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National Competency-based
Teacher Standards (NCBTS)
GC 603 Structured Learning Experiences for Counselling and
Management Group
RICHARD M. BAÑEZ
Presenter
DR. ELSA C. CALLO
Professor
Intended Learning Outcomes
 identify educational reforms that
rationalize the creation of competency-
based standards for teachers;
 explain the role of competency-based
standards in teachers’ professional
growth and development;
 describe the structure of the National
Competency-based Teacher Standards
(NCBTS);
 examine the various domains of
NCBTS; and
 relate the NCBTS to pre-service and in-
service teachers’ training.
Teacher Education Development Plan (TEDP)
Philippine Education
for All (EFA) Plan
2015
Basic Education
Sector Reform
Agenda (BESRA)
Inclusive Growth
Key BESRA changes
 Schools as key providers of basic
education continuously improve
 Teachers as ethical & excellent
professionals further enhance their
contribution to learning outcomes
 Learning basic competencies in
Filipino, English, Science and Math
is an institutional and social strategy
 ECE, ALS and private schooling are
key support interventions to public
schooling
 DepED as driver of institutional
reform and development of basic
education
Teacher Education Development Plan (TEDP)
 DepEd’s articulation of a new
paradigm for quality teaching
 A common framework for
understanding teaching
quality
 Policy initiatives to reform the
teaching system and to
improve teaching quality
The Old and New Paradigms
The Traditional View The NCBTS View
Teaching is a technical
process, and the good
qualities of this technical
process are well defined.
Teaching is facilitating
learning, and the qualities of
good teaching are defined in
terms of whether students
learn or not.
Teacher knowledge is
technical knowledge
applicable to all learners and
contexts.
Teacher knowledge is
essentially complex and
problematic; applicability
varies across learners and
contexts.
The Old and New Paradigms
The Traditional View The NCBTS View
Teaching involves consistent
application of technical
knowledge.
Teaching involves reflective
and flexible application of
technical knowledge in ways
that best bring about student
learning.
Effective application of
teacher knowledge
dependent on prerequisite
inputs in teaching
environment.
Effective teaching is
determined within the limits
and opportunities found in
the learning environment.
Proposed Reforms
 The articulation of a singular
competency-based framework
for teaching and teacher
development that would guide
all policies, reforms, and
activities related to teaching and
teacher development, and which
shall be called the National
Competency Based Teacher
Standards (NCBTS).
Who Should Use the NCBTS?
 TEI :to design and implement effective
pre-service teacher education curricula.
 PRC: in designing the Licensure Exam
for Teachers.
 Organizations and agencies: that
implement in-service education for
teachers (INSET) shall refer to the
NCBTS in developing their
interventions.
 Award-giving bodies in defining their
criteria for outstanding teachers.
 The Department: in formulating its
hiring, promotion, supervision, and
other policies related to the teaching
profession. It shall also use the NCBTS
to guide its INSET programs for
teachers.
Teacher Development Map
Entry to
Teacher
Education
DepEd / CSC/ HEIs
CHED/TEIs/Schools
PRC
DepEd/CHED/TEIs
Teacher
Induction
DepEd
CHED/TEIs
Retirement
National
Competency
Based Teacher
Standards
In-Service Training
And Continuing
Professional
Development/
Pre-Service
Training
Teacher
Licensure
Teacher Human Resource Planning,
Recruitment, Selection, Deployment, and
Recognition System
What is NCBTS?
It is an integrated theoretical
framework that defines the
different dimensions of
effective teaching.
What is NCBTS?
 It draws from many existing
positive expressions of good
teaching found in Philippine
experiences.
 Good teaching is defined in
terms of actual competencies
associated with features of
teaching in high-learning
classroom activities.
 The qualities of good teaching
are unified under the teaching
paradigm.
What is NCBTS?
 The NCBTS is the proposed
common framework for all
teaching and teacher development
programs in the Philippine
formal education sector.
 The NCBTS defines seven
domains within which teachers
can develop professionally.
 Under each domain, specific
strands and indicators are
defined.
The NCBTS Structure
DOMAIN 1: SOCIAL REGARD FOR
LEARNING
DOMAIN 7: PERSONAL &
PROFESSIONAL GROWTH
Teacher as a
Learner
DOMAIN 2: THE LEARNING
ENVIRONMENT
DOMAIN 3: THE DIVERSITY OF
LEARNERS
DOMAIN 4: CURRICULUM
DOMAIN 5: PLANNING, ASSESSING &
REPORTING
DOMAIN 6: COMMUNITY LINKAGES
Teacher as
Facilitator of
Learning
Knowledge and Skills for Facilitating Learning
Contextualization
 Teachers serve as positive and
powerful role models of the
values of the pursuit of learning
and of the effort to learn.
 Teachers’ actions, statements,
and different types of social
interactions with students
exemplify this ideal.
DOMAIN 1 Social Regard for Learning
DOMAIN 1 Social Regard for Learning
Strand
Acts as a positive role model for students
Key Question
Can my students appreciate and model the value of
learning through my interactions with them?
 It focuses on the
importance of providing for
a social and physical
environment within which
all students, regardless of
their individual differences in
learning.
 Teachers can engage
students to the different
learning activities and
work towards attaining
high standards of learning.
