For M Pharm Cosmetics and Cosmaceuticals

1. CLEANSING AND CARE NEEDS FOR
SKIN , EYE LIDS , LIPS ,
NAIL , SCALP …
Presented by,
Rahul Krishnan.P.R
M.Pharm 2nd semester
Grace College of Pharmacy, Palakkad

2. SKIN CARE PRODUCTS
FACE WASH
 Is a facial care cosmetic used to cleanse the skin .
 Helps to improve skin complexion .
 Helps rejuvenates the skin .
 Helps to control excessive oil.
 Helps to nourish the skin and make the bright and
radient .
 Egs;1.papaya rehydrating face wash
it contains an important enzyme called papain that
helps in natural renewal of skin .makes skin soft, supple
and beautiful.
2.Neem tulsi face wash
3..sandal almond face wash
2

3. CLEANSER
 A cleanser is facial care product that is used to
remove makeup, dead skin cells, oil, dirt, and other
type of pollutants from the skin of the face.
 This helps to unclog pores and prevent skin
condition such as acne .
 A cleanser can be used as part of a skin care
regimen together with a toner and moisturizer
 Eg : charcoal cleanser.
 It is an exclusive skin lightening formula .
 Super absorbency and anti bacterial activity make
an ideal ingredient for oily and acne pore skin type
 It act like magnet to attract and absorb dirt.
 Protect skin against inflammation.
3

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5. 5

6. 6

7. 7

8. MOISTURIZER
 It is a cosmetic preparation used to prevent dryness
in the skin .
 If not moisturized properly ,skin tends to look dull,
dry , flaky , might even cause itching .
 Moisturising products are classified into ;
1.day preparations
2.night preparations
3.hand and body lotions
4.all purpose products
5.barrier creams
8

9.  1.day preparations
 They are light , oil in water emulsions which are
designed to spread easily and rub into skin quickly .
 High quality of stearic acid is used as oil phase .
 Commercial triple pressed stearic acid consist of a
mixture of stearic acid and palmetic acid with a tiny
amount of oleic acid .
 It also contain an emulsifier system including
primary and secondary emulsifiers .
 Primary emulsifiers are used are triethanolamine
and secondary emulsifier used are glyceryl
monostearate
9

10. 2. Night preparations
 Products which are supposed to be left on the skin
over night to provide vital nutrients to the skin which
may have been lost during the day.
 These products like massage creams ,tend to be
water in oil emulsion available as creams and
viscous lotion .
 w/o emulsions are less cosmetically elegant o/w
type because f rubbing them in and leaves a feeling
of stickness on the skin .
 On the other hand its advantage is that the
continuous oil phase has direct contact with the
skin and forms a protective film without a detergent
actions .
10

11.  Traditional night creams were originally based on
beeswax ,borax and mineral oil system
 Today other waxes , vegetable oil and silicon oil can
be used as emollient and co emulsifier such as
quartenary ammonium salt or the volatile silicon
such as cylomethycon
11

12. 12

13. 13

14. 3.Hand and body lotions
 They are similar in formulation to day moisturizers .
 Usually lotions and sometimes aerosols mousses
rather than creams or ease of applications .
14

15. 15

16. 16

17. 4.All purpose creams
 As there name suggest , all purpose cream used as
a moisturizer or a cleansing cream on the face,
hands and the body .
 A simple all purpose cream can be formulated with
plypropylene glycol steryl ether as the emollient
and stabilised with stearyl alcohol and non ionic
emulsifier
17

18. 18

19. 19

20. 5.Barrier creams
 They are protective products .
 in addition , however acting as moistures , they
prevent external material from permeating the skin ,
such as water , defatting solvent, soil and dirt .
20

21. FAIRNESS CREAM
 Also known as whiteners ,skin brighteners , or skin
lighteners cream .
 They work by reducing the pigment called melanin
in the skin .
 This is the most common technique to naturally
lighten darkened skin .
 Helps visibly lighten the hyper pigmentation in the
skin , nourishes skin to bright .
21

22. LIPS
Care needs for lips :
 Donot touch or lick your lip .
 Follow healthy diet
 Stay hydrated by drinking lot of water.
 Remove make .
 Keeps your lips hydrated over night .
 Massage your lips .
 Scrub your lip
 Always carry a lip balm
 Use lipstick when stepping out .
22

