SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 62
Download to read offline
*Image via Bing
THE PROCESS OF RECEIVING BLOOD/BLOOD
 PRODUCTS INTO ONE’S CIRCULATION
 INTRAVENOUSLY
Blood Transfusion

• History

• Type of Transfusion

• Indication

• Transfusion Reactions

• Autologous transfusion

• Component Transfusion
History and
Significance
First blood transfusion

 LOWER   (1665)
FIRST HUMAN BLOOD TRANSFUSION




   Philip (1825)
Discovery of ABO type


Landsteiner (1900)
World war I




    How to store blood longer?
1920-1949
1ST TO 2ND WORLD WAR
1920 DR.EDWIN JOHN &DR.CHARLES DREW
   REVOLUTIONISED STORAGE &DISTRIBUTION OF
   BLOOD
1922DR.PERCY LANE OLIVER
   BLOOD DONOR SERVICE (VOLUNTEERS ON 24HRS
   CALL)
1930 DR.SERGIE YUDINE –CADAVERIC BLOOD TO
 HUMANS
1935-ANAESTESIOLOGISTS-STORED CITRATED
 BLOOD
1936 DR.DURAN JORDO- BARCELONA BLOOD
 TRANSFUSION SERVICE
1937 DR.BERNARD FANTUS
   COINED THE TERM BLOOD BANK
   COOK COUNTY HOSPITAL IN CHICAGO,IL
1940 DR.CHARLES DREW –PLASMA STORAGE
   VIABLE SUBSTITUTE FOR BLOOD
1957 DR.GIBSON STORED FOR 28 DAYS –ACD&SOD.
 DEHYDRO PHOSPHATE
ESTABLISHED IN




       SCHOOL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE, KOLKATTA
       BY SIR. UPENDRANATH BRAHMACHARI
       CHAIRMAN OF BENGAL RED CROSS SOCIETY
Anti coagulation
Refrigeration
1st anti coagulant used sodium citrate
OSWARD HOPE ROBARTSON
   IST blood bank
   France
   World war 1
1939 – KARL LANDSTEINER –Rh blood group
 system
W.B.MURPHY 1st used plastic bag to store blood
WORLD WAR II




       Is there any
         suitable
        Blood Substitutes
A-B-O SYSTEM


Rh SYSTEM
Blood Transfusion
Successful blood transfusion is relatively recent


                     • Crossmatching

                     • Anticoagulation

                     • Plastic storage container
ENHANCEMENT OF OXYGEN CARRYING
 CAPACITY OF BLOOD
RESTORATION OF BLOOD VOLUME
MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS
TO SUPPLY
  PLATELETS
  COAGULATION FACTORS
  FRESH BLOOD
  FFP/APPROPRIATE COMPONENTS
20% LOSS   -- NO NEED

20 TO 30% -- PLASMA SUBSTITUTION


>30% LOSS -- BLOOD TRANSFUSION
W– WHETHER REQUIRED


H –HOW MUCH REQUIRED


A –ACTUAL COMPONENT REQUIRED


T –TIME OF DURATION &ADMINISTRATION
Blood Transfusion

 Type of Transfusion :
    Whole Blood ;

    Blood Component ;

              RBC PLT FFP Leukocyte concentrate

    Plasma Substitutes ;
Use of whole blood is considered to be a waste of
  resources
R.B.C MIXED WASHED WITH SALINE
ONE PORTION MIXED WITH ANTI A –SERUM
 WHICH CONTAINS ANTI A-ANTIBODY
ONE PORTION MIXED WITH ANTI B-SERUM
 WHICH CONTAINS ANTI B- ANTI BODY
DEPENDING ON AGGLUTINATION BLOOD
 GROUP IS DETERMINED
R.B.C TYPE   ANTI-A   ANTI-B

      O           _        +
       A          +            _
       B          _            +
       AB         +            +
Blood transfusion
CROSS
     MATCHING
DONOR’S R.B.C + RECIPIENTS
SERUM+ COOMB’S REAGENT
FIT DONOR
SCREENED DONOR
COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE PLASTIC BAGS
DONOR ON A COUCH ,RELAXED,B.P CUFF
 APPLIED TO UPPER ARM
70MM HG/9.3K PA -80/10.6
15G NEEDLE
MEDIAN CUBITAL VEIN
410 ML OF BLOOD
BAG CONTAINING 75ML OF CPD (CITRATE ,
 POTASSIUM,DEXTROSE)
PROFESSIONALS
VOLUNTEERS
RELATIVES
AUTODONORS
  ELECTIVE
  EMERGENCY
MOBILE DONORS
PERMANENT
ANAEMIA              AIDS
CERTAIN              BLEEDING
 MEDICATIONS           DISORDERS
MALARIA              CANCER(NOT
PREGNANCY             TREATABLE)
REC EXPOSURE TO       HEPATITIS
 HEPATITIS            SEVERE ASTHMA
RECENT TATTOO        SEVERE HEART
TRANSFUSION           DISEASE
 PREVIOUS 12 MONTHS
SPECIAL REF. 4DEGREES CENTI.+/_2DEG.CEN
HIGHER TEMP –MORE THAN 2HRS –INFECTION
SHELF LIFE OF CPD BLOOD -3WKS
W.B.C RAPIDLY DESTOYED IN STORED BLOOD
PLATELETS AT4DEG CEN.AFEW AFTER 24 HRS
SEPARATED PLT GOOD SURVIVAL EVEN AFTER
 72HRS
CLOT. FACTORS 8&5 LABILE
*Image via Bing
*Image via Bing
CENTRIFUGE




