Understanding the Internet of Things Protocols

Your systems. Working as one.
Understanding the Internet
of Things Protocols
Presented By:
Stan Schneider, PhD.

Understanding the IoT Protocols
The Internet of Things
© 2014 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.

2014 Top Tech Trends
• 1) Internet of Things
• The IoT promises to be the
most disruptive technological
revolution since the advent of
the World Wide Web.
Projections indicate that up to
100 billion uniquely
identifiable objects will be
connected to the Internet by
2020, with enormous
technical, socioeconomic,
political, and even spiritual
consequences.

What is the Internet of Things?
• Cisco “Internet of Everything”
– …the latest wave of the Internet -- connecting
physical objects…to provide better safety, comfort,
and efficiency
• IBM “Internet of Things”
– …a completely new world-wide web, one comprised
of the messages that digitally empowered devices
would send to one another. It is the same Internet,
but not the same Web.
• GE “Industrial Internet”
– …convergence of machine and intelligent data…to
create brilliant machines
• RTI “Your Systems. Working as One.”
– …an entirely new utility. As profound as the cell
network, GPS, or the Internet itself. The Internet of
Things and the Intelligent Systems it enables will
fundamentally change our world.

The Future of Intelligent Machines

The OMG’s Industrial Internet Consortium
• OMG manages the IIC
• Goal is to bring standards clarity to
the Industrial Internet
• 5 large company founders, led by GE
• RTI is an IIC launch member & on
OMG board

What Connects the Things?
IoT Standard Protocols

IoT Protocol Taxonomy
• Access
– Link sparse
endpoints
– XMPP
• Process
– Biz intelligence
– Centralized/ESB
– ~100ms
– MQ/AMQP
• Collect
– Collect data
– Hub & spoke
– ~10ms
– MQTT/CoAP
• Control, distribute
– DataBus
– ~0.1 ms
– DDS
Web Services and Business Apps
Devices and Intelligent Systems
Control: DDS
Access:
XMPP, REST Collect:
MQTT, CoAP
Process: AMQP

AMQP: Process Device Data
Advanced Message
Queuing Protocol
(AMQP)

AMQP Queuing Model

XMPP: Access Device Data
Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP)

MQTT: Collect Device Data
Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT)

DDS: Distribute Device Data
Real-Time
Analytics &
Control
Operator HMI
Sensors Actuators
Cloud
Integration
Data Distribution Service (DDS)

DDS: The Software DataBus
• Data centric
– Like a database for
moving data
• Decouples modules
– Like SOA
• Plug and play flexibility
– Like a hardware bus
• Peer-to-peer
performance
– Like streaming protocols
• Standards-based
interoperability
– Like TCP/IP
Data-Centric Messaging Bus
Scalable, high performance, reliable infrastructure
DataBus™

Many Others

What Do the Things Do?
Industrial Internet of Things
Use Cases

Smart Machines in the IIoT
• Defense
• Unmanned Vehicles
• Transportation
• Industrial
• Healthcare
• Energy
• Communications

Critical Energy Infrastructure
• RTI middleware controls the
6.8 GW Grand Coulee Dam
– Largest power plant in North
America
– Fastest-responding major
power source on the Western
Grid
– Requires 24x7 operation
• RTI met the challenges
– Extreme availability
– Wide area communications
– Multi-level routing
– High security
– 300k data values
• RTI system live now

Distributed Power Generation
• Siemens Wind Power
fields farms of 500
turbines with 100m
blades
• DDS enables fast
control within
turbines and
distributed gust
mitigation across the
array
• RTI will also
integrate with
predictive
maintenance and
business diagnostics
• RTI melds real-time
with IT

Smart Grid Distribution and Control
• MicroGrids connect
generation, load, and
storage to optimize
usage and eliminate
traditional grid
infrastructure
• Deploying at Toronto
Hydro
• Connext™ DDS
middleware seamlessly
integrates apps,
enforces security,
merges NI LabVIEW