23. PIGMENTS USED IN LIP COSMETICS
 INORGANIC
 Ultramarine Violet, Ultramarine blue, Mica, Iron
Oxide Red
 ORGANIC
 Brilliant Lake Red , Deep Maroon,
 OIL SOLUBLE
 Uranine, Alizarine Purple, Quinizarine Green
 WATER SOLUBLE
 Acid Orange 7, Eosine, Uranine
23

24. LIP BALMS
 Lip balm is a wax-like substance you apply to
moisturize and ease pain caused by chapped or dry
lips.
 Due to thin skin, lips are vulnerable and usually
display signs of dryness before other areas of the
skin.
 Lip balm helps protect lips from dry air, wind, and
cold temperatures.
 Besides relieving chapped lips, lip balm provides
other benefits. After applying lip balm you may
notice a glossy effect, which many find alluring.
Furthermore, lip balms come in a variety of different
flavors and pleasant scents. 24

25. LIP BALMS
 Our lips need and deserve special care
 Diferent to other parts of our skin, lips don’t have
sebacious or sweat glands, and are covered only
with a thiny skin
 Due to bad and variable weather conditions (wind,
coldness, dry air, sun, UV radiation…), our lips very
easily loose their moisture and softness
25

26. ADVANTAGES
 Skin heals faster
 avoid the embarrassment of chapped lips ..
They’ll appear suppler
Contains SPF protection too
26

27. DISADVANTAGES
 chapped lips.
 lip rash (if brand contains allergens)
 Some brands contain dangerous ingredients such
as paraffin, petrolatum, dyes, and phenol
 there is a risk of possible infection. Continuous use
of a product may lead to contamination.
27

28.  Lip care balsams with:
 Bees wax
 Vitamines A and E
 UVA and UVB filters
 Avocado oil
 Coconut oil
 Special ingredient(s) for each product
 Appropriate for care and protection of the lips from
cold, wind and sun
 Protect lips from the drainage
 Moisturize and soften the lips
 Appropriate for consumers of all ages
28

29. 29

30. Lip gloss
Lip gloss is a product used primarily to give lips a glossy lustre, and
sometimes to add a subtle color.
It is distributed as a liquid or a soft solid (not to be confused with lip
balm, which generally has medical or soothing purposes) or lipstick,
which generally is a solid, cream like substance that gives off a more
pigmented color.
The product is available in ranges of opacity from translucent to solid,
and can have various frosted, glittery, glossy, and metallic finishes.
CONTENTS
Like lipstick, lip gloss is a mixture of waxes, oils, and pigments.
However, lip gloss contains less pigments, and those used are
often pale in color or diluted (<3%). Furthermore, the free-flowing
nature of the product requires less wax. The principal components
are lanolin, which feels good on the lips due to its moisturizing
qualities and imparts gloss, and polybutene
30

31. TYPES
•Basic lip gloss: adds basic shine to your lips without
color.
•Colored lip gloss: adds a combination of color and
shine.
•Glittery lip gloss: can be with or without color, but has
a glitter base.
31

32. 32

33. Lip liner
•Lip liner, also known as a lip pencil, is a cosmetic product.
•It is intended to fill in uneven areas on the outer edges of the lips
before applying lipstick to give a smoother shape.
•It is also used to outline the lips, keeping lipstick inside the lip area
and preventing it from "bleeding", creating a bigger contrast and
making the lips stand out more.
•Alternatively, lip liner can be used to fill in the entire lip before the
application of lipstick, and in some cases is worn as a lipstick on its
own.
•The product is usually sold in a retractable tube or pencil form
which can be sharpened.
• Lip liner is usually available in the same range of colors as
lipsticks: e.g., reds, pinks, browns, plums, etc.
•Lip liner also comes in invisible, for giving the illusion of smooth lips
without adding or affecting
33

34. INGREDIENTS
Like lipstick, lip liners are composed of waxes, oils, and pigment.
Compared to lipstick, lip liners are firmer in consistency and more
deeply pigmented, making them suitable for drawing on to the lip
with precision. For these reasons, lip liners have less oil but more
wax and pigment than most lipsticks. A popular wax used in the
making of lip liners is Japan wax
34

