﳍﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﺿﻊﻭﻣﻦ ،ﻫﺬﻩﺍﳌﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ،ﺍﻟﱵﻜﺘﺐﺗ
ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰﻱ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻂ ﻋﻠﻰﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔ،ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻝ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰﺍﳊﺼﺮ ﻻﻳﻠﻲ ﻣﺎ ،:
-ﳚﺐﱡﺪﻘﺗﻔﻗﻴﻢﺍﻷﲪﺎﻝﺍﳌﺨﻄﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ.ﻭﺍﳌﻼﺣﻈﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺗﺬﻛﺮ ﻣﺎ ﹰﺎﻏﺎﻟﺒﻟﺘﻼﰲ
ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕﺗﻨﺘﺞ ﻗﺪﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻋﻦﺍ ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺩﺓﻟﺪﺍﺭﺱ،ﻟﺌﻼﻳﺆﺩﻱﺫﻟﻚ
ﺧﻠﻞ ﺣﺪﻭﺙ ﺇﱃﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﰲ.
-ﳚﺐﱡﺪﻘﺗﻔﻣﻘﺎ ﲨﻴﻊﻭ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻼﺕ ﻃﻊﻋﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻃﻊ.
-ﳚﺐﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺍﻋﺎﺓﲟﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ ﺆﺳﺴﺔ،ﻭﳚﺐﺃﻥﻳﺘﻮﺍﻓﻖﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ
ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ،ﻭﳚﺐﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﺳﺔ ﺍﳉﻬﺔ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﺩﻋﺖ ﺇﺫﺍﺫﻟﻚ.
ُﻨﺳﻞﺼﻔﺍﳌﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﻫﺬﻩﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﰲ.
4-4-8-ﺍﳊﺎﺳ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻂ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﺴﺎﺭﻮﺏ:
ﻭﺫﻟﻚﺍﳊﺎﺳ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻠﺘﻤﻜﻦﻮﺑﻴﺔ.ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻳﻔﻀﻞﻃﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﺍﺳﻢﺫﻟﻚ
ﻭ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻂﺍﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ،ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﻌﻄﻴﺎﺕ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻷﳘﻴﺔ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ.
ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻂ ﺍﻧﻈﺮEL-XX-XXX–ﳕﻮﺫﺝﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔﳐﻄﻂ ﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ
4-4-9-ﺍ ﺟﺪﻭﻝﺍﳌﺨﻄﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲡﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ:
ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻮﺿﻊﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﻓﻮﻕﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓﻭﺗﺃ ﺘﺮﻙﻋﻤﺪﺓﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔﻣﻦﺃﻋـﻼﻩ.
ﳛﻮﻱﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ:ﻭﺗﻮﺍﻗﻴﻊ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ،ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺳﺒﺐ ،ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ،ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺭﻗﻢﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻴﲔ.
ﺃﻥ ﳚﺐﻳﺤﺎﻁﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞﺍﳌﻌﲏﺍﳌﺨﻄﻂ ﻋﻠﻰﺑﻐﻴﻤﺔCloud،ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺭﻗﻢ ﻭﻳﻮﺿﻊﻣﺜﻠـﺚ ﺿﻤﻦ
ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻂ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﻋﻠﻰﹰﻼﺗﺴﻬﻴﺍﳌﻨﻔﺬ ﻭﺍﳌﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﺱ ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﳌﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ.
ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻂ ﺍﻧﻈﺮEL-GF-301-ﺍﺳﺍﻟﻐﻴﻮﻡ ﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡﻹﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﻇﻬﺎﺭ
26. ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ-ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺲ
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5-ﺍﻟ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﲢﺪﻳﺪﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ:
ﺑﺎ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﳌﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﻫﻲﻻﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﺎﺕ،ﺗﻌﺘـﱪ ﺎﺃ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﺗﻌﻴﻖ ﻻ ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ
ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻻﺳﺘﻜﻤﺎﻝ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ.ﻃﻠﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﻳﻔﻀﻞﻋﻨﺪﺍ ﳌﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻟﻴﺘﺴﲎ ﺑﺎﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺪﺀﻻﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﺎﺕ
ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﻫﺎ،ﻭﻫﺬﻫﻲ ﺍﳌﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﻩ:
5-1-ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﳐﻄﻄﺎﺕ:
ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺗﻈﻬﺮﺍﳌﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕﻟﻸﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺳﺒﺎﺏ:
-ﺍﻹﻧﺎﺭﺓ ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ)ﳐﻔﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺓ(ﻭﺗﻮﺯﻳﻌﻬﺎﺿﻤﻦﻳﺘﻨﺎ ﲟﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒﻣﻊ ﺳﺐﻭ ﺷﻜﻞﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ
ﺗﻮﺿﻊﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ
-ﺃﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﲢﺪﻳﺪﻭﺷﻜﻞﺍﳌﺴ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺑﻼﻃﺔ ﺃﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻣﻊ ﻳﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﲟﺎ ﺍﻹﻧﺎﺭﺓ ﺟﻬﺎﺯﺘﻌﺎﺭ
-ﺗﻨﺴﻴﻖﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﻧﺎﺭﺓ ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ:ﺍﻹﻧﺬﺍﺭ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﺎﺕﺑ،ﺎﳊﺮﻳﻖﳎﺎﻫﲑﻧﻈﺎﻡ
ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺪﺍﺀﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴﻴﻒ ﻓﺘﺤﺎﺕ ،،ﻛﺎﻣﲑﺍﺕﺍﳌ،ﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ...
5-2-ﻓﺮﺵ ﳐﻄﻄﺎﺕﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻜﻮﺭ:
ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﳚﺮﻱﺑﻌﺾﳐﻄﻄﺎﺕﺍﻟﻔﺮﺵ ﺗﻮﺿﻊ ﻣﻊ ﻳﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﲟﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕﻌـﺪﻩﻳ ﺍﻟﺬﻱﻣﻬﻨـﺪﺱ
ﻭ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻜﻮﺭﲟﺍﻟﺰﺑﻮﻥ ﺭﻏﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﻊ ﻳﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺎ،ﰒﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﺱ ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﳜﺘﺎﺭﻭﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎﺕﺍﳌﺂﺧـﺬ
ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻭﻣﺂﺧﺬ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳍﺎﺗﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ)ﺛﻼﺟﺔ،ﻏﺴﺎﻟﺔ،ﻓﺮﻳﺰﺭ،ﻓـﺮﻥ،(.......ﲟـﺎ
،ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻳﺘﻮﺍﻓﻖﻭﻣﻊ ﻳﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﲟﺎﳐﻄﻄﺎﺕﺗﻮﺿﻊﺍﻟﻔﺮﺵﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ.
5-3-ﳐﻄﻄﺎﺕﺍﻟﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ ﻔﺮﺵ:
ﺪِﻌﻳﺍﳌﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕ ﻫﺬﻩﺑﺎ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺺ ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺪﺱﻷﺑﻨﻴﺔﺫﺍﺕﺍﻟﻄﺎﺑﻊﺍﳋﺎﺹﺍﳌﻤﻴﺰ،ﻣﺜﻞﺃﺑﻨﻴـﺔﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣـﻞ ﺍﳌـﺸﺎﰲ
ﻭ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻨﺎﺩﻕﺃﻥ ﳚﺐﲢﻮﻱﺍﳌﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕ ﻫﺬﻩﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣـﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺃﺭﻗﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ
،ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﻜﻞﻟﻴﺘﺍ ﻤﻜﻦﳌﻬﻨﺪﺱﺍﳌﺼﻤﻢﻣﻦﲢﺪﻳﺪﻭ ﺎ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊﺍﻟ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊِﺒﺎﻝﻜﻭﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﺍﳌﺴﺎﺭ
ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺍﻷﻧﺴﺐ.
