A brief overview of PV market globally and regionally is presented and how it has disrupted the current network business model. Energy Storage has become a necessity as penetration of PV in the current network increases and created challenging ramping issues as the daily load curves have changed to what is now popularly called “Duck” curves. The value of energy storage in the network is presented, clearly demonstrating that maximum value is realised at end users, commercial and residential. Battery storage is one of the most practical option. Commercial battery technologies are presented, followed by selected case studies.

1. Midnight Energy Pty Ltd
Solar PV and Battery Storage Systems
Dr Ravinder Soin
EMANZ Conference
Auckland, May 17 2016
1

2. 1. Solar PV – Disruptive Technology (Past,
Present and Future)
2. Why Energy Storage Systems (ESS)?
3. ESS Battery Technologies
4. Case studies
5. Q & A
2

3. Solar PV
1. Solar PV – Disruptive Technology (Past,
Present and Future)
2. Why Energy Storage Systems (ESS)?
3. ESS Battery Technologies
4. Case studies
5. Q & A
3

4. Solar PV – Disruptive Technology
FRV Moore 56MWp Solar
Farm, NSW, Australia
MW Scale PV Projects – increased penetration
4
Q-Cells, 91 MW Germany

5. Distributed Power Systems – Residential and Commercial Roof Top
Behind the meter
Solar PV – Disruptive Technology
5

6. Solar PV – Disruptive Technology
Distributed Power Systems – Residential and Commercial Roof Top
Behind the meter
6

7. Solar PV – Disruptive Technology
Conventional business models are challenged
7

8. Solar PV – Disruptive Technology
Past-Present-Future 1975-2015
Cost 1/164th, Capacity 32,496 fold
8

9. Solar PV – Disruptive Technology
Past-Present-Future Germany 2014-2050
Source: National Geographic Magazine Oct 15, 2015
27% 80%
Linking windy and
Solar rich regions
9

10. Solar PV – Disruptive Technology
Past-Present-Future Spain 2006-2015
Feb 2016 Generation Mix
54.6%
10

11. Solar PV – Disruptive Technology
Past-Present-Future Australia Snapshot Q1-2016
Total installed 4.63 GW
1.5 million homes; National Avg 18% with PV, Max 40%
28%
30%
23%
Australian PV Institute (APVI) Solar Map, funded by the Australian Renewable Energy Agency,
accessed from pv-map.apvi.org.au on 12 May 2016.
11

12. Source: GTM Research
Solar PV – Disruptive Technology
Past-Present-Future Global 2002-2020
12

13. Solar PV – Disruptive Technology
Past-Present-Future – New addition in 2015
Renewable Energy contribution: 53%; including hydro: 62%
13

14. Why Energy Storage Systems (ESS)?
1. Solar PV – Disruptive Technology (Past,
Present and Future)
2. Why Energy Storage Systems (ESS)?
3. ESS Battery Technologies
4. Case studies
5. Q & A
14

15. Consequences of Disruption - Germany
Why Energy Storage Systems (ESS)?
Load ~ 45 GW daytime – Wind >20GW, Solar ~10GWà Conventional power ~10GW
for 15 hours at “half must run” level
Source: www.energy-charts.de
15

16. Why Energy Storage Systems (ESS)?
Consequences of Disruption - California
Source: California ISO
16

17. Consequences of Disruption – California à Camel to Duck
Why Energy Storage Systems (ESS)?
Challenge: Manage the Duck prior to 2020 Targets
Source: http://www.vox.com/2016/2/10/10960848/solar-energy-duck-curve
17

18. Consequences of Disruption – Australia:
similar scenario likely
Why Energy Storage Systems (ESS)?
18

19. Why Energy Storage Systems (ESS)?
Consequences of Disruption
1. Growth of Renewable energy, especially solar PV and wind,
is unstoppable (driven by pollution, climate change, power
shortages and falling costs).
2. Conventional Electricity business model based on fossil
fuels facing death spiral.
3. Higher penetration of renewables in the electrical network
require solutions to minimise variability, stabilise the grid
and ensure reliability across the network (generation to
customer’s end).
Solution
1. Energy storage (electrical and thermal) is a key element
among feasible solutions.
2. Value of storage is more pronounced as costs are falling.
19

20. Flattening the Duck – Two Major Strategies
for high RE – Long Term – Expensive
Why Energy Storage Systems (ESS)?
Inter-regional Grid
Energy Storage
20