Asset Tracking: Fit to Architecture
• The US Army Blue Force
Tracker (JBC-P) must
process 200,000+ tracks.
• Transactional design was:
– 1.5m SLOC
– 12,000 tracks
– 11 servers w/88 cores
• The DDS design is:
– 50k SLOC
– 250,000 tracks
– 80% of a single core
– Fully redundant
– Reliable multicast

Mining: Harsh Environment
• Joy Mining is the
world’s largest
mining equipment
manufacturer
• DDS connects the
controller, operator
GUI, and historian
• Reliable, fast
connectivity enables
control, debugging,
and system health
monitoring for
continuous mining

EMS: Device Integration
• The largest EMS
equipment provider
will use DDS for their
entire product line…for
the next 20 years
• Provides emergency
response equipment
to 60% of the world’s
emergency vehicles
• DDS middleware
provides easy
connectivity,
performance,
reliability, medical
certification option

EMS: Cloud Integration
Connecting devices with hospitals to provide better treatment while en-route
4G/LTE

Medical Imaging
• Coordination
– ECG sync
– Generator
– Scanner
– Power
– Servo
• Burst image data
acquisition
• Control & monitoring
– Systems ready for scan
– Status during scan
• Operator interface
• Integration
– Many languages, OS, data
models
– Data archiving

Device Connection for Patient Safety
• Hospital error is
the 6th leading
cause of
preventable death
• DocBox integrates
devices to
improve patient
safety
• RTI Connext ties
together devices,
services, and
displays in real
time
“RTI Connext DDS met all our needs – whether
we’re handling 12 patients, or 200.”
-- DocBox Founder, Tracy Rausch

Hospital: System of Systems Integration
• Hospital net challenge
– 1000s of patients, >100k
devices
– Wired/wireless/ISM
– Moving patients
– 100% uptime, security
– Real-time waveforms
• DDS technology
– Data centric addressing
– Smart data filtering
– Routed deployment
– Optimized updates
– Automated test harness

Smart Cars
• The VW Driver Assistance
and Integrated Safety
system combines radars,
laser range finders, and
video to assist safe
operation
• It helps avoid obstacles,
detect lane departures,
track eye activity, and safely
negotiate bends
• Advanced safety systems
must connect to existing
hardware. RTI middleware
bridges high speed
networking to the CAN bus

Distributed Test
• A modern car contains
100+ CPUs
• Audi uses hardware-in-
the-loop simulation to
feed realistic data to
components in a lab
for testing
• RTI middleware
enables a modular test
environment that
scales to work with
hundreds of devices

Pilotless Airplanes
• RTI leads in defining
a standard
architectures for
unmanned vehicles
and avionics
• RTI chairs the
architecture for UCS
(ground stations)
and is key at FACE
(avionics)
• RTI is building a
DO178C-level A
safety-certified DDS

Air Traffic Control: 24x7 Operation
DDS was selected for its extensive
compliance with the Object
Management Group (OMG) DDS
standard; its high security rating;
its wide support of tools and
programming languages, and its
reputation for performance,
scalability, and 24/7 reliability
– Sid Koslow, Chief Technology
Officer, NAV CANADA.
Air Traffic Control for Canada
2nd largest ANSP in the world
80 sites

How to Choose?
Picking an Architecture

Types of Middleware
Point-to-Point Client/Server
Brokered
ESB
Daemon
Publish/Subscribe
Data-Centric
Publish/Subscribe (DCPS)
Data-Centric
DataBus
Queuing

How to Choose?

