Gerunds and infinitives can function as nouns, subjects, objects, or subject complements. Gerunds are formed with the base verb plus "-ing" and can be objects of prepositions. Infinitives are formed with "to" plus the base verb. Some verbs take gerunds or infinitives with no change in meaning, while others have different meanings depending on which is used. The choice of gerund or infinitive also depends on whether the action is ongoing or planned.

3. Gerunds and infinitives can function as: NOUNS ( subjects, objects, subject complements ) As subjects, they take a singular verb. Only Gerunds can be object of the preposition.

4. To form gerunds, use the base form + ing (don’t’ forget the rules for spelling of ing form of verbs) I enjoy learning English To form negative gerunds, use not + gerund Not speaking English well is my biggest problem in this country.

5. Gerunds used as subject of the sentence. Dancing is fun.

6. Gerunds used as objects He enjoys working with children.

7. Gerunds used as object of the preposition I am thinking about taking the children to Mexico.

10. By + gerund You get good grades by studying hard.

11. go + gerund Recreational activities: camping, dancing, sightseeing, swimming, skiing, fishing, jogging, I will go fishing with you tomorrow.

12. Some expressions are used with gerunds Be busy, can’t help, have fun, it’s no use, it’s not worth

13. To form infinitives use to + base form of the verb I want to play.

14. To form negative infinitives use Not + infinitive He decided not to go to play.

15. Infinitives in the subject position To live in the United States is my dream. It is my dream to live in the United States.

17. Adjectives followed by infinitives

18. Infinitive of purpose In order to I came here in order to learn.

19. Gerunds often follow verbs that indicate that an action is happening or has happened. The action expressed by the verb comes at the same time or after the action expressed by the gerund. We enjoy going to concerts. (you can only enjoy things you are doing or have done – not things you haven’t done yet.)

20. Infinitives often follow verbs that indicate that an action will or could happen. The action expressed by the verb comes before the action expressed by the infinitive. We hope to go to the concert. (You can hope for things that could happen not things that have already happened )

21. Verbs that are followed by a noun phrase + infinitive can also be followed by a gerund . The gerund makes it general and the infinitive make specific the person indicated. They allow smoking in the house. They allowed me to smoke in the house.

22. These verbs are: advise allow encourage permit require urge

23. Some verbs can be followed by both gerund or infinitive with no change in meaning. Begin, hate, like, start, love, prefer, continue

24. I like cooking. I like to cook. She started losing weight. She started to lose weight.

25. Some verbs although they can be used after both gerunds and infinitives have a difference in meaning. remember forget regret stop try get

26. She stopped smoking. She stopped to smoke. They forgot buying bread. They forgot to buy bread.

27. Used to Be used to Get used to Used to + base form Be used to + gerund Get used to + gerund

28. Verbs of perception : infinitives: from start to finish Gerunds: in progress I heard the children cry . I saw your friends walking in the park.

29. Infinitive forms are not used after the following verbs of perception: feel see hear smell

30. When a specific performer of the gerund action needs to be indicated, a possessive noun or a possessive determiner is used. I really appreciate Karen’s/her writing that letter for me. Peter’s/his coming late really annoys me.

31. Your neglecting your teeth will cause an earlier return to the dentist. I didn’t like the dog’s barking all night.

32. I don’t mind his leaving early. (formal) I don’t mind him leaving early. (informal)

33. ANY QUESTIONS ???