GATT, WTO, Regional Economic Integration, EU, NAFTA, COMESA, ASEAN, SAARC, MFN

1. International Cooperation Among Nations
How?
What?
WHY?

3. A T T
30 October, 1947
Geneva
Was Effected Till 1994
23 Nation AT The
Beginning
Reduction Of Tariff And
Trade Regulations

4. Mutually Agreeable
Trade Policies

5. A TOTAL OF
ROUNDS

6. Roles &
Benefits
Of
GATT

8. Reduction Of Tariff
And Trade Barriers

9. To Avoid Discrimination Among
International Trade Parties

10. To Form An
International Alliance

11. Encouraged Import
Export Activities

12. Developing Countries Got
Mainstream Marketing
Opportunities

13. T O
January 1995, Geneva,
Switzerland
Every Member Must Strictly
Abide By The Rules
157 Beginning Member Count

15. Breaking Trade Barriers Between
Two Nations

16. Write Down Equal
Rules For Everyone

17. Promote A Steady
Trade Flow

18. Ensuring Transparency

19. Encouraging Economic Competitions

20. ifferences?
TO
ATT
VS

21. Institutional
Entity

22. The Duration of
Existence

23. ATT TO

25. Regional Economic Integration
Promote Free Trade
Remove Tariff And
Non Tariff Barriers
Agreement Between
Groups
Free Flow Of Goods,
Services

26. Y P E S
Free Trade Area
Common
Market
Customs Union
Economic Union

27. Y P E S
Free Trade Area
• Most basic form of economic
cooperation.
• Remove all barriers to trade
among member countries
• Free to independently
determine trade policies with
nonmember nations.
• An example is the North
American Free Trade
Agreement (NAFTA).

28. Y P E S
Customs Union
• Members agree to treat
trade with nonmember
countries.
• Adopts a common external
trade policy. Ex : Andean
Pact
• The Gulf Cooperation
Council (GCC)Cooperation
Council for the Arab States
of the Gulf

29. Y P E S
Common
Market
• Creates economically
integrated markets between
member countries.
• An example is the Common
Market for Eastern and
Southern Africa (COMESA).

30. Y P E S
Economic Union
• Requires a common
currency,
• Harmonization of the
member-countries tax
rates
• a common monetary
and fiscal policy.
• An Example is
European Union

31. • Trade creation
• Employment
opportunities.
• Consensus and
cooperation
• Trade diversion.
• Employment shifts and
reductions
• Loss of national
sovereignty

32. There Are
Types Of
Economic Integration

33. Preferential Tariffs
The parties to a system of preferential tariffs levy
ower rates of duty on imports from one another than
they do on imports from third countries.

35. A Further Stage Is The Customs Union, In Which Free Trade
Among The Members Is Sheltered Behind A Unified
Schedule Of Customs Duties Charged On Imports From The
Rest Of The World.

36. A Common Market Is An Extension Of The Customs Union
Concept, The Additional Feature Being That It Provides For
The Free Movement Of Labor And Capital Among The
Members.

37. The Term Economic Union Denotes A Common
Market In Which The Members Agree To
Harmonize Their Economic Policies Generally.

38. Total Economic Integration Implies The
Pursuit Of A Common Economic Policy By
The Political Units Involved.

39. Impact of Economic Integration
Trade Creation &
Diversion
Dynamic Effect
Prices &
Competition
Economics Of
Scale

40. Trade Creation & Diversion

41. Price And
Competition
•When trade barriers come down,
consumer can buy goods more
cheaply
•Longer the trading areas and higher
the level of integration, the more
competition will be created .

42. D Y N A M I C
E F F E C T
• .
It Brings About A More Efficient Allocation Of
Resources Throughout The Trading Block
Promoting The Growth Of Some Businesses And
Decline The Others,

43. CONOMY OF
SCALE
• Lower Production Costs Resulting From
Greater Production For An Enlarged Market
Is Called Internal Economies Of Scale .

44. M
F
N
ost
avored
ations?

45. Written Agreements Between Countries

46. Status
Level
O
R
O
R

49. Health & Safety

50. Economic Emergency

51. Regional
Integra tin

52. 8 December, 1985, Dhaka
Development of Regional
Economy
8 Host Countries As Of Now
Permanent Diplomatic
Entity

53. SAARCLAW
SAFA
SAF
SAIEVAC
FOSWAL
SCCI

54. Entrance of New Member
Countries
Development of Human
Rights
Broader Policy With
Economic Adaptability
Law Enforcing Contracts

55. Famous
GAAT

56. EU
The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union
of 28 member states that are located primarily in Europe.

57. ASEAN