35. LIP CARE PRODUCTS
LIPSTIC
 Cosmetic products containing oils ,waxes, pigments
,and emollient that apply colour , texture and
protection to lips
 These preparation enhances the appearance of lip
and are non tacky.
 They are made from hydrophobic material .
 When the solid formulates to the lip surface friction
melts its briefly and allow for transfer .
 The materials cools and reforms creating a film that
sticks to surface due to hydrophobic interactions . 35

36. Composition
1. Wax mixture
Gloss and hardness of lipsticks are hardly dependant
on characterisics and quantity of waxes used .
 Wax mixture include
White beeswax
Candelilla wax
Carnauba wax
Ozokerite waxceresin wax
Cetyl alcohol and cetostearyl alcohol
36

37. 2.Oil mixture
Which are required to blend properly with waxes to
provide a suitable film on lips.
Ideal mixture contain ;
Castor oil
Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol and its esters
Fatty acids alkyl amides
Paraffin oil
Isopropyl myristate ,isopropyl palmitate and butyl
stearate
37

38. 3.Bromo mixture
when products having high staining properties
are required, bromo acids are dissolved in polyols
4.Colours
Two types of colouring materials are used in ipsticks ;
They are * staining dyes
* pigments
Main coluring materials in lipsticks are insoluble dyes
and lake colours .
5.Preservatives
Egs; propyl parahydroxy benzoate :it should not be
used over 0.1% because it may cause burning
sensation ,which may trigger off allergic reaction.
38

39. CARE PREPARATIONS FOR EYELID
EYE SHADOW
 Eye shadows are used to give a background of
colour to the eye .
 they are marketed in various shades
 conventional shades are blue ,green , and brown
 They are evening wear.
 They may be either in solid form or liquid paste form .
 Solid form eyeshadow may be powder compact type ,oil
based stick type or pencil type.
 liquid base form of eye shadows may be
oil base paste or emulsion type; o/w or w/o emulsion
type.
39

40. FORMULATION
Eye shadows are formulated in the form of
cream,liquid,powder or stick . Cream may be a
liquefying cream or an emulsion .
CREAM EYE SHADOW
liquifying cream or an emulsion.
Beeswax (bleached) 4%
Spermaceti 9%
Lanolin absorption base 15%
Paraffin 72%
To these bases ,inorganic pigments are added to
produce desired shades. (titanium dioxide, micas,
and oxides.)
40

41. MASCARA
 Mascara is a cosmetic commonly used to enhance
the eyelashes.
 It may darken, thicken, lengthen, and/or define the
eyelashes.
 Normally in one of three forms—liquid, cake, or
cream—the modern mascara product has various
formulas; however, most contain the same basic
components of pigments, oils, waxes, and
preservatives.
41

42. DIFFERENT TYPES OF MASCARA
 Water soluble Mascaras get easily smudged/
flaked & are not long wearing. They can be easily
removed with any basic makeup remover
 Water proof Mascaras don’t get smudged & are
long staying. They are the best bet for summers &
Monsoons. They are hard to remove with ordinary
removers and needs special oil-
based makeup removers. These are highly
processed formulas which stay intact on eyes for
long hours.
42

43.  CLASSIFICATION BASED ON THEIR STATE
 1. Powder Mascara
Powder Mascara is very different from wet and dry mascara. You
add a few drops of water into it and use it with a wand. The
mascara sets to give a false eyelash kind of a finish.
 2. Cream Mascara
 Creamy Mascara provides volume to thin and sparse
eyelashes and adds depth to the eyes. But this can smudge
easily so you will need a special kind of applicator for it.
 3. Liquid Mascara
 These mascaras are easily found and the most common of all
and are mostly used by women who have slightly curled
lashes. It enhances and sharpens the lashes. These are
available in both water resistant and water-soluble variants.
43