*Image via Bing
REFRIGERATED CENTRIFUGE




*Image via Bing
TRAUMA
HAEMORRHAGE FROM PATHOLOGICAL
 LESIONS
MAJOR OPERATIVE PROCEDURES
SEVERE BURNS
POST OPERATIVELY
PREOPERATIVELY
  CH.ANAEMIA
  APLASTIC ANAEMIA
AS APROPHYLACTIC MEASURE PRIOR TO
 SURGERY IN HAEMORRHAGIC STATES
  THROMBOCYTOPENIA
  HAEMOPHILIA
  LIVER DISEASE
BLOOD COMPONENTS
    AND THEIR
   TRANSFUSION
Red Blood Cells

 Symptomatic anemia (providing

  oxygen-carrying capacity)
 Transfusion trigger

   (HCT<30% ; HB<10g/dl)
 1 Unit increases 3% HCT or 1g/dl

 Shelf life =42 d (1-6 ℃ )
Platelets
   THROMBOCYTOPENIA

      (< 50,000)
   PLATELET

    DYSFUNCTION
   EACH UNIT INCREASE

    5,000 PLTS AFTER 1 H
Granulocytes
PROFOUNDLY GRANULOCYTOPENIA (<500)

SERIOUS INFECTION NOT RESPONSIVE TO

 ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY
Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP)

   COAGULATION FACTOR
    DEFICIENCIES
   1 ML INCREASES 1%
    CLOTTING FACTORS
   BEING USED AS SOON AS
    POSSIBLE
   ALBUMIN, HETASTARCH,
    CRYSTALLIODS ARE
    EQUALLY EFFECTIVE
    VOLUME EXPANDER BUT
    SAFER THAN FFP
   AFTER USE OF 5 U OF RBCS,
    MATCHING 2 U OF FFP
Plasma Substitutes

DEXTRAN
 MOST WIDELY USED
 LOW/MIDDLE M.W. (40,000-70,000)
 MASSIVE TRANSFUSION COULD IMPAIR
  COAGULATION
 OCCASIONAL ALLERGIC REACTION
HYDROXYETHYL STARCH FORMULATION
  (HES)
 MORE STABLE
 CONTAINING ESSENTIAL ELECTROLYTES
 NO ALLERGIC REACTION
BLOOD TRANSFUSION

Technique of Transfusion:
     Approach Route:
              Peripheral Vein, Center Vein
     Filtration before Transfusion :


     Velocity of Transfusion :
              5-10ml/min
BLOOD TRANSFUSION

Attention :
     Double Check: Name, Type and Crossmatch
     Storage Time: Citrate Phoshate Detrose
                           Acidic Citrate Detrose
                           21D, 35D
     Pre-heat :
     No any other Medication :
     Observation during / after Transfusion :
Transfusion Reactions

Febrile Reactions :
    Incidence : 2%

    Chills, Fever 39-40.C

    Headache, Sweatiness

    Nausea, Vomiting, Flushing

    15min-1hr
TRANSFUSION REACTIONS

Febrile Reactions :
     Immuno-reaction :
     Endo-toxins :
     Contamination or Hemolysis :
Treatment :
     Analyze possible reasons :
     Stop Transfusion :
     General Support :
TRANSFUSION REACTIONS

Anaphylactic reactions :
     Urticaria

     Abdominal cramps

     Dyspnea

     Vomiting

     Diarrhea
ANAPHYLACTIC
          REACTIONS :
Reason :
     Immuno-reaction :                   IgE
     Hereditary Immunoglobulin :    IgA


Treatment :
     Administer antihistamines
     Administer epinephrine, diphenhydramine,
      and corticosteroids :
     Support airway and circulation as
Transfusion Reactions
Hemolytic transfusion reactions
  Burning at the intravenous (IV) line site

  Fever, Chills, Dyspnea

  Shock

  Cardiovascular Collapse

  Hemoglobinuria, Hemoglobinemia

  Renal Failure

  DIC
Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions

 Reasons :
      ABO incompatibility

      Rh Incompatibility

      Non-immune Hemolysis

      Immune Hemolysis
Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions

     Treatment :
     Stop Transfusion as soon as reaction is suspected
     Check the name, type and crossmatch
     Urine Exam
     Renal Protection

         (Aggressive Fluid Resuscitation, Furosemide)
     DIC Monitor
Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions

     Prevention :

     Double Check name,type and crossmatch

     Operate carefully and routinely

     Temperature Monitor
IT IS DEFINED AS TRANSFUSION OR INFUSION
 OF WHOLE BLOOD EQUAL TO OR EXCEEDING
 THE PERSONS BLOOD VOLUME WITH IN 24
 HRS PERIOD
MEDICAL EMERGENCIES


