This presentation contains information regarding stuttering (a type of disfluency). Its definition, characteristics, onset and management/intervention.
4. What Differentiates Stuttering from Other
Types of Disfluencies?
1. Disfluency pattern is highly episodic at first then gradually
becomes chronic and consistent.
2. Symptoms can be modified by any number of clinical
manipulations -- helpful for differential diagnosis. e.g.
Adaptation effect (Johnson and Knott, 1937)
3. Distractibility when presented with white noise, speaking in
time to a metronome, singing group recitation, finger
tapping, arm swinging.
4. [bae-baesbaul] [b^-b^-baesbaul]
6. Core Behaviors
Blocks
- typically the last behavior to appear; occurs when
a person inappropriately stops the flow of air or voice
and often the movement of his articulators as well.
(Guitar,2006)
7. Secondary Behaviors
Presence of an apparent struggle to
produce sounds and words that have
little to do with speech production:
jaw tremors, head shaking, eye
closing, or total body gyrations
Absent during fluent
communication productions
11. Onset
may occur at any time during
childhood, from the beginning of
multiword utterances, around 18
months, until puberty, around 11 or
twelve years of age.
most likely to occur between ages 2
and 5 years. (Andrew et al, 1983)
16. Management/Intervention
Reduce the frequency of stuttering
Reduce the abnormality of stuttering
Reduce negative feelings about stuttering and
about speaking
Reduce negative thoughts and attitudes about
stuttering and about speaking
Reduce avoidance
Increase overall communication abilities
Create an environment that facilitates fluency
18. Learn well your grammar,
And never stammer,
Write well and neatly,
And sing soft sweetly,
Drink tea, not coffee;
Never eat toffy.
Eat bread with butter.
Once more don't stutter.
- Lewis Carroll
20. Thank you for listening!
Have a blessed day!
Soli Deo Gloria! :D
Editor's Notes
periods of days, weeks or even months pass between episodes of disfluency. Gradually, the interval shrinks and the problem becomes chronic and consistent. (Cullata & Goldberg, 1995)
Gyrations - circular or spiral motion; revolution ; rotation; whirling.
gyrations
gyrations
– “ talking to his dog until he would fall asleep” - had a stutter as a child and had problems with the letter B. He overcomes it through over-articulation which he turned into a comic device.
Alice in Wonderland - hoped to become a priest but was not allowed to because of his stuttering.