44. DIFFERENT FORMULAS OF MASCARAS
 1. Lengthening Mascara
 Lengthening mascara adds length to the existing lashes.
Brushes of most lengthening mascaras have denser
bristles, which allow the mascara to get onto the lashes
especially on the tips.
 .2.Thickening/Volumizing Mascaras
 Volumizing Mascara helps you achieve fuller and thicker
eyelashes as it contains a thicker formula of waxes and
silicone polymers.
 3. Curling Mascara
 Curling Mascaras help to enhance the natural curl of the
lashes. The mascara consistency is a little thicker than
other types of mascaras, which further helps to hold the
curl.
44

45.  4. Lash Defining Mascaras
 Lash Defining Mascara is an all-in-one product that offers
volume and thickness. These are usually available as
waterproof. Owing to its consistency and texture, it spreads
evenly and each eyelash looks separate, fine and beautifully
curled to give which gives volume and thickness, thus offering
a perfect appearance.
 5. Non–Clumping Mascara
 These are the latest addition in the market and contain
glycerin and silk extracts, which give the lashes a neat finish.
The applicators have a longer wand for a deeper finish.
 6. Water Soluble/Regular And Water Proof/ Water
Resistant
 Water soluble Mascaras get easily smudged/ flaked & are not
long wearing. They can be easily removed with any basic
makeup remover.
45

46. FORMULA
 mineral oil
 Lanolin
 Beeswax
 stearic acid
 gum tragacanth
46

47. MANUFACTURE
Anhydrous method
 The ingredients are carefully measured and
weighed. They are then put into a mixing tank or
kettle to make a small batch of 10 to 30 gallons (38
to 114 liters) of mascara. Heat is applied to melt the
waxes, and the mixture is stirred using a propeller
blade. The stirring continues until the mixture
reaches a semi-solid state.
47

48. EYE LINER
 Eye liner or eyeliner is a cosmetic used to define
the eyes. It is applied around the contours of the
eye(s) to create a variety of aesthetic effects.
48

49. TYPES
 1.Liquid Eyeliner
 In liquid form. Applied with help of brush
 2. Gel Eyeliner
 gel eyeliner comes in a pot and is applied with a
small brush. Gel can also be used to create bold
lines and catlike eyes
 3. Eyeliner Pencil (Kohl)
 Comes as a pencil and applied directly to the
eyelid.
49

50. FORMULA
 PHASE A
 Aqua,Glycerin,Magnesium Aluminum Silicate,
Propylene Glycol,Water (and) Carbon Black
Dispersion
 PHASE B
 Stearic Acid, Glyceryl Stearate, Oleylalcohol
 PHASE C
 Titanium Dioxide, Mica
 PHASE D
 Acrylates Copolymer, Dimethicone, Methylparaben
50

51. PROCEDURE
 Weigh in phase A and phase B separately and heat
up to 75°C
 2. Add phase B to phase A while stirring
 3. Add phase C to phase AB stir until homogenous
 4. Cool down to RT and add phase D step by step
while stirring
 5. Stir until homogenous
 6. Fill into an appropriate container
51

52. CARE FOR HANDS
 Wash with a moisturizing hand soap. It’s
important to keep your hands clean, but using an
antibacterial hand soap can dry out your skin.
Instead, wash your hands with a moisturizing soap
that contains hydrating ingredients, such as shea
butter, olive oil, or aloe vera, to avoid stripping the
natural oils from your skin.[1]
 Clean under your nails with a nail brush. Even if
you wash your hands regularly, there may be dirt
and grime under your fingernails that doesn’t rinse
away. While you’re washing your hands, use a
good quality nail brush to gently scrub beneath your
nails and remove any dirt that may be stuck there. 52

53. 
Keep your nails trim and well shaped. You'll have
an easier time keeping your nails clean if you
groom them properly. Use nail clippers to keep
them at a length that you like, and file them with a
crystal nail file or gentle emery board into a neat
shape, such as a square or oval.
 Exfoliate your hands weekly. Use a hand scrub
once a week to buff away the dry, rough skin and
keep your hands soft and healthy. Wet your hands
with lukewarm water, and massage a small amount
of the scrub over both of your hands, working in
circular motions. Rinse it off with warm water, and
apply a hand cream
53