Identify Your Primary Challenge
Web Services and Business Apps
Devices and Intelligent Systems
Control: DDS
Access:
XMPP, REST Collect:
MQTT, CoAP
Process: AMQP

Choose MQTT If…
• Think of it as collection?
• Little device-device communications?
• Large number of devices?
• Very small devices?
• 3 or 4 => MQTT
Collect:
MQTT, CoAP

Choose AMQP If…
• Distributing work, not information?
• Just send A to B?
• Speed & CPU use not important?
• Can’t lose anything?
• 3 or 4 => AMQP
Process: AMQP

Choose XMPP/REST If…
• Use the word “my”?
• Few connectivity points in large space?
• Speed & CPU use not important?
• “Always” connected?
• 3 or 4 => XMPP or REST

Choose DDS If…
• Disaster if offline for 5 minutes?
• Measure performance in ms or us? Or scale
>100+ applications? Or 10k+ data values?
• Code actively developed for >3 yrs?
• 2 or 3 => DDS
Control: DDS

Unit DataBus
Unit DataBus
Extend End-to-End
• Connect…
– Fast
– Seamless
– QoS controlled
– Secure
– Data centric
• …80 Platforms…
– Micro controllers
– Certified systems
– Embedded
– Mobile
– Desktop
– Cloud
• …over 12 Transports
– UDP or TCP
– D/TLS (secure)
– Wireless or wired
– Shared memory
– Backplane
– Cloud virtual connect
Intelligent
Machines
Intelligent
Systems
Intelligent
Industrial
Internet
Cloud DataBus
Site DataBus
Intelligent
System of
Systems
Unit DataBus
Sense Act
Think HMI
Machine DataBus
Think HMI
Machine DataBus
Sense Act
Think HMI
Machine DataBus

Strive For: One Logical Dataspace…
DDS DataBus
Sensors Actuators
Analytics &
Control
HMI/UI
IT, Cloud & SoS
Connectivity

…Hiding Complex Network Topologies
ActuatorsSensors
Analytics,
control
HMI
ActuatorsSensors
Analytics,
control
HMI
ActuatorsSensors
Analytics,
control
HMI
Analytics,
control
HMI
Centralized analytics
Decentralized devices, streaming analytics and control

Integrate to Complete System
• Routing
Technologies
– ESBs (Camel)
– Real-Time
(DDS Routing
Service)
MQTT
Web
Field
Busses
AMQPJMS
TCP
Routing Service
Pluggable Adapters
Transformation Engine
Database Historian
DDS Databus
DDS Databus

Example Protocol Challenges in Power
Grid Control
Optimize BillingBalance Grid
Collect
Meter Data Turn My
Lights
Off
Manage Loading
Distributed Control
SCADA Control
Device Service
REST CoAP

Conclusions
• The IoT is Huge
– Many challenges!
– Many technologies, many protocols
• Design for Best Fit
– Determine your hardest problem
– Choose the primary protocol to solve it
• Build a coherent data space
– Extend your primary choice to its reasonable limits
– Route to integrate legacy & best-of-class technologies

The Future is Now

About RTI
• Market Leader
– Over 70% DDS mw market share1
– Largest embedded middleware vendor2
– 2013 Gartner Cool Vendor for technology
and Open Community Source model
• Standards Leader
– Active in 15 standards efforts
– OMG Board of Directors
– DDS authors, chair, wire spec, security, more
• Real-Time Pedigree
– Founded by Stanford researchers
– High-performance control, tools history
• Maturity Leader
– ~700 designs; by far the most-used DDS
– TRL 9
1Embedded Market Forecasters
2VDC Analyst Report

Critical Infrastructure Trusts RTI
• World’s largest Wind Power company
• World’s largest Underground Mining Equipment company
• World’s largest Navy (all surface ships)
• World’s largest Automotive company
• World’s largest Emergency Medical System company
• World’s largest Medical Imaging provider
• World’s 2nd largest Patient Monitoring manufacturer
• World’s 2nd largest Air Traffic control system
• World’s largest Broadcast Video Equipment manufacturer
• World’s largest Launch Control System
• World’s largest Telescope (under construction)
• World’s 5th-largest Oil & Gas company
• World’s 6th-largest power plant (largest in US)
• All of world’s top ten defense companies
Over $1 trillion
relies on RTI

Understanding the Internet of Things Protocols

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