9. 1920-1949
1ST TO 2ND WORLD WAR
1920 DR.EDWIN JOHN &DR.CHARLES DREW
REVOLUTIONISED STORAGE &DISTRIBUTION OF
BLOOD
1922DR.PERCY LANE OLIVER
BLOOD DONOR SERVICE (VOLUNTEERS ON 24HRS
CALL)
1930 DR.SERGIE YUDINE –CADAVERIC BLOOD TO
HUMANS
10. 1935-ANAESTESIOLOGISTS-STORED CITRATED
BLOOD
1936 DR.DURAN JORDO- BARCELONA BLOOD
TRANSFUSION SERVICE
1937 DR.BERNARD FANTUS
COINED THE TERM BLOOD BANK
COOK COUNTY HOSPITAL IN CHICAGO,IL
1940 DR.CHARLES DREW –PLASMA STORAGE
VIABLE SUBSTITUTE FOR BLOOD
1957 DR.GIBSON STORED FOR 28 DAYS –ACD&SOD.
DEHYDRO PHOSPHATE
11. ESTABLISHED IN
SCHOOL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE, KOLKATTA
BY SIR. UPENDRANATH BRAHMACHARI
CHAIRMAN OF BENGAL RED CROSS SOCIETY
12. Anti coagulation
Refrigeration
1st anti coagulant used sodium citrate
OSWARD HOPE ROBARTSON
IST blood bank
France
World war 1
1939 – KARL LANDSTEINER –Rh blood group
system
W.B.MURPHY 1st used plastic bag to store blood
13. WORLD WAR II
Is there any
suitable
Blood Substitutes
16. ENHANCEMENT OF OXYGEN CARRYING
CAPACITY OF BLOOD
RESTORATION OF BLOOD VOLUME
MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS
TO SUPPLY
PLATELETS
COAGULATION FACTORS
FRESH BLOOD
FFP/APPROPRIATE COMPONENTS
17. 20% LOSS -- NO NEED
20 TO 30% -- PLASMA SUBSTITUTION
>30% LOSS -- BLOOD TRANSFUSION
18. W– WHETHER REQUIRED
H –HOW MUCH REQUIRED
A –ACTUAL COMPONENT REQUIRED
T –TIME OF DURATION &ADMINISTRATION
19. Blood Transfusion
Type of Transfusion :
Whole Blood ;
Blood Component ;
RBC PLT FFP Leukocyte concentrate
Plasma Substitutes ;
Use of whole blood is considered to be a waste of
resources
20. R.B.C MIXED WASHED WITH SALINE
ONE PORTION MIXED WITH ANTI A –SERUM
WHICH CONTAINS ANTI A-ANTIBODY
ONE PORTION MIXED WITH ANTI B-SERUM
WHICH CONTAINS ANTI B- ANTI BODY
DEPENDING ON AGGLUTINATION BLOOD
GROUP IS DETERMINED
21. R.B.C TYPE ANTI-A ANTI-B
O _ +
A + _
B _ +
AB + +
24. FIT DONOR
SCREENED DONOR
COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE PLASTIC BAGS
DONOR ON A COUCH ,RELAXED,B.P CUFF
APPLIED TO UPPER ARM
70MM HG/9.3K PA -80/10.6
15G NEEDLE
MEDIAN CUBITAL VEIN
410 ML OF BLOOD
BAG CONTAINING 75ML OF CPD (CITRATE ,
POTASSIUM,DEXTROSE)
27. SPECIAL REF. 4DEGREES CENTI.+/_2DEG.CEN
HIGHER TEMP –MORE THAN 2HRS –INFECTION
SHELF LIFE OF CPD BLOOD -3WKS
W.B.C RAPIDLY DESTOYED IN STORED BLOOD
PLATELETS AT4DEG CEN.AFEW AFTER 24 HRS
SEPARATED PLT GOOD SURVIVAL EVEN AFTER
72HRS
CLOT. FACTORS 8&5 LABILE
37. Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP)
COAGULATION FACTOR
DEFICIENCIES
1 ML INCREASES 1%
CLOTTING FACTORS
BEING USED AS SOON AS
POSSIBLE
ALBUMIN, HETASTARCH,
CRYSTALLIODS ARE
EQUALLY EFFECTIVE
VOLUME EXPANDER BUT
SAFER THAN FFP
AFTER USE OF 5 U OF RBCS,
MATCHING 2 U OF FFP
38. Plasma Substitutes
DEXTRAN
MOST WIDELY USED
LOW/MIDDLE M.W. (40,000-70,000)
MASSIVE TRANSFUSION COULD IMPAIR
COAGULATION
OCCASIONAL ALLERGIC REACTION
HYDROXYETHYL STARCH FORMULATION
(HES)
MORE STABLE
CONTAINING ESSENTIAL ELECTROLYTES
NO ALLERGIC REACTION
39. BLOOD TRANSFUSION
Technique of Transfusion:
Approach Route:
Peripheral Vein, Center Vein
Filtration before Transfusion :
Velocity of Transfusion :
5-10ml/min
40. BLOOD TRANSFUSION
Attention :
Double Check: Name, Type and Crossmatch
Storage Time: Citrate Phoshate Detrose
Acidic Citrate Detrose
21D, 35D
Pre-heat :
No any other Medication :
Observation during / after Transfusion :
44. ANAPHYLACTIC
REACTIONS :
Reason :
Immuno-reaction : IgE
Hereditary Immunoglobulin : IgA
Treatment :
Administer antihistamines
Administer epinephrine, diphenhydramine,
and corticosteroids :
Support airway and circulation as
45. Transfusion Reactions
Hemolytic transfusion reactions
Burning at the intravenous (IV) line site
Fever, Chills, Dyspnea
Shock
Cardiovascular Collapse
Hemoglobinuria, Hemoglobinemia
Renal Failure
DIC
57. AUTOTRANSFUSION :
No risk of infectious disease transmission
No transfusion reactions
No compatibility testing
Reduced demand on blood bank stores
An immediate source of autologous blood
59. Component Transfusion :
• Saving blood source
• Less likely carrier of transmitted diseases
• Shortage of quality blood
• Greater shelf life than whole blood
• Helping to make blood safer by filtration
• Infusing regardless of ABO type in some blood
products
giving only essential/desired blood component