54.  Treat your hands with a mask weekly. Even if you
moisturize your hands daily, they may not get all the moisture
that they need. Use a hand mask once a week to deliver a
super dose of hydration that keeps the skin on your hands soft
and healthy. Apply it to clean, dry hands, and allow it to sit for
the specified time on the packaging. Wash it off with warm
water, and follow up with a hand cream to lock in the moisture.
 Wear gloves when doing chores. Plenty of the tasks that
you have to do around the house can do damage to your
hands. Whether you’re washing dishes, doing yard work, or
working with tools, always put on a pair of protective gloves
first. That will keep your hands from getting dry, cracked, and
callused
 Apply a retinol treatment to dark spots. If your hands have
developed dark spots or other discolorations, the best
treatment is some type of retinol cream. Retinol helps
stimulate the production of new skin cells, so it works well to
fade dark spots. Apply a retinol-based cream to your hands
before bed to keep your hands clear and smooth
54

55.  2. Hand Moisturizer
 Keeping your hands moisturized can turn back the
clock and there are even combined products that
also keep nails healthy too as an added bonus.
Moisturizing hands is especially important in winter
time when harsh weather can leave skin dry and
even cracked.

55

56. 56

57. 57

58. 58

59. HAND SANITIZER
 A hand sanitizer or hand antiseptic is a non-water-based
hand hygiene agent.
 Most are based on isopropyl
alcohol or ethanol formulated together with a thickening
agent such as Carbomer into a gel, or a humectant such
as glycerin into a liquid, or foam for ease of use and to
decrease the drying effect of the alcohol.
 hand sanitizers containing a minimum of 60 to 95%
alcohol are efficient germ killers.
 Alcohol rub sanitizers kill bacteria, multi-drug resistant
bacteria (MRSA and VRE), tuberculosis, and
some viruses (including HIV, herpes, RSV, rhinovirus, va
ccinia, influenza,[25] and hepatitis) and fungi.
59

60.  Hand sanitizers are most effective against bacteria
and less effective against some viruses. Alcohol-
based hand sanitizers are almost entirely ineffective
against norovirus or Norwalk type viruses, the most
common cause of contagious gastroenteritis
60

61. SOAP AND WATER[EDIT]
 One must use soap and warm running water if possible,
and wash all skin and nails thoroughly. However, ash
can substitute soap (see substances above) and cold
water can also be used.
 First one should rinse hands with warm water, keeping
hands below wrists and forearms, to prevent
contaminated water from moving from the hands to the
wrists and arms. The warm water helps to open pores,
which helps with the removal of microorganisms, without
removing skin oils.[35] One should use five milliliters of
liquid soap, to completely cover the hands,[35] and rub
wet, soapy hands together, outside the running water,
for at least 20 seconds.[36] The most commonly missed
areas are the thumb, the wrist, the areas between the
fingers, and under fingernails. Artificial nails and chipped
nail polish harbor microorganisms. 61

62. DRYING WITH TOWELS OR HAND DRIERS
 Effective drying of the hands is an essential part of the hand
hygiene process,.
 A growing volume of research suggests paper towels are
much more hygienic than the electric hand dryers found in
many washrooms. B
 ECAUSE:
 After washing and drying hands with the warm-air dryer, the
total number of bacteria was found to increase on average on
the finger pads by 194% and on the palms by 254%.
 Drying with the jet-air dryer resulted in an increase on average
of the total number of bacteria on the finger pads by 42% and
on the palms by 15%.
 After washing and drying hands with a paper towel, the total
number of bacteria was reduced on average on the finger
pads by up to 76% and on the palms by up to 77%.
62

63.  Add a note on vanishing creams, cold creams etc
63

64. FEET CARE
 1. Washing
Feet skin is most susceptible to bacterial and fungal
infections since it is cloaked in socks and shoes for
a major part of the day, or exposed to dust and
grime. The skin between the toes is a perfect place
for bacterial and fungal infections to flourish if it is
not washed and cleansed properly. It is therefore
very important to soap and wash your feet once
every day to ensure the locked in dirt and sweat is
cleansed off.
64