21. Flattening the Duck – Supply and Load – Immediate
Why Energy Storage Systems (ESS)?
Targeted efficiency Manage water pumping
Control electric water
heaters
Ice storage for
Commercial AC
Tariff design
Peak oriented
renewables
Demand response
Inter-regional power exchange
Source:RAP_Lazar_TeachingTheDuck2_2016_Feb_2-2
21

22. Source: Clean Energy Group
Why Energy Storage Systems (ESS)?
22

23. Why Energy Storage Systems (ESS)?
1. Solar PV – Disruptive Technology (Past,
Present and Future)
2. Why Energy Storage Systems (ESS)?
3. ESS Battery Technologies
4. Case studies
5. Q & A
23

24. Source: Fraunhofer ISE
ESS Battery Technologies
24

25. ESS Battery Technologies - selected
Salt Water Flow battery –
Deployment
NaS
VRLA – 100-yr Mature Lithium series - Deployment
25

26. Why Energy Storage Systems (ESS)?
1. Solar PV – Disruptive Technology (Past,
Present and Future)
2. Why Energy Storage Systems (ESS)?
3. ESS Battery Technologies
4. Case studies
5. Q & A
26

27. Commercial energy storage system; Annual
energy demand 240MWh/y
2015
Project Name
Project Time
Project
Location
Germany
System
Configuration
PV System 28 kWp, LFP usable storage capacity is
16 kWh.
Energy Storage Systems – Case Studies
Project
Developer
Designed and supplied by ennerquin, Germany
27

28. Application
Maximise self consumption (up to 90%); offsetting
electricity bill.
Energy Storage Systems – Case Studies
28

29. Commercial energy storage system
2015
Project Name
Project Time
Project
Location
Baden-Baden Germany
System
Configuration
PV System 70kWp, Hybrid Inverter 50kW, LFP
storage capacity is 80 kWh.
Energy Storage Systems – Case Studies
Project
Developer
Designed and supplied by GMDE, Shanghai
29

30. Application
Maximise self consumption (up to 85%); offsetting
electricity bill (€ 27-33/kWh, increasing by 5-10%
pa)
Energy Storage Systems – Case Studies
30

31. Commercial energy storage system for office
and warehouse
Nov 2015
Project Name
Project Time
Project
Location
Perth, Australia
System
Configuration
PV System 27 kWp, 30kW Bi-directional Inverter,
LFP storage/usable capacity 30/24 kWh & zero
export control
Energy Storage Systems – Case Studies
Project
Developer
Designed and supplied by Magellan Power,
Australia
31

32. Application
Maximise self consumption, cut electricity bill by
68%.
Energy Storage Systems – Case Studies
Payback period
Tariff L1 (constant): 10 years
Tariff R1 (variable): 6 years
32

33. Rakeedhoo Island PV-Battery-Diesel;
electricity demand 80.3 MWh/y
2016
Project Name
Project Time
Project
Location
Maldives
System
Configuration
PV System 29 kWp, LFP storage capacity 55kWh
(Diesel 60kW)
Energy Storage Systems – Case Studies
Project
Developer
Designed and supplied by ennerquin, Germany
33

34. Energy Storage Systems – Case Studies
Application Diesel Fuel Saving and reduction of CO2
34

35. Energy Storage Systems – Case Studies
Application Diesel Fuel Saving and reduction of CO2
Rakeedhoo Island
PV-Battery-Diesel
35

36. Energy Storage Systems – Case Studies
Net Present Cost (NPC) - LCOE
Rakeedhoo Island PV-Battery-Diesel
36

37. Grid Stability System, TKLN
2013
Project Name
Project Time
Project
Location
NT, Australia
System
Configuration
991kWp, Battery capacity N/A (~30-minute)
Energy Storage Systems – Case Studies
Project
Developer
TKLN Solar, Epuron
37

38. Application
Energy Storage Systems – Case Studies
- Diesel fuel saving (440kL/y)
- High penetration of PV in diesel grid & fast
response frequency and voltage regulation
due to cloud cover
38

39. Energy Storage Systems – Case Studies
Grid Stability System, TKLNProject Name
10-min data
39

40. Utility scale energy storage system
2009
Project Name
Project Time
Project
Location
Reunion Island, France
System
Configuration
1MW/7.2MWh NaS
Energy Storage Systems – Case Studies
Project
Developer
Bourbon Lumiere, Électricité de France (EDF)
40

41. Application
Energy Storage Systems – Case Studies
- Frequency regulation in small island diesel grid
- Increase solar and wind contribution
41

42. Thanks!
Q/A?
42