2. 1.RFID
• Radio Frequency Identification
• It uses radio waves to passively identify a tagged object
• several commercial and industrial applications, from
tracking items along a supply chain to keeping track of items
checked out of a library.
• Developed in 1970’s but it is being very active in recent times
because of the advanced technology
• The two basic elements of RFID are : Reader and tag
3. RFID TAGS
• RFID tags is used for automatically identifying a person, a package or an item.
• It can be incorporated into a product, animal, or person for the purpose of identification
• and tracking using radio waves.
• The three basic elements of RFID Tags are:-
1) Antenna:
the purpose of the antenna in an RFID tag is to communicate with the RFID reader.
2) Microchip:
it acts as a storage of RFID tag. It keeps the record of data or identification number.
3) Battery:
some tags contain a battery to power the microchip required for reading/writing
functionalities.
• work by using a microchip and an antenna to receive and transmit information in simple it is an Integrated Circuit(IC)
4.
5. 1)UHF or Ultra-High Frequency tags –
300 MHz to 3GHz
2) HF or High Frequency tags – 3 to 30
MHz
3) LF or Low Frequency tags – 30 KHz
to 300 KHz
RFID TAGS
ACTIVE RFID TAG
SEMI-PASSIVE RFID
TAG PASSIVE RFID TAG
TRANSPONDERS BEACONS HARD TAGS INLAYS
6. Active RFID Tag
It is also known as batter-operated because it uses an onboard
battery as their power supply
It transmits information either 915MHz or 433MHz
It is used to track location
TRANSPONDERS – reader is required to transmit data and it can be
used in aircraft location , access control system
BEACONS – An information ping in every seconds is what beacons
send out and it can be used in oil and gas industry , cargo tracking etc
7. Semi-Passive RFID Tag
It is also known as Batter assisted tag(BAT)
The power supply inside it provides powers only to the part that
holds the data
It first uses backscatter to communicate with the reader and does not
have signal transmitter inside
The range is very shorter and it has improved accuracy, flexibility and
ease of use
It is convenient for laboratory staff
8. Passive RFID Tag
Frequency that is used can affect the range of the tag
Readers scans the passive RFID tag and the energy will be
transmitted
Antenna and the chip gets the information that is relayed back to the
reader
Reader transmitted back to RFID computer program
HARD TAGS – They are made out of hard & durable metal or plastic
and used mainly in jail , prison for checking the presence of people
INLAYS – It is thin and can come in the form of stickers that can be
placed in products.
9. CHARACTERISTICS ACTIVE RFID TAG SEMI-PASSIVE RFID TAG PASSIVE RFID TAG
Battery Yes Yes No
Active transmitter Yes No No
Range 300-750 feet
100 feet
20 feet
Radio interference Yes No No
Storage space High capacity Larger than passive tags Limited
Life span 2-7 years 2-7 years 20 years
Size, weight Highly Expensive Expensive Cheap
10. Applications of RFID
• Medical Application
• Libraries
• Highway toll collection
• Automatic identification and anti-theft vehicles
• Animal tracking
11.
12.
13. 2.WiMAX
• Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
• It is a communication technology for wirelessly delivering high-speed
Internet service to large geographical asset
• WiMAX operates over radio waves on tower-received model
• A single WiMAX tower can provide coverage over about 8,000 square
km
• It also connect to other towers via a line-of-sight microwave link to
broaden coverage further.
• It is a formed to promote and certify compatibility and
interoperability of broadband wireless
• It is created for Metropolitan Area Networks(MAN).
14. D/B Wi-Fi and WiMAX
• Wi-Fi doesn’t cover over larger distance but WiMAX covers far
distance
• Wi-Fi covers radius of several hundred feet, a fixed WiMAX
station can cover a range of up to 30 miles.
• Wi-Fi can be set in home networks and coffee shops, it is
impractical for larger areas but WiMAX can cover over several
miles with a single station.
• WiMAX is also known by its technical name, "IEEE 802.16,"
which is similar to Wi-Fi's technical specification of 802.11.
• We cant replace WiMAX with Wi-Fi but we can use it along with
Wi-Fi
15. IEEE 802.16
• The 802.16a standard for 2-11 GHz is a wireless metropolitan
area network (MAN) technology that will provide broadband
wireless connectivity to Fixed, Portable and Nomadic devices.
• It can be used to connect 802.11 hot spots to the Internet,
provide campus connectivity, and provide a wireless alternative
to cable and DSL for last mile broadband access.
16.
17.
18. 3.SMS
SMS, which stands for Short Message Service, is the text messaging service on
most mobile phones and other mobile devices.
SMS is based on standardized communication protocols to send text messages
from device to device.
SMS is ideal for sending short, text-only messages and up to 160 characters
MMS (Multimedia Messaging Service) is the most common alternative to SMS
and in MMS we can send images, audio and videos
On December 3, 1992, the first SMS text message in history is sent: Neil
Papworth, a 22-year-old engineer, uses a personal computer to send the text
message “Merry Christmas” via the Vodafone network to the phone of a
colleague.
19.
20. SMS Marketing
• Short-term promotions for retail or ecommerce businesses
• Urgent updates about events or customer orders
• Appointment reminders
• Internal alerts
• E-Commerce stores
• Travel agencies
21.
22. Mobile Computing
Mobile Computing is the technology used for transmitting voice and data
through small, portable devices using wireless enabled networks.
Examples are Online delivery systems associated with credit card verification.
The three main components of mobile computing are :-
1) Mobile Hardware
2) Mobile Software
3) Mobile Communication
23. Safety measures in Mobile Computing
• Use strong passwords/biometrics
• Ensure public or free Wi-Fi is protected
• Utilize VPN(Virtual private network)
• Encrypt your device
• Install an Antivirus application
• Update to the latest software