65.  2. Keeping Them Dry
Athlete's foot is a common fungal infection of the feet which causes
itching, burning, peeling of the skin, and in some cases may also
cause painful blisters. Dampness is a perfect environment for fungal
infections like athlete's foot to thrive. Drying the feet, especially the
area between the toes is very essential after every wash, especially if
you are wearing socks and shoes immediately afterwards.
 3. Moisturising
Don't limit your moisturising routine to just your face and hands. Lack
of moisture can leave your feet skin dry, scaly and chapped. The
chapped skin can then become extremely dry and hard especially on
the heels. This area can then become a magnet for dirt and grime
which will start sticking to it. Chapped heals do not just have an
unseemly appearance but can also be painful. Make sure you apply
a generous dose of moisturizing agent on your feet every day after
washing your feet. Cocoa butter or petroleum jelly can be good
options.
65

66.  4. Removing Jagged Skin
Moisturising dead skin will not serve any purpose. It is
important to remove the dead layer first by exfoliation once
every month. This can be done with pumice stones or loofas,
but mildly. It also helps remove the dirt and grime stuck to the
hardened dead skin. Follow it with a hydrating moisturiser and
leave it overnight.
 5.Occasional Pampering
Leave your feet soaked in warm water for 10 to 15 minutes
twice a month. This helps soften the skin. Then rub the feet
mildly, dry them thoroughly and apply a Vitamin E rich cold
cream. If your feet are susceptible to infections and
inflammations, use an anti bacterial cream.
66

67.  6.Wearing Socks
Wearing socks is not only important to protect you from
the cold but also to protect your feet against
environmental damage. Socks shield the feet against
dust and dirt which might stick to the cream applied on
to the feet. They also protect against UV radiation.
 7. Wearing Comfortable Shoes
Always remember to wear shoes that you are
comfortable in. Avoid wearing tight shoes as this may
lead to skin infections or sores. Also avoid wearing high
heels regularly as this may cause damage to the tissues
and ligaments of your feet.

67

68.  1Thick, Glycerin-Rich Foot Cream That
Penetrates The Toughest Skin
 Dry foot- apply moisturising cream
 For foot fungal- appy antifungal foot creams
68

69. CARE FOR NECK
 we shouldn’t neglect our necks, as they show signs
of aging even more quickly than our faces do—and
between wrinkling, sagging and sun damage (not to
mention the ever-present fear of “tech neck“), we’ve
been thinking a lot more about how to care for this
essential part of the body.
 So we went straight to the source and asked a
dermatologist how we can best protect our necks
69

70.  Sunscreen is crucial.
If you only take one thing away from this story, it’s that
you MUST put SPF on your neck. Over time, pesky,
uncomfortable burns can have some unappealing
cosmetic—not to mention dangerous medical—effects.
“Many people remember to use sunscreen on their
faces but forget their necks,
 Be vigilant about dryness.
Did you know that your neck has fewer sebaceous
glands than the skin on your face? Because of this,
Chwalek says that the neck is more susceptible to
things like dryness and irritation, and is more prone to
scarring. That’s just yet another reason to apply SPF to
protect your neck. She recommends using a daily SPF
of 30 or more and using very gentle cleansers. To make
it even easier, she says you can use a facial SPF on this
area, too.
70

71.  Limit your screen time.
After all, that’s the biggest cause of tech neck.
“Tech neck refers to skin laxity and lines that occur from
looking down at your computer or phone for long periods
of time.
 “Any repetitive movement or contraction of underlying
muscles has the potential to cause skin lines and
wrinkles over time, though some of this is also
determined by genetics and age.”
 Do not over massage you neck.
 A neck massage should last from 10-15 minutes
maximum with a possible break of one or two minutes in
between. Over massaging can strain the neck skin.
71

72.  Apply face wash on the neck while taking a bath.
 Avoid harsh soaps on neck skin. Shower gels which are pH
balanced are fine, though.
A good way to noticeably reduce pores is to rub your neck
and face with ice cubes.
 But be careful so as to not catch cold. Ice cubes rubbed on
the neck for 15 minutes, preferably every day, can help you
lessen any pores on the neck.
 Remember to remove makeup from your neck while
removing your face makeup.
 Neck’s skin is no different than the skin of the face. It also
contains pores. Makeup blocks the pores and obstructs the
skin of the neck to breathe properly. The result is dull and
sagging skin.
72