MAJOR SURGERY


EXCHANGE TRANSFUSION
PHYSICAL
  HYPOTHERMIA
CHEMICAL
  HYPOCALCEMIA
  ACIDOSIS
  HYPOKALEMIA WITH MET.ACIDOSIS
PHYSIOLOGICAL
  OXYGEN DIS. CURVE TO LEFT
  DEPLETION OF LABILE COAG. FACTORS
  DILUTIONAL THROMBOCYTOPENIA
Transfusion Reactions

Massive transfusion complications:
     Volume Overload

     Congestive Heart Failure

     Tachycardia

     Tachypnea

     Cyanopathy
Massive Transfusion
        Complications:
Reasons :
     Volume Overload

     Heart Functional Failure

    Lung Functional Failure
Treatment :
     Stop Transfusion

     Heart Functional Support

     Diuresis   (Furosemide)
Transfusion Reactions

Contamination:
     Fever

     Shock

     DIC
Reasons :

   Bacterial Contamination
Contamination:

Treatment :
     Stop Transfusion

     Bacterial Exam and Culture

     Antibiotics
Prevention :
     Double Check

     Operate carefully
Transfusion Reactions

Acquired diseases :
     Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C

     HIV

     Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

     Syphilis

     Malaria
AUTOTRANSFUSION :

   No risk of infectious disease transmission

   No transfusion reactions

   No compatibility testing

   Reduced demand on blood bank stores

   An immediate source of autologous blood
Component Transfusion :

Blood Cell :
     Red Blood Cells

                Packed RBC

     White Blood Cells



     Pooled Platelets
Component Transfusion :

• Saving blood source
• Less likely carrier of transmitted diseases
• Shortage of quality blood
• Greater shelf life than whole blood
• Helping to make blood safer by filtration
• Infusing regardless of ABO type in some blood
  products
       giving only essential/desired blood component
Blood transfusion
Blood transfusion
*Image via Bing

More Related Content

What's hot

Blood transfusion and complications
Blood transfusion and complicationsBlood transfusion and complications
Blood transfusion and complicationsPriyadarshan Konar
 
Blood Transfusion
Blood Transfusion	Blood Transfusion
Blood Transfusion Khalid
 
Complications of blood transfusion
Complications of blood transfusionComplications of blood transfusion
Complications of blood transfusionbarhomnk
 
Blood transfusion and its reactions in obstetrics
Blood transfusion and its reactions in obstetricsBlood transfusion and its reactions in obstetrics
Blood transfusion and its reactions in obstetricsmominazulfeen
 
Blood Transfusion (Principles and procedure)
Blood Transfusion (Principles and procedure)Blood Transfusion (Principles and procedure)
Blood Transfusion (Principles and procedure)Boluwatife Afolabi
 
Blood products , transfusion complications
Blood products , transfusion complicationsBlood products , transfusion complications
Blood products , transfusion complicationsIbrahimAlbujays
 
Transfusion reactions and blood products
Transfusion reactions and blood productsTransfusion reactions and blood products
Transfusion reactions and blood productsReyaz Bhat
 
Blood Transfusion: Rethinking who, what and when
Blood Transfusion: Rethinking who, what and whenBlood Transfusion: Rethinking who, what and when
Blood Transfusion: Rethinking who, what and whenSCGH ED CME
 
Blood groups,blood components and blood transfusion By Dr Bimalesh Kumar Gupta
Blood groups,blood components and blood transfusion By Dr Bimalesh Kumar GuptaBlood groups,blood components and blood transfusion By Dr Bimalesh Kumar Gupta
Blood groups,blood components and blood transfusion By Dr Bimalesh Kumar GuptaDrbimalesh Gupta
 
Ppt blood transfusion
Ppt blood transfusionPpt blood transfusion
Ppt blood transfusionNisha Bhimta
 
Blood transfusion
Blood transfusionBlood transfusion
Blood transfusionEneutron
 
Indications and complications of blood transfusion
Indications and complications of blood transfusion Indications and complications of blood transfusion
Indications and complications of blood transfusion abhimanyu_ganguly
 
Blood transfusion skills
Blood transfusion skillsBlood transfusion skills
Blood transfusion skillsCarmina Gurrea
 
L 32 complications of blood transfusion
L 32 complications of blood transfusionL 32 complications of blood transfusion
L 32 complications of blood transfusionFiba Farooq
 

What's hot (20)

Blood transfusion
Blood transfusionBlood transfusion
Blood transfusion
 
Blood transfusion and complications
Blood transfusion and complicationsBlood transfusion and complications
Blood transfusion and complications
 
Blood Transfusion
Blood Transfusion	Blood Transfusion
Blood Transfusion
 
Complications of blood transfusion
Complications of blood transfusionComplications of blood transfusion
Complications of blood transfusion
 
Blood transfusion
Blood transfusionBlood transfusion
Blood transfusion
 
Blood transfusion and its reactions in obstetrics
Blood transfusion and its reactions in obstetricsBlood transfusion and its reactions in obstetrics
Blood transfusion and its reactions in obstetrics
 
Blood transfusion avi
Blood transfusion aviBlood transfusion avi
Blood transfusion avi
 
Blood Transfusion
Blood TransfusionBlood Transfusion
Blood Transfusion
 
Blood Transfusion (Principles and procedure)
Blood Transfusion (Principles and procedure)Blood Transfusion (Principles and procedure)
Blood Transfusion (Principles and procedure)
 
