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I C ANALYSIS
BUSHRA AHMAD
M.A. ELT I SEMESTER
16ETM05
WHAT IS IC ANALYSIS
• A tool in structural linguistics
• Immediate - Constituent Analysis
• A system of grammatical analysis
• Analyses sentence structure
• Introduced by Leonard Bloomfield in 1933
• Further developed by Roulon Wells and Zellig Harris
DEFINITION
IC Analysis is:
• a system
• of breaking down sentences
• into their smallest meaningful constituents
• for analysing their structure.
EXAMPLE:
I am giving a presentation
am giving a presentationI
am giving a presentation
am giving a presentation
(give + ing) (present + ation)
FEATURES
• Idea– a sentence is a sequence of components
• Sentence – CONSTRUCTION
• I, am giving a presentation – IMMEDIATE CONSTITUENTS
• I, am, give + ing, a, present + ation – ULTIMATE
CONSTITUENTS
• Order of elements is (usually) unchanged
• IC cuts are (usually) binary
• Isolates the constituents hierarchically
LABELLED IC ANALYSIS
1. Formal Labelling
On the basis of grammatical category/form
Barking dogs seldom bite
Noun Phrase
barking dogs
Verb Phrase
seldom bite
Adjective
barking
Noun
dogs
Adverb
seldom
Verb
bite
2. Functional Labelling
On the basis of the function of the constituents
• Structure of predication (Subject + Predicate)
• Structure of modification (Head + Modifier)
• Structure of complementation (Verbal + Complement)
• Structure of subordination (Subordinator + Dependent
unit)
• Structure of co ordination (Independent unit +
Coordinator + Independent unit)
My friend ate apples and oranges in the morning
Subject
My friend
Predicate
ate apples and oranges in the morning
Head
my
Modifier
friend
Verbal
ate
Complement
apples and oranges in the morning
Head
apples and oranges
Modifier
in the morning
Independent
unit
apples
Coordinator
and
Independent
unit
oranges
Subordinator
in
Dependent
unit
the morning
Modifier
the
Head
morning
LIMITATIONS
• Constructional homonymy
• Ambiguous sentences
• Discontinuous expressions
• A method
• Simply describes, no theory
• A lot of exceptions
THANK YOU

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I c analysis

  • 1. I C ANALYSIS BUSHRA AHMAD M.A. ELT I SEMESTER 16ETM05
  • 2. WHAT IS IC ANALYSIS • A tool in structural linguistics • Immediate - Constituent Analysis • A system of grammatical analysis • Analyses sentence structure • Introduced by Leonard Bloomfield in 1933 • Further developed by Roulon Wells and Zellig Harris
  • 3. DEFINITION IC Analysis is: • a system • of breaking down sentences • into their smallest meaningful constituents • for analysing their structure.
  • 4. EXAMPLE: I am giving a presentation am giving a presentationI am giving a presentation am giving a presentation (give + ing) (present + ation)
  • 5. FEATURES • Idea– a sentence is a sequence of components • Sentence – CONSTRUCTION • I, am giving a presentation – IMMEDIATE CONSTITUENTS • I, am, give + ing, a, present + ation – ULTIMATE CONSTITUENTS • Order of elements is (usually) unchanged • IC cuts are (usually) binary • Isolates the constituents hierarchically
  • 6. LABELLED IC ANALYSIS 1. Formal Labelling On the basis of grammatical category/form Barking dogs seldom bite Noun Phrase barking dogs Verb Phrase seldom bite Adjective barking Noun dogs Adverb seldom Verb bite
  • 7. 2. Functional Labelling On the basis of the function of the constituents • Structure of predication (Subject + Predicate) • Structure of modification (Head + Modifier) • Structure of complementation (Verbal + Complement) • Structure of subordination (Subordinator + Dependent unit) • Structure of co ordination (Independent unit + Coordinator + Independent unit)
  • 8. My friend ate apples and oranges in the morning Subject My friend Predicate ate apples and oranges in the morning Head my Modifier friend Verbal ate Complement apples and oranges in the morning Head apples and oranges Modifier in the morning Independent unit apples Coordinator and Independent unit oranges Subordinator in Dependent unit the morning Modifier the Head morning
  • 9. LIMITATIONS • Constructional homonymy • Ambiguous sentences • Discontinuous expressions • A method • Simply describes, no theory • A lot of exceptions