73. NECK CARE COSMETICS
 Moisturising cream
 Cleansing cream
 Face wash
 Fairness cream
73

74. CARE FOR SCALP
 Don't forget to exfoliate. To help boost the skin cell turnover process, exfoliate your
scalp on a regular basis. If you suffer from dry skin or psoriasis, you may need to
exfoliate two or three times per week; otherwise, exfoliating once weekly is generally
adequate to remove dead skin cells from the surface of your scalp. A small number of
exfoliating shampoos that contain ingredients like white willow extract and salicylic acid
are available on the market. You can also purchase a gentle facial scrub with apricot or
walnut kernels or oil beads that promote mechanical exfoliation and use it as a pre-
treatment before you shampoo.
 Preserve moisture. Many common scalp problems arise from dry skin or are
exacerbated by dehydrated tissue. When you shower and bathe, avoid exposing your
scalp to hot water whenever possible. Instead, use lukewarm water for rinsing, which
allows more of the natural sebum necessary for moisturizing the tissue to remain on
your scalp. Once or twice per week, skip blow-drying and allow your hair to naturally air
dry to give the skin on your scalp a break from the drying heat of your hair dryer
 Massage. Beneath the skin on your scalp is an intricate network of blood vessels that
carry oxygen and vital nutrients to the tissue. Keep the circulation going in your scalp by
massaging the skin when you lather in the bath or shower. Then, once per week, spend
5 to 10 minutes massaging your scalp, using gentle circular motions. For the ultimate
indulgence, consider getting a professional scalp massage.
74

75.  Limit chemical treatments. A great perm, straightening or hair coloring treatment
can improve the look of your hair and boost your confidence, but the chemicals
used in these treatments can dry out and irritate your scalp. Have chemical
treatments performed by a professional to limit damage, and follow their
recommendations for how often to touch up treatments. Also, during any chemical
treatment, be on the lookout for signs of irritation like burning or itching. Should
they occur, notify your stylist immediately.
 Shampoo regularly. For many people, washing your hair once per day is ideal,
though if you suffer from some scalp problems or damaged hair, you may need to
wash less frequently. Cleansing is one of the most important parts of scalp care,
but what you shampoo with is just as important as how often you do it. Rather
than shopping for a shampoo at random, look for brands that have their basis in
natural ingredients or those geared toward your specific scalp problems.
 Protect your scalp from the sun. Skin cancer is the most diagnosed form of
cancer in the United States and often develops on the scalp, which is nearly
always exposed to the sun during your day-to-day activities. When you plan to be
in the sun for long periods of time, wear a hat to protect your scalp. In addition,
consider applying a spray-on broad-spectrum sunscreen to your part or using a
shampoo that contains a sunscreen, which will help protect your scalp from
ultraviolet rays
75

76.  Eat right. A well-balanced diet rich in fruits and
vegetables will help supply the skin of the scalp
with the raw materials necessary to produce new,
healthy cells. Strive for two to four servings of fruits
and three to five servings of vegetables per day. In
addition, include two to three servings of meat,
poultry, fish, eggs and nuts to ensure that your body
has an adequate supply of protein, which is
necessary both for scalp care and a healthy head of
hair.
76

77. CARE PREPARATION FOR SCALP
SHAMPOOS
Earlier soap cake was used for washing the
hair.today, a large population , both men and
women use shampoo for washing the hair and
scalp.
A good shampoo should be able to prform the
following functions;
 It should remove soil,sebum and residue of hair
setting lotions/ dressings from hair and scalp.
 It should produce foam of the degree that will
satisfy the user.
 One of the main functions of the shampoo is t
remove dirt on the hair and scalp.
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78. FORMULATIONS
 SURFACTANTS
different type of surfactants are used they are non
ionic ,cationic ,anionic and ampholytics.
 Anionic surfactants;
alkyl benzene sulphonates
alpha olefines sulphonates
alkyl sulphate
sulphosuccinates
acyl lactylate
78

79.  Non ionic surfactants
Fattyacid alkanolamides
Poly alkoxilated derivatives
Amine oxides
 Amphoteric surfactants
N- alkyl amino acids
Betains
Alkyl imidazolines
79

