The document summarizes Edward Herman and Noam Chomsky's propaganda model, which argues that mass media is influenced by five filters - size and profit orientation of media corporations, reliance on advertising, sourcing from elite sources, managing negative responses ("flak"), and anticommunist ideology. These filters shape media in ways that are favorable to the interests of powerful groups and the state. The model was applied to show how propaganda campaigns have historically aligned with elite agendas.

1. A Propaganda Model
Edward Herman and Noam Chomsky
Muhammad Faheem
MS II
Sir Junaid Ghauri

2. A Propaganda Model
Edward Herman and Noam Chomsky
 Role of media
 Educate
 Inform
 Entertain
 Inculcate
 Wealth and major conflicts of class interest
 Fulfill their role requires systematic propaganda
 Now a Day Media looks like free
 Its chained by the elite
Muhammad Faheem

3. A Propaganda Model
Edward Herman and Noam Chomsky
 Manufacturing Consent 1988
 Model focuses on this inequality of wealth and power
 Multilevel effects on mass-media interests and
choices
 The raw material of news must pass through
successive five filters
 Leaving only the cleansed residue fit to print.
Muhammad Faheem

4. A Propaganda Model
Edward Herman and Noam Chomsky
 Even Journalists are convinced on news value.
 System is built in a fundamental way
 Alternative path for news is impossible
Muhammad Faheem

5. A Propaganda Model
Edward Herman and Noam Chomsky
The First Filter
Size, Ownership, and Profit Orientation of the Mass Media
 James Curran and Jean Seaton
 Radical Press emerged in early 19th century
 Working-class audience
 Unified the workers
Muhammad Faheem

6. A Propaganda Model
Edward Herman and Noam Chomsky
The First Filter
Size, Ownership, and Profit Orientation of the Mass Media
 Expensive security bond as a condition for publication
 Imposing various taxes designed
 After 1869 not a single daily was established in
Britain.
 Eclipse of the national radical
Muhammad Faheem

7. A Propaganda Model
Edward Herman and Noam Chomsky
The First Filter
Size, Ownership, and Profit Orientation of the Mass Media
 Industrialization of the press
 Pre-Television news markets were local
Muhammad Faheem

8. A Propaganda Model
Edward Herman and Noam Chomsky
The Second Filter
The Advertising License to do Business
 Advertising serve as a powerful mechanism
weakening the working-class press
 Accomplish what state taxes and harassment failed to
do
 Advertisers acquired a de facto licensing authority
Muhammad Faheem

9. A Propaganda Model
Edward Herman and Noam Chomsky
The Second Filter
The Advertising License to do Business
 Without advertisement newspapers ceased to be
economically viable
 Circulation was supposed to cover the cost
 Advertisement made it below the price of production
Muhammad Faheem

10. A Propaganda Model
Edward Herman and Noam Chomsky
The Second Filter
The Advertising License to do Business
 The advertiser’s choices influence media prosperity
and survival
 Working-class and radical papers have been at a
serious disadvantage
 Readers are not purchasers
 crucial importance of audience “quality”
Muhammad Faheem

11. A Propaganda Model
Edward Herman and Noam Chomsky
The Second Filter
The Advertising License to do Business
 Public-television station WNET lost its corporate
funding
 “Hungry for Profit”
Muhammad Faheem

12. A Propaganda Model
Edward Herman and Noam Chomsky
The Third Filter
Sourcing Mass-Media News
 Symbiotic relationship with powerful sources of
information
 Economic necessity and reciprocity of interest
 The principle of bureaucratic affinity, Mark Fisherman
Muhammad Faheem

13. A Propaganda Model
Edward Herman and Noam Chomsky
The Third Filter
Sourcing Mass-Media News
 Protect from criticisms of bias, they need material that
can be portrayed as presumptively accurate.
 Facilitates to gather
 Advance copies of speeches and forthcoming reports
Muhammad Faheem

14. A Propaganda Model
Edward Herman and Noam Chomsky
The Third Filter
Sourcing Mass-Media News
 Mutual dependency
 The powerful can use personal relationships, threats,
and rewards to further influence the media
 Defense Analyst via ISPR
Muhammad Faheem

15. A Propaganda Model
Edward Herman and Noam Chomsky
The Fourth Filter
Flak and the Enforcers
 “Flak” refers to negative response
 Letters
 Telegrams
 Phone calls
 Lawsuits
 Speeches
Muhammad Faheem

16. A Propaganda Model
Edward Herman and Noam Chomsky
The Fourth Filter
Flak and the Enforcers
 Uncomfortable and costly to the media
 Positions have to be defended within the organization
 Sometimes before legislatures
 Even in courts
 Advertisers may withdraw
Muhammad Faheem

17. A Propaganda Model
Edward Herman and Noam Chomsky
The Fourth Filter
Flak and the Enforcers
 Flak from the powerful can be either direct or indirect
 Government is a major producer of flak
 Assailing, threatening, and “correcting” the media
Muhammad Faheem

18. A Propaganda Model
Edward Herman and Noam Chomsky
The Final Filter
Anticommunism as a Control Mechanism
 Ideology of anticommunism
 Mobilize the populace against an enemy
 Serves as a political-control mechanism
 Exercise a profound influence on media
Muhammad Faheem

19. A Propaganda Model
Edward Herman and Noam Chomsky
The Final Filter
Anticommunism as a Control Mechanism
 Taliban use to torture citizen so human rights were used as a
propaganda tool
 Taliban a hero was also part of the propaganda campaign
 Propaganda campaigns in general have been closely attuned to
elite interests
Muhammad Faheem

20. A Propaganda Model
Edward Herman and Noam Chomsky
Five Filters
 Size, Ownership, and Profit Orientation of the Mass
Media
 The Advertising License to do Business
 Sourcing Mass-Media News
 Flak and the Enforcers
 Anticommunism as a Control Mechanism
Muhammad Faheem