Blood products , transfusion complications
Blood products , transfusion complicationsBlood products , transfusion complications
Blood products , transfusion complications
 
Transfusion reactions and blood products
Transfusion reactions and blood productsTransfusion reactions and blood products
Transfusion reactions and blood products
 
Blood transfusion
Blood  transfusionBlood  transfusion
Blood transfusion
 
Blood Transfusion: Rethinking who, what and when
Blood Transfusion: Rethinking who, what and whenBlood Transfusion: Rethinking who, what and when
Blood Transfusion: Rethinking who, what and when
 
Blood groups,blood components and blood transfusion By Dr Bimalesh Kumar Gupta
Blood groups,blood components and blood transfusion By Dr Bimalesh Kumar GuptaBlood groups,blood components and blood transfusion By Dr Bimalesh Kumar Gupta
Blood groups,blood components and blood transfusion By Dr Bimalesh Kumar Gupta
 
Ppt blood transfusion
Ppt blood transfusionPpt blood transfusion
Ppt blood transfusion
 
Blood transfusion
Blood transfusionBlood transfusion
Blood transfusion
 
Indications and complications of blood transfusion
Indications and complications of blood transfusion Indications and complications of blood transfusion
Indications and complications of blood transfusion
 
Blood transfusion skills
Blood transfusion skillsBlood transfusion skills
Blood transfusion skills
 
Blood transfusion
Blood transfusionBlood transfusion
Blood transfusion
 
L 32 complications of blood transfusion
L 32 complications of blood transfusionL 32 complications of blood transfusion
L 32 complications of blood transfusion
 

Viewers also liked

Transfusion OF blood in anemic animals
Transfusion OF blood in anemic animalsTransfusion OF blood in anemic animals
Transfusion OF blood in anemic animalsYASMEEN AHMED
 
Blood transfusion in Dogs &Cats by Dr.Mahdi Falsafi
Blood transfusion in Dogs &Cats by Dr.Mahdi FalsafiBlood transfusion in Dogs &Cats by Dr.Mahdi Falsafi
Blood transfusion in Dogs &Cats by Dr.Mahdi FalsafiMahdi Falsafi
 
تاريخ مصارف الدم
تاريخ مصارف الدمتاريخ مصارف الدم
تاريخ مصارف الدمEmhemed Tabib
 
01.09.09(b): Complications of Transfusion
01.09.09(b): Complications of Transfusion01.09.09(b): Complications of Transfusion
01.09.09(b): Complications of TransfusionOpen.Michigan
 
Historical aspect of transfusion medicine
Historical aspect of transfusion medicineHistorical aspect of transfusion medicine
Historical aspect of transfusion medicinetashagarwal
 
Blood transfusion
Blood transfusionBlood transfusion
Blood transfusionTty Lim
 
13 f2015 Science and Invention in Restoration England
13 f2015 Science and Invention in Restoration England13 f2015 Science and Invention in Restoration England
13 f2015 Science and Invention in Restoration EnglandRobert Ehrlich
 
Blood Component Therapy
Blood Component TherapyBlood Component Therapy
Blood Component TherapyDr r k Bishnoi
 
Blood & blood products in icu
Blood & blood products in icuBlood & blood products in icu
Blood & blood products in icuimran80
 
Blood Products and Substitutes
Blood Products and SubstitutesBlood Products and Substitutes
Blood Products and SubstitutesNikhil Agarwal
 
Artificial blood seminar
Artificial blood seminar Artificial blood seminar
Artificial blood seminar Mehul Patel
 
Blood and Related products
Blood and Related productsBlood and Related products
Blood and Related productsDiksha Kumari
 
Blood and blood transfusion
Blood and blood transfusionBlood and blood transfusion
Blood and blood transfusionBashir BnYunus
 

Viewers also liked (20)

Adverse Effects Of Blood Transfusion
Adverse Effects Of Blood TransfusionAdverse Effects Of Blood Transfusion
Adverse Effects Of Blood Transfusion
 
Blood transfusion
Blood transfusionBlood transfusion
Blood transfusion
 
Transfusion OF blood in anemic animals
Transfusion OF blood in anemic animalsTransfusion OF blood in anemic animals
Transfusion OF blood in anemic animals
 
Blood transfusion in Dogs &Cats by Dr.Mahdi Falsafi
Blood transfusion in Dogs &Cats by Dr.Mahdi FalsafiBlood transfusion in Dogs &Cats by Dr.Mahdi Falsafi
Blood transfusion in Dogs &Cats by Dr.Mahdi Falsafi
 
تاريخ مصارف الدم
تاريخ مصارف الدمتاريخ مصارف الدم
تاريخ مصارف الدم
 
01.09.09(b): Complications of Transfusion
01.09.09(b): Complications of Transfusion01.09.09(b): Complications of Transfusion
01.09.09(b): Complications of Transfusion
 
Historical aspect of transfusion medicine
Historical aspect of transfusion medicineHistorical aspect of transfusion medicine
Historical aspect of transfusion medicine
 