5-4-ﺍ ﳐﻄﻂﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﳌﻮﻗﻊ:
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﺇﻥﺍﳌﺨﻄﻂ)ﺍﳊﺪﺍﺋﻖ،ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﺭﻉ،ﺍﻷﺭﺻﻔﺔ،ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ﺍﻷﺣﻮﺍﺽﺍﻋﻴﺔ(....ﺗﻔﻴـﺪ
ﰲ ﺍﳌﺼﻤﻢ ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺪﺱﺇﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ.ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦﻫﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﺬﻩ:
-ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕﺍﻟﺘﺄﺭﻳﺾ:
ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﲢﻮﻱ ﻭﻗﺪ:
27. ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ-ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺲ
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-ﺗﺄﺭﻳﺾﻧﻈﺎﻡﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﻋﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻤﺎﻳﺔ.
-ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺭﻳﺾ.
-ﺍ ﺗﺄﺭﻳﺾﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ.
-ﺍﻟﻀﻌﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺗﺄﺭﻳﺾ.
-ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﻭﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﺭِﺒﺎﻝﻛﺍﳌﺒﲎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔ/ﺍﳌﺒﺎﱐ.
-ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﻭﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﺭِﺒﺎﻝﻛﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎ ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕﺍﻟﻀﻌﻴﻒ ﺭ)ﻫﺎﺗﻒ،ﺇﻧﺬﺍﺭﺑﺎﳊﺮﻳﻖ،ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴـﺔ..(..ﺇﱃ
ﺍﳌﺒﲎ/ﺍﳌﺒﺎﱐ.
-ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﺭﻉ ﺇﻧﺎﺭﺓ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ.
-ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺰﻳﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺎﺭﺓ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ.
-ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﳊﺪﺍﺋﻖ ﺇﻧﺎﺭﺓ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ.
-ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ)ﺍﳌﺒﺎﱐ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻧﻈﺎﻡBMSﹰﻼﻣﺜ.(
5-5-ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕﺃﺧﺮﻯ:
-ﺍﳌﺼﻌﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺔ/ﺍﳌﺼﺎﻋﺪElevatorsﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﱂEscalator.
-ﻭﺍﳌﻄﺒﺦ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻐﺴﻴﻞ ﻏﺮﻑ ﲡﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺗﻮﺿﻊ ﳐﻄﻄﺎﺕ.
-ﺍﳌﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺗﻮﺿﻊ ﳐﻄﻄﺎﺕ:ﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕ)ﻭﺷﺎﺋﻊ(ﺍﳍﻮﺍﺀ ﺩﻓﻊfan coil units،split units
،ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴﻴﻒ ﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕchillersﱪﺍﳌﺩﺍﺕ.......
-ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺍﳌﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺗﻮﺿﻊ ﳐﻄﻄﺎﺕﻭﻣﻮﻗﻊﺍﻟﺒﺌﺮ ﻣﻀﺨﺔwell pump.
28. ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ-ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰﻳﺔﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ
27
ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ
ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ
-1ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ:
ﺍ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊﳌﻬﻨﺪﺱﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲﺍﳌﺼﻤﻢﺍﻟﺒﺪﺀﻋﻠﻰ ﹰﺍﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢﺍﳌـﺬﻛﺮﺓ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﻮﻥ ﺭﻏﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺎﺭﺓ
ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻭﺃﺳﺲ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑﻳﺔﺍﺳﺘﻼﻡ ﺑﻌﺪﺍﳌﻌﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔﺍﳌﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺮﻓﻘﺔ)ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔﺍﳌﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕ
ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺔﻟﻠﺒﺪﺀﺑﺎﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ(،ﺍﳌﻌﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕ ﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻷﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ.ﺃﻥ ﳚﺐﺍﳌﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﻳﺒﺬﻝﺍﳌﺼﻤﻢ
ﺟﻬﺪﻩﺗ ﳐﻄﻄﺎﺕ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﰲﺘﺴﻢﺍﻟﺘﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺡ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺴﺎﻃﺔﻣﲔﻳﻜﻮ ﲝﻴﺚﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﻥﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﻮﺭﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ
ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔﹼﻜﲤ ﻭﺍﻟﱵﻣﻦ ﻨﻪﻭﺿﻊﺍﳊﻠﻮﻝﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔﻟﻗ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻠﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞﺪﺍﳌﻨﻔﺬ ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﻳﻮﺍﺟﻬﻬﺎﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ
ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ.ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚﺃﻥ ﳚﺐﻳﻜﻮﻥﺍﳌﻨﻔﺬ ﺍﳌﻬﻨﺪﺱﻋﻠﻰ ﹰﺍﻗﺎﺩﺭﺍ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻓﻬﻢﳌﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕﺇﱃ ﹰﺍﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎﺩﻭﺍﳌﺪ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕﻧﺔ
ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎﺩﻭﻥﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔﺃﻣﻜﻦ ﻣﺎﺇﱃﺍﺳﺘﻔﺴﺎﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺳﺆﺍﻝ ﺃﻱ.
ﺪﻌﺗﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔﺍﳌﻮﺿﺤﺔﹰﺎﺳﺎﺑﻘ،ﻭﳝﻜﻦﻭﺿﻊﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﻣﻴﻢﻷﻣﻦ ﻛﺜﺮﻛﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ
ﻋﻠﻰﳐﻄﻂﹰﺎﻻﺣﻘ ﺳﻨﺮﻯ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ.
ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻋﻨﺪﺍﳌﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕﳚﺐﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﻣﺮﺍﻋﺎﺓ:
-ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﺧﻂﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔﺍﻟﻌﺮﰊFont typeﻣﻦﺃﺣﺪﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﳋﻂ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉﻣﺎ ﻋﺎﺩﺓﺗﻜﻮﻥﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓﺿـﻤﻦ
ﺍﻷﻭﺗﻮﻛﺎﺩ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞﻣﺜﻞ:Simplified Arabic FixedArial, Simplified Arabic,ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻭﰲ
ﺁﺧﺮ ﺧﻂ)ﺒﳏ ﻏﲑ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﺬ(ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻓﻴﺠﺐﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉﺍﳌﺨﻄﻄ ﻣﻠﻒ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳋﻂﺎﺕﺗـﺴﻠﻴﻤ ﻋﻨﺪ،ﻬﺎ
ﺍﻟﻄﺮ ﺑﺎﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﻭﺫﻟﻚﺍﻷﻭﺗﻮﻛﺎﺩ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻳﻘﺔ:
File → eTransmit.... → OK
ﺍﳌﻠﻒ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﰒ/ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﺗﺒﺎﻉﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﱵﻋﻠﻰﺷﺎﺷﺔﺍﳊﺎﺳﻮﺏ.
29. ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ-ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰﻳﺔﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ
28
-ﺑﻴﺎﻥﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ/ﻣﻊ ﺍﻷﺑﻨﻴﺔﻟﻜﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﻴﺰ
-ﻭﺗﺴﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻀﻌﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﺒﻼﺕ ﻭﺻﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﺒﻼﺕ ﺻﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺑﻴﺎﻥﻣﺒﺴﻄﺔ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ.
-ﺗﺮﻣﻴﺰﺍﻟِﺒﺎﻝﻜﻣﺒﺴ ﹰﺍﺗﺮﻣﻴﺰﹰﺎﻄ،ﻳ ﺃﻥ ﻭﻳﻔﻀﻞﺘﻄﺎﺑﻖﺗﺮﻣﻴﺰﺍﻟﻞﺒﹶﻜﺗﺮﻣﻴﺰ ﻣﻊﺍﻟﻠﻮﺣﺔﺍﻟﱵﻳﻐﺬﻳﻬﺎﺫﻟﻚﺍﻟﻞﺒﹶﻜ.
-ﺗﻮﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻓﻖﺍﻟﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺸﺒﻜﺔﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰﻱ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻂ ﰲﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻـﺮ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊﰲﺍﳌﺨﻄﻄـﺎﺕ
ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺑﻘﻴﺔ.
-ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﺍ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱﻟﺮﺳﻢﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺐ:ﻳﺆﺧﺬﹰﺓﻋﺎﺩﺍﳌﻘﻴﺎﺱ1:100ﺃﻭ1:50ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺑﻘﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕ،
ﻭﺍﳌﻘﻴﺎﺱ1:200ﺃﻭ1:500ﻭﺍﳌﻘﻴﺎﺱ ،ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﳌﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕ1:10ﺃﻭ1:20ﺍﻟﻔ ﻟﻠﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ،ﻨﻴﺔﻭﻋﻨﺪ
ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻋﺪﻡﻟﻠﺮﺳـﻢﻛ ،ـﺍﳊ ﻫﻮ ﻤﺎـﺍﳌﺨ ﰲ ﺎﻝـﺍﻟﺮﻣ ﻄﻄﺎﺕـ،ﺰﻳﺔﺗﺬﻛـﻋﺒ ﺮـﺎﺭﺓ
))
ﻻﺭﺳﻢ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ((
( Not To be Scaled ) NTS.
2-ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻮﺯﻭﺍﳌﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﰲ:
ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﻣﻴ ﺑﺈﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺀ ﻗﺒﻞﻻ ،ﻢﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒـﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﲢﻮﻱ ،ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﺱ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺐ ﻟﺪﻯ ﻛﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺪ
ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﳍ ﺍﳌﻤﻜﻦ ﻭﺍﳌﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻮﺯﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﰲ ﺎﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕﺍﻟﻘﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﺭﻭﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕﺍﻟﻀﻌﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﺭ.ﻓﺈﺫﺍﺗﻜﻦ ﱂ
ﻣﺘﻮﻓﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻫﺬﻩﻨﻴﺖﺑﹰﺎﺗﺪﺭﳚﻴﻋﻠﻰ ﹰﺍﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﻳﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﻣﻴﻢﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﺱ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺐ.ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺮ ﻭﻣﻦ
ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻣﻊ ﺃﻭ ﺩﻭﱄ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻥ ﳚﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻮﺯ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺃﻥﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪﻟﺪﻯﺍﳌﻬﻨﺪﺳﲔ ﻧﻘﺎﺑﺔ.
ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻂ ﺍﻧﻈﺮEL- AB-903-ﺍﻟﻭ ﺮﻣﻮﺯﺍﳌﻭ ﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎﺕﺍﳌﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ
ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻓﺈﻥ ،ﻭﺑﺎﳌﺜﻞﲢﻮﻱﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞﺃﻣﺮ ﻫﻮﻻﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﻳﻘﻞ
ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﻋﻦ.
ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻂ ﺍﻧﻈﺮEL-AB-904-ﺑﻌﺾﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔﺍﻟﺮﺃﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﺮ ﻭﻭﺣﺪﺓ
3-ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ)ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺪﻭﻗﻴﺔ(Single line Diagrams S.L.D.:
ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻳﻌﺘﱪﺍﻟﻀﻌﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕLCSLow Current Shaftﺍﻟﺘ ﻭﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕﺍﻟﻘﻮﻱ ﻴﺎﺭ
HCSHigh Current Shaftﻣ ﹰﺍﺟﺰﺀﹰﺎﻬﻤﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ،ﺎﺇ ﺇﺫﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺗﻌﻄﻲ
ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﻋﻦﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞﻳﻛﻞ ﻃﻮﺍﺑﻖ ﻭﻋﺪﺩ ﺃﺑﻨﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺣﺠﻢﺑﻨﺎﺀﺍﻷﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻣﻦ.
ﺍ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻂ ﳛﻮﻱﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻄﻴﺎﺕ ﻟﺮﻣﺰﻱ:
-ﺍﳌﺴ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻮﺯﺘﻌﻤﻠﻭﺍﳌﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎﺕ ﺔﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ،ﺍ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻭﳝﻜﻦﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﳌﻌﻄﻴﺎﺕﺍﻟـﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ
ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﳐﻄﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ،ﻭﻳﻔﻀﻞﺍﳌﺨﻄﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻌﻄﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺿﻊﻧﻔﺴﻪﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺩﺓ ﻟﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔﻣﺒﺎﺷـﺮﺓ
ﳐﻄﻂ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻮﺀ ﺩﻭﻥ/ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﳐﻄﻄﺎﺕ.