2. Introduction
Group name: Dream
Group no: 01
Group members:
Rana Ahmed- (PHA-14001)
Mahfujul Hasan- (PHA-14002)
Shahida Yeasmin- (PHA-14005)
Ruma Akter- (PHA-14007)
3. Nutraceutical
• Nutraceutical is a term combining with “nutrition” (a nourishing food
or food component) and “pharmaceutical” (a medical drug)
• It is a food or food product that provides health and medical benefits
including the prevention and treatment of disease.
4. Cardiovascular diseases
• Cardiovascular diseases(CVD) are a classes of diseases that involve
the heart or blood vessels disorders.
• They are include-
• Hypertension
• Angina pectoris
• Arrhythmias
• Congestive heart failure
• Peripheral vascular disease etc.
5. Flavonoids
• Flavonoids block the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) that raises
blood pressure.
Flavonoids
6. • By blocking the "suicide" enzyme cyclooxygenase that inhibit
prostaglandins synthesis thus they prevent platelet stickiness and
platelet aggregation.
• Flavonoids also protect the vascular system and strengthen the tiny
capillaries that carry oxygen and essential nutrients to all cells.
• Sources are Citrus fruits, Onions, apples, tea, broccoli, Berries,
legumes etc.
7. Polyphenols
• Polyphenols present in grapes and in wine alter cellular metabolism
and signaling, which is consistent with reducing arterial diseases.
Phytosterols
• Phytosterols compete with dietary cholesterol by blocking the uptake
as well as facilitating its excretion from the body.
• Phytosterols in diet have the potential to reduce the morbidity and
mortality from cardiovascular disease.
8. Dietary fibers
• Dietary fiber preparations have laxative and cholesterol-lowering
ability that prevention or alleviation of cardiovascular diseases.
Essential fatty acids
• EFAs are required for production and rebuilding of cells, to reduce the
risk of blood clots, help prevent many diseases including arthritis,
arrhythmias and other cardiovascular diseases.
• Fatty acids of the omega-3 present in fish are well established dietary
components affecting plasma lipids and the major cardiovascular
disorders such as arrhythmias.
9. α-Lipoic acid, magnesium, Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), Vitamin C have
calcium channel blocking activity (thus antihypertensive activity).
10. Obesity
• Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has
accumulated to an extent that it may have a negative effect on health.
• People are generally considered obese when their body mass index
(BMI) is over than 30kg/m2.
11. Nutraceuticals roles
• Caloric restriction and increased physical activity has been shown to
be only moderately successful in managing obesity.
• A blend of glucomannan, chitosan, fenugreek, G sylvestre, and
vitamin C in the dietary supplement significantly reduced body weight
and promoted fat loss in obese individuals.
• Nutraceuticals such as curcumin, bottle guard, black gram, green tea
etc. help in reducing LDL and total cholesterol.
12. Diabetes
• Diabetes is a metabolic syndrome where a person suffers from high
blood glucose.
• It is caused due to lack of insulin production or the body cells do not
respond properly to insulin or both.
• The most common forms of
diabetes are type 1 diabetes
(5%), an autoimmune disorder,
and type 2 diabetes (95%).
13. Nutraceutical roles
• Omega-3 fatty acids have been suggested to reduce glucose tolerance
in patients predisposed to diabetes.
• Lipoic acid is a universal antioxidant, now used in Germany for the
treatment of diabetic neuropathy. It is possible that lipoic acid may be
more effective as a long-term dietary supplement aimed at the
prophylactic protection of diabetics from complications.
• Dietary fibers from psyllium have been used extensively both as
pharmacological supplements, food ingredients, in processed food to
aid weight reduction, for glucose control in diabetic patients and to
reduce lipid levels in hyperlipidemia.
14. • Good magnesium status reduces diabetes risk and improves insulin
sensitivity; chromium picolinate, calcium and vitamin D appear to
promote insulin sensitivity and improve glycemic control in diabeties.
• extracts of bitter melon and of cinnamon have the potential to treat and
possibly prevent diabetes.
• Emblica officinalis, fenugreek, green tea anti-oxidant vitamins like
vitamin C and E are act by affecting insulin sensitivity and also
prevent insulin resistance.
15. Cancer
• Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the
potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.
• Characteristics of cancer are
• Cell growth and division absent from the proper signals
• Avoidance of programmed cell death
• Limitless number of cell divisions
• Promoting blood vessel construction
• Invasion of tissue and formation of metastases
16. Nutraceuticals roles
Bioactive compound Source Mechanism
Eugenol Cloves Inhibition of cell proliferation.
Diosgenin Fenugreek Suppresses proliferation of cancerous cells and
inhibits NFκβ activity
Piperine Pepper Inhibition of cell proliferation
Allicin Garlic Induces apoptosis
Beta-carotene, lycopene Tomatoes Induces apoptosis
Quercetin Black tea Induces apoptosis
6-gingerol Ginger Acts as anti-inflammatory and as 5-HT3 receptor
antagonist