Blood transfusion
Blood transfusionBlood transfusion
Blood transfusion
 
13 f2015 Science and Invention in Restoration England
13 f2015 Science and Invention in Restoration England13 f2015 Science and Invention in Restoration England
13 f2015 Science and Invention in Restoration England
 
Blood Component Therapy
Blood Component TherapyBlood Component Therapy
Blood Component Therapy
 
Blood & blood products in icu
Blood & blood products in icuBlood & blood products in icu
Blood & blood products in icu
 
DIC
DICDIC
DIC
 
Blood Products and Substitutes
Blood Products and SubstitutesBlood Products and Substitutes
Blood Products and Substitutes
 
Artificial blood seminar
Artificial blood seminar Artificial blood seminar
Artificial blood seminar
 
Blood transfusion
Blood transfusionBlood transfusion
Blood transfusion
 
Blood and Related products
Blood and Related productsBlood and Related products
Blood and Related products
 
Blood and blood transfusion
Blood and blood transfusionBlood and blood transfusion
Blood and blood transfusion
 
Dic
DicDic
Dic
 
Blood transfusion
Blood transfusion   Blood transfusion
Blood transfusion
 
Artificial blood
Artificial bloodArtificial blood
Artificial blood
 

Similar to Blood transfusion

Rational use of blood componenets and Safe blood-2.pptx
Rational use of blood componenets and Safe blood-2.pptxRational use of blood componenets and Safe blood-2.pptx
Rational use of blood componenets and Safe blood-2.pptxZahid Noor Jan
 
Blood Transfusion - Final work.pptx
Blood Transfusion - Final work.pptxBlood Transfusion - Final work.pptx
Blood Transfusion - Final work.pptxSharron Aglobitse
 
Massive Transfusion Protocol + Blood transfusions
Massive Transfusion Protocol + Blood transfusionsMassive Transfusion Protocol + Blood transfusions
Massive Transfusion Protocol + Blood transfusionsDavid Hersey
 
Blood_Transfusion-presentation.ppt
Blood_Transfusion-presentation.pptBlood_Transfusion-presentation.ppt
Blood_Transfusion-presentation.pptTadesseFenta1
 
Blood transfusion & Hemophilia...
Blood transfusion & Hemophilia...Blood transfusion & Hemophilia...
Blood transfusion & Hemophilia...DrARINDAMMONDAL1
 
Blood transfusion By Dr.Syed Alam Zeb
Blood transfusion By Dr.Syed Alam ZebBlood transfusion By Dr.Syed Alam Zeb
Blood transfusion By Dr.Syed Alam ZebSyed Alam Zeb
 
Bloodadministration studentversion
Bloodadministration studentversionBloodadministration studentversion
Bloodadministration studentversiondrmido88
 
Hemostasis, surgical bleeding and transfusion
Hemostasis, surgical bleeding and transfusionHemostasis, surgical bleeding and transfusion
Hemostasis, surgical bleeding and transfusionMae Martinquilla
 
Blood transfusion (2)
Blood transfusion  (2)Blood transfusion  (2)
Blood transfusion (2)SADAFQAYYUM5
 

Similar to Blood transfusion (20)

Rational use of blood componenets and Safe blood-2.pptx
Rational use of blood componenets and Safe blood-2.pptxRational use of blood componenets and Safe blood-2.pptx
Rational use of blood componenets and Safe blood-2.pptx
 
blood transfuson.ppt
blood transfuson.pptblood transfuson.ppt
blood transfuson.ppt
 
Blood transfusion
Blood transfusionBlood transfusion
Blood transfusion
 
Blood Transfusion - Final work.pptx
Blood Transfusion - Final work.pptxBlood Transfusion - Final work.pptx
Blood Transfusion - Final work.pptx
 
Transfusion Therapy
Transfusion TherapyTransfusion Therapy
Transfusion Therapy
 
Massive Transfusion Protocol + Blood transfusions
Massive Transfusion Protocol + Blood transfusionsMassive Transfusion Protocol + Blood transfusions
Massive Transfusion Protocol + Blood transfusions
 
Blood_Transfusion-presentation.ppt
Blood_Transfusion-presentation.pptBlood_Transfusion-presentation.ppt
Blood_Transfusion-presentation.ppt
 
Blood transfusion
Blood transfusion  Blood transfusion
Blood transfusion
 
Blood Transfusions quiz
Blood Transfusions quizBlood Transfusions quiz
Blood Transfusions quiz
 
Blood transfusion & Hemophilia...
Blood transfusion & Hemophilia...Blood transfusion & Hemophilia...
Blood transfusion & Hemophilia...
 
Blood transfusion By Dr.Syed Alam Zeb
Blood transfusion By Dr.Syed Alam ZebBlood transfusion By Dr.Syed Alam Zeb
Blood transfusion By Dr.Syed Alam Zeb
 
Bloodadministration studentversion
Bloodadministration studentversionBloodadministration studentversion
Bloodadministration studentversion
 
Blood Transfusion
Blood TransfusionBlood Transfusion
Blood Transfusion
 
Blood transfusion 1
Blood transfusion 1Blood transfusion 1
Blood transfusion 1
 
Transfusion Medicine
Transfusion MedicineTransfusion Medicine
Transfusion Medicine
 
Transfusion therapy
Transfusion therapyTransfusion therapy
Transfusion therapy
 
Hemostasis, surgical bleeding and transfusion
Hemostasis, surgical bleeding and transfusionHemostasis, surgical bleeding and transfusion
Hemostasis, surgical bleeding and transfusion
 
blood transfusions.pptx
blood transfusions.pptxblood transfusions.pptx
blood transfusions.pptx
 
Blood transfusion (2)
Blood transfusion  (2)Blood transfusion  (2)
Blood transfusion (2)
 
BLOOD TRANSFUSION.pptx
BLOOD TRANSFUSION.pptxBLOOD TRANSFUSION.pptx
BLOOD TRANSFUSION.pptx
 

More from ravichandra matcha

HERNIA TECHNIQUE COMPARISION-REVIEW OF TENSION FREE REPAIRS
HERNIA TECHNIQUE COMPARISION-REVIEW OF TENSION FREE REPAIRSHERNIA TECHNIQUE COMPARISION-REVIEW OF TENSION FREE REPAIRS
HERNIA TECHNIQUE COMPARISION-REVIEW OF TENSION FREE REPAIRSravichandra matcha
 
E POSTER POWER POINT SLIDES FOR RAPUNZEL'S SYNDROME
E POSTER POWER POINT SLIDES FOR RAPUNZEL'S SYNDROMEE POSTER POWER POINT SLIDES FOR RAPUNZEL'S SYNDROME
E POSTER POWER POINT SLIDES FOR RAPUNZEL'S SYNDROMEravichandra matcha
 
Clinical examination of swelling
Clinical examination of swellingClinical examination of swelling
Clinical examination of swellingravichandra matcha
 

More from ravichandra matcha (7)

SLNB
SLNBSLNB
SLNB
 
POSTER2MYTHS& FACTS
POSTER2MYTHS& FACTSPOSTER2MYTHS& FACTS
POSTER2MYTHS& FACTS
 
HERNIA TECHNIQUE COMPARISION-REVIEW OF TENSION FREE REPAIRS
HERNIA TECHNIQUE COMPARISION-REVIEW OF TENSION FREE REPAIRSHERNIA TECHNIQUE COMPARISION-REVIEW OF TENSION FREE REPAIRS
HERNIA TECHNIQUE COMPARISION-REVIEW OF TENSION FREE REPAIRS
 
E POSTER POWER POINT SLIDES FOR RAPUNZEL'S SYNDROME
E POSTER POWER POINT SLIDES FOR RAPUNZEL'S SYNDROMEE POSTER POWER POINT SLIDES FOR RAPUNZEL'S SYNDROME
E POSTER POWER POINT SLIDES FOR RAPUNZEL'S SYNDROME
 
Complications ofulcer surgery
Complications ofulcer surgeryComplications ofulcer surgery
Complications ofulcer surgery
 
Acid base balance
Acid base balanceAcid base balance
Acid base balance
 
Clinical examination of swelling
Clinical examination of swellingClinical examination of swelling
Clinical examination of swelling
 

Recently uploaded

Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxUltra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxDr. Asif Anas
 
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education  and Educational PhilosophyPhilosophy of Education  and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education and Educational PhilosophyShuvankar Madhu
 
The Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentThe Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentXsasf Sfdfasd
 
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
 
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxIn - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxAditiChauhan701637
 
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfHED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfMohonDas
 
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17Celine George
 
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfP4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfYu Kanazawa / Osaka University
 
General views of Histopathology and step
General views of Histopathology and stepGeneral views of Histopathology and step
General views of Histopathology and stepobaje godwin sunday
 
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxPractical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxKatherine Villaluna
 
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17Celine George
 
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptxmary850239
 
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive EducationBenefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive EducationMJDuyan
 
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
 
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfMaximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfTechSoup
 
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptxSandy Millin
 
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17Celine George
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxUltra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
 
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
 
Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education  and Educational PhilosophyPhilosophy of Education  and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
 
The Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentThe Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice document
 
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
 
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxIn - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
 
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfHED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
 
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
 
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfP4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
 
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quizFinals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
 
General views of Histopathology and step
General views of Histopathology and stepGeneral views of Histopathology and step
General views of Histopathology and step
 
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxPractical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
 
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
 
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptx
 
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive EducationBenefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
 
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quizPrelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
 
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
 
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfMaximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
 