80.  Additives
 Conditioning agents
Egs; lanolin
Mineral oil
Polypeptides
Egg derivatives
 Viscosity modifiers
electrolytes
Naturalgum
Cellulose derivatives
Carboxy vinyl polymer
 Opacifying and clarifying agents
opacifying agents:fatty alcohol
Clarifying agents:phosphates
80

81.  Preservatives
egs:formaldehyde
Bowicil 200
o Perfumes
herbal ,fruity and floral fragrance.
FORMULA
sodium lauryl sulphate 27%
cocoamido propyl amine oxide 5%
lauramine DEA 1%
Lactic acid 1%
Formaldehyde 0.1%
81

82. CARE PREPARATIONS FOR NAIL
NAIL BLEACHERS AND STAIN REMOVERS
 They are used to whiten the nails and to remove
discolourations.
 This preparations were popular before introduction
of nail lacquers.
FORMULATION
Nail bleachers are generally oxidizing agent like
hydrogen peroxide , sodium perborates .
Zinc peroxide 7%
Talc 23%
Titanium dioxide 20%
Petroleum jelly 25%
Mineral oil 25%
82

83. NAIL LACQURES
 Nail lacqures or nail enamers are theone of the
group of nail cosmetics .
 A nail lacqure should have the followingproperties ;
 It should be harmless to skin and nail
 It should convinient and easy to apply
 It should stable on storage .
 It should form satisfactory film on nail formulation .
83

84. FORMULATION
 Film formers
Egs; cellulose acetate
vinyl polymer
Ethyl cellulose
 Resins
Egs; santolite MHP
satolite MS 80%
 Plasticizers
Egs; castor iol
Camphor
Butyl sterate
 Solvents
Egs: acetone
Ethyl ether 84

85.  Pigments
egs: titanium dioxide
Yellow iron oxide
Iron blue
Iron black
 Suspending agent
Benzyl dimethyl hydrogenated tallow
Ammonium montimorillonite
85

86. FORMULA
methylated spirit 10%
Ethyl acetate 20%
Butyl acetate 15%
Toluene 55%
86

87. CARE FOR UNDER ARM
 Hair Removal
 Shaving: Shaving the right way will eliminate stubble while
preventing ingrown hairs and any possible inflammation.
Remember that hair under there can sometimes grow in
various directions, which means you may have to shave in
more than just one downward motion. Gently exfoliate the
area prior to shaving (your loofah will do or use The Body
Shop Aloe Gentle Exfoliator) and use a conditioning shave
cream for smooth results. (Exfoliation also helps fight off
underarm odor, but more on that later!) For a close and
comfortable shave, be sure to use a fresh blade!
 Waxing: While waxing isn’t the most fun, it’s highly effective
and can leave you hairless for weeks instead of days. Try it at
home if you’re brave (and not the messy type!) or seek the
help of a professional esthetician or wax expert to ditch the
daily stubble.
87

88. DEODOURANT
 A deodorant is a substance applied to the body to prevent body
odor caused by the bacterial breakdown of perspiration in armpits, feet,
and other areas of the body. A subgroup of deodorants, antiperspirants,
affect odor as well as prevent sweating by affecting sweat glands.
Antiperspirants are typically applied to the underarms, while deodorants
may also be used on feet and other areas in the form of body sprays.
Deodorants are often alcohol-based. Alcohol initially stimulates sweating,
but may also temporarily kill bacteria. Other active ingredients in
deodorants include sodium stearate, sodium chloride and stearyl alcohol.
Deodorants can be formulated with other, more
persistent antimicrobials such as triclosan that slow bacterial growth or
with metal chelant compounds such as EDTA. Deodorants may
contain perfume fragrances or natural essential oils intended to mask the
odor of perspiration. In the past, deodorants included chemicals such
as zinc oxide, acids, ammonium chloride, sodium
bicarbonate and formaldehyde, but some of these ingredients were
messy, irritating to the skin or even carcinogenic
88

89. FORMULA
 Water
 Alcohol
 Dimethicone
 Propylene glycol
 PEG
 Fragrance (fruil/ flower oil)
89

90. REFERENCE
 Cosmetics – formulation ,manufacturing and quality
control by P.P. SHARMA 5th edition .
Page no:149- 216,327-348, 497-521,459-481.
 www.wikipedia.com
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91. Thank you…
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