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
 
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
 

Blood transfusion

  • 2. THE PROCESS OF RECEIVING BLOOD/BLOOD PRODUCTS INTO ONE’S CIRCULATION INTRAVENOUSLY
  • 3. Blood Transfusion • History • Type of Transfusion • Indication • Transfusion Reactions • Autologous transfusion • Component Transfusion
  • 5. First blood transfusion LOWER (1665)
  • 6. FIRST HUMAN BLOOD TRANSFUSION Philip (1825)
  • 7. Discovery of ABO type Landsteiner (1900)
  • 8. World war I How to store blood longer?
  • 9. 1920-1949 1ST TO 2ND WORLD WAR 1920 DR.EDWIN JOHN &DR.CHARLES DREW  REVOLUTIONISED STORAGE &DISTRIBUTION OF BLOOD 1922DR.PERCY LANE OLIVER  BLOOD DONOR SERVICE (VOLUNTEERS ON 24HRS CALL) 1930 DR.SERGIE YUDINE –CADAVERIC BLOOD TO HUMANS
  • 10. 1935-ANAESTESIOLOGISTS-STORED CITRATED BLOOD 1936 DR.DURAN JORDO- BARCELONA BLOOD TRANSFUSION SERVICE 1937 DR.BERNARD FANTUS  COINED THE TERM BLOOD BANK  COOK COUNTY HOSPITAL IN CHICAGO,IL 1940 DR.CHARLES DREW –PLASMA STORAGE  VIABLE SUBSTITUTE FOR BLOOD 1957 DR.GIBSON STORED FOR 28 DAYS –ACD&SOD. DEHYDRO PHOSPHATE
  • 11. ESTABLISHED IN  SCHOOL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE, KOLKATTA  BY SIR. UPENDRANATH BRAHMACHARI  CHAIRMAN OF BENGAL RED CROSS SOCIETY
  • 12. Anti coagulation Refrigeration 1st anti coagulant used sodium citrate OSWARD HOPE ROBARTSON  IST blood bank  France  World war 1 1939 – KARL LANDSTEINER –Rh blood group system W.B.MURPHY 1st used plastic bag to store blood
  • 13. WORLD WAR II Is there any suitable Blood Substitutes
  • 15. Blood Transfusion Successful blood transfusion is relatively recent • Crossmatching • Anticoagulation • Plastic storage container
  • 16. ENHANCEMENT OF OXYGEN CARRYING CAPACITY OF BLOOD RESTORATION OF BLOOD VOLUME MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS TO SUPPLY  PLATELETS  COAGULATION FACTORS  FRESH BLOOD  FFP/APPROPRIATE COMPONENTS
  • 17. 20% LOSS -- NO NEED 20 TO 30% -- PLASMA SUBSTITUTION >30% LOSS -- BLOOD TRANSFUSION
  • 18. W– WHETHER REQUIRED H –HOW MUCH REQUIRED A –ACTUAL COMPONENT REQUIRED T –TIME OF DURATION &ADMINISTRATION
  • 19. Blood Transfusion Type of Transfusion :  Whole Blood ;  Blood Component ; RBC PLT FFP Leukocyte concentrate  Plasma Substitutes ; Use of whole blood is considered to be a waste of resources
  • 20. R.B.C MIXED WASHED WITH SALINE ONE PORTION MIXED WITH ANTI A –SERUM WHICH CONTAINS ANTI A-ANTIBODY ONE PORTION MIXED WITH ANTI B-SERUM WHICH CONTAINS ANTI B- ANTI BODY DEPENDING ON AGGLUTINATION BLOOD GROUP IS DETERMINED
  • 21. R.B.C TYPE ANTI-A ANTI-B O _ + A + _ B _ + AB + +
  • 23. CROSS MATCHING DONOR’S R.B.C + RECIPIENTS SERUM+ COOMB’S REAGENT
  • 24. FIT DONOR SCREENED DONOR COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE PLASTIC BAGS DONOR ON A COUCH ,RELAXED,B.P CUFF APPLIED TO UPPER ARM 70MM HG/9.3K PA -80/10.6 15G NEEDLE MEDIAN CUBITAL VEIN 410 ML OF BLOOD BAG CONTAINING 75ML OF CPD (CITRATE , POTASSIUM,DEXTROSE)
  • 26. PERMANENT ANAEMIA AIDS CERTAIN BLEEDING MEDICATIONS DISORDERS MALARIA CANCER(NOT PREGNANCY TREATABLE) REC EXPOSURE TO HEPATITIS HEPATITIS SEVERE ASTHMA RECENT TATTOO SEVERE HEART TRANSFUSION DISEASE PREVIOUS 12 MONTHS
  • 27. SPECIAL REF. 4DEGREES CENTI.+/_2DEG.CEN HIGHER TEMP –MORE THAN 2HRS –INFECTION SHELF LIFE OF CPD BLOOD -3WKS W.B.C RAPIDLY DESTOYED IN STORED BLOOD PLATELETS AT4DEG CEN.AFEW AFTER 24 HRS SEPARATED PLT GOOD SURVIVAL EVEN AFTER 72HRS CLOT. FACTORS 8&5 LABILE
  • 32. TRAUMA HAEMORRHAGE FROM PATHOLOGICAL LESIONS MAJOR OPERATIVE PROCEDURES SEVERE BURNS POST OPERATIVELY PREOPERATIVELY  CH.ANAEMIA  APLASTIC ANAEMIA AS APROPHYLACTIC MEASURE PRIOR TO SURGERY IN HAEMORRHAGIC STATES  THROMBOCYTOPENIA  HAEMOPHILIA  LIVER DISEASE
  • 33. BLOOD COMPONENTS AND THEIR TRANSFUSION
  • 34. Red Blood Cells  Symptomatic anemia (providing oxygen-carrying capacity)  Transfusion trigger (HCT<30% ; HB<10g/dl)  1 Unit increases 3% HCT or 1g/dl  Shelf life =42 d (1-6 ℃ )
  • 35. Platelets THROMBOCYTOPENIA (< 50,000) PLATELET DYSFUNCTION EACH UNIT INCREASE 5,000 PLTS AFTER 1 H
  • 36. Granulocytes PROFOUNDLY GRANULOCYTOPENIA (<500) SERIOUS INFECTION NOT RESPONSIVE TO ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY
  • 37. Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP)  COAGULATION FACTOR DEFICIENCIES  1 ML INCREASES 1% CLOTTING FACTORS  BEING USED AS SOON AS POSSIBLE  ALBUMIN, HETASTARCH, CRYSTALLIODS ARE EQUALLY EFFECTIVE VOLUME EXPANDER BUT SAFER THAN FFP  AFTER USE OF 5 U OF RBCS, MATCHING 2 U OF FFP
  • 38. Plasma Substitutes DEXTRAN  MOST WIDELY USED  LOW/MIDDLE M.W. (40,000-70,000)  MASSIVE TRANSFUSION COULD IMPAIR COAGULATION  OCCASIONAL ALLERGIC REACTION HYDROXYETHYL STARCH FORMULATION (HES)  MORE STABLE  CONTAINING ESSENTIAL ELECTROLYTES  NO ALLERGIC REACTION
  • 39. BLOOD TRANSFUSION Technique of Transfusion:  Approach Route: Peripheral Vein, Center Vein  Filtration before Transfusion :  Velocity of Transfusion : 5-10ml/min
  • 40. BLOOD TRANSFUSION Attention :  Double Check: Name, Type and Crossmatch  Storage Time: Citrate Phoshate Detrose Acidic Citrate Detrose 21D, 35D  Pre-heat :  No any other Medication :  Observation during / after Transfusion :
  • 41. Transfusion Reactions Febrile Reactions : Incidence : 2% Chills, Fever 39-40.C Headache, Sweatiness Nausea, Vomiting, Flushing 15min-1hr
  • 42. TRANSFUSION REACTIONS Febrile Reactions :  Immuno-reaction :  Endo-toxins :  Contamination or Hemolysis : Treatment :  Analyze possible reasons :  Stop Transfusion :  General Support :
  • 43. TRANSFUSION REACTIONS Anaphylactic reactions : Urticaria Abdominal cramps Dyspnea Vomiting Diarrhea
  • 44. ANAPHYLACTIC REACTIONS : Reason :  Immuno-reaction :  IgE  Hereditary Immunoglobulin :    IgA Treatment :  Administer antihistamines  Administer epinephrine, diphenhydramine, and corticosteroids :  Support airway and circulation as
  • 45. Transfusion Reactions Hemolytic transfusion reactions Burning at the intravenous (IV) line site Fever, Chills, Dyspnea Shock Cardiovascular Collapse Hemoglobinuria, Hemoglobinemia Renal Failure DIC
  • 46. Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions Reasons :  ABO incompatibility  Rh Incompatibility  Non-immune Hemolysis  Immune Hemolysis
  • 47. Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions Treatment :  Stop Transfusion as soon as reaction is suspected  Check the name, type and crossmatch  Urine Exam  Renal Protection (Aggressive Fluid Resuscitation, Furosemide)  DIC Monitor
  • 48. Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions Prevention :  Double Check name,type and crossmatch  Operate carefully and routinely  Temperature Monitor
  • 49. IT IS DEFINED AS TRANSFUSION OR INFUSION OF WHOLE BLOOD EQUAL TO OR EXCEEDING THE PERSONS BLOOD VOLUME WITH IN 24 HRS PERIOD
  • 51. PHYSICAL  HYPOTHERMIA CHEMICAL  HYPOCALCEMIA  ACIDOSIS  HYPOKALEMIA WITH MET.ACIDOSIS PHYSIOLOGICAL  OXYGEN DIS. CURVE TO LEFT  DEPLETION OF LABILE COAG. FACTORS  DILUTIONAL THROMBOCYTOPENIA
  • 52. Transfusion Reactions Massive transfusion complications: Volume Overload Congestive Heart Failure Tachycardia Tachypnea Cyanopathy
  • 53. Massive Transfusion Complications: Reasons :  Volume Overload  Heart Functional Failure  Lung Functional Failure Treatment :  Stop Transfusion  Heart Functional Support  Diuresis (Furosemide)
  • 54. Transfusion Reactions Contamination: Fever Shock DIC Reasons : Bacterial Contamination
  • 55. Contamination: Treatment :  Stop Transfusion  Bacterial Exam and Culture  Antibiotics Prevention :  Double Check  Operate carefully
  • 56. Transfusion Reactions Acquired diseases :  Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C  HIV  Cytomegalovirus (CMV)  Syphilis  Malaria
  • 57. AUTOTRANSFUSION :  No risk of infectious disease transmission  No transfusion reactions  No compatibility testing  Reduced demand on blood bank stores  An immediate source of autologous blood
  • 58. Component Transfusion : Blood Cell :  Red Blood Cells Packed RBC  White Blood Cells  Pooled Platelets
  • 59. Component Transfusion : • Saving blood source • Less likely carrier of transmitted diseases • Shortage of quality blood • Greater shelf life than whole blood • Helping to make blood safer by filtration • Infusing regardless of ABO type in some blood products giving only essential/desired blood component