DOMAIN 2 Learning Environment
DOMAIN 2 Learning Environment
Strands
Creates an
environment
that promotes
fairness
Makes the
physical
environment
safe and
conducive to
learning
Communicates
higher learning
expectations to
each learner
Establishes and
maintains
consistent
standards of
learners’
behavior
Key Questions
Do I create a
social
environment in
my class where
my students feel
that they are
treated fairly?
Do I create a
physical
environment in
my class where
my students feel
that they are
safe and able to
learn?
Do I create a
classroom
atmosphere that
encourages
students to
attain high levels
of learning?
Do I create a
consistent and
orderly social
climate and
organization in
the classroom
for my students?
 It emphasizes the ideal that
teachers can facilitate the
learning process in diverse types
of learners:
― recognizing and respecting
individual differences
― using knowledge about
students’ differences
 Teachers design diverse sets of
learning activities to ensure
that all students can attain
appropriate learning goals.
DOMAIN 3 Diversity of Learners
DOMAIN 3 Diversity of Learners
Strands
Is familiar with learners’
background knowledge and
experiences
Demonstrates concern for
holistic development of
learners
Key Questions
Can I help my students learn
whatever their capabilities,
learning styles, cultural
heritage, socio-economic
backgrounds, and other
differences are?
Do my students feel that I am
trying to help them learn,
whatever their capabilities,
learning styles, cultural
heritage, socio-economic
backgrounds, and other
differences are?
 It refers to all elements of the
teaching-learning process that
work in convergence to help
students attain high standards
of learning and understanding
of the curricular goals and
objectives.
 These elements include the
teacher’s knowledge of subject
matter, teaching learning
approaches and activities,
instructional materials and
learning resources.
DOMAIN 4 Curriculum
DOMAIN 4 Curriculum
Strands
Demonstrates
mastery of the
subject
Communicates
clear learning
goals for the
lessons that are
appropriate for
learners
Makes good use
of allotted
instructional
time
Selects teaching
methods,
learning
activities and
instructional
materials or
resources
appropriate to
learners and
aligned to the
objectives of the
lesson?
DOMAIN 4 Curriculum
Key Questions
Do my students
see how well I
understand the
subject matter I
am teaching that
they understand
and appreciate
the importance
of the lessons?
Can my students
see and
appreciate the
value of the
curricular goals
and objectives I
have set for the
different lessons
in my class?
Am I able to
help my
students attain
all the curricular
goals within the
time provided in
the school
calendar?
Do I use
teaching-
learning
activities and
learning
resources
efficiently to
challenge my
students to meet
high levels of
mastery and
understanding
of curricular
objectives?
 This refers to the aligned use of
assessment and planning activities
to ensure that the teaching-
learning activities are maximally
appropriate to the students’ current
knowledge and learning levels.
 It focuses on the use of
assessment data to plan and
revise teaching-learning plans, as
well as the integration of
formative assessment procedures
in the plan and implementation
of teaching-learning activities.
DOMAIN 5 Planning, Assessing and Reporting
DOMAIN 5 Planning, Assessing and Reporting
Strands
Communicates
promptly and clearly to
learners, parents, and
superiors about the
progress of learners.
Develops and uses a
variety of appropriate
assessment strategies
to monitor and
evaluate learning.
Monitors regularly and
provides feedback on
learners’
understanding of
content
Key Questions
Do I provide my
stakeholders timely
and accurate
information about my
students’ learning
progress?
Do I assess my students’
learning and knowledge
using appropriate
educational assessment
procedures, and use the
information from these
assessment procedures in
planning my teaching-
learning activities for the
students?
Do I provide regular
feedback to each
student about their
level of learning?
 It deals with the ideal that
school activities are meaningfully
linked to the experiences and
aspirations of the students in
their homes and communities.
 It focuses on teachers’ efforts
directed at strengthening the
links between school and
community activities,
particularly as these links help
in the attainment of the
curricular objectives.
DOMAIN 6 Community Linkages
DOMAIN 6 Community Linkages
Strand
Establishes learning environments that respond to
the aspirations of the community
Key Question
Are the goals and characteristics of the teaching-
learning activities I implement relevant to the
experiences, values and aspirations in my students’
communities?
 It emphasizes the ideal that
teachers value having a high
personal regard, concern for
professional development, and
continuous improvement as
teachers.
DOMAIN 7
Personal Growth and Professional
Development
DOMAIN 7
Personal Growth and Professional
Development
Strands
Takes pride in the
nobility of teaching as
a profession.
Builds professional
links with colleagues to
enrich teaching
practice.
Reflects on the extent
of the attainment of
learning goals.
Key Questions
Do my actions and
statements indicate a
high regard for the
teaching profession
and for my continuous
development as a
professional teacher?
Do I try to learn from
other colleagues in the
teaching profession to
improve my teaching
practice?
Am I aware of the
extent to which my
practices as a teacher
influence my students’
attainment of the
learning goals?
NCBTS in Pre-Service Teachers
NCBTS in LET
PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING, EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY, CURRICULUM
CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT, FIELD STUDY, AND PRACTICE TEACHING
35%
 Employ activities, teaching methods, instructional materials and
technology, classroom management techniques appropriate for a
chosen subject area
10%
 Apply appropriate approaches to lesson planning and curriculum
development
6%
 Apply principles in the preparation and utilization of the conventional
and non-conventional technology as well as traditional and alternative
teaching strategies
5%
 Align curriculum components to instruction and assessment 5%
 Distinguish the roles of stakeholders (students, teachers, employers,
parents, and community) in the delivery of the curriculum
1%
 Use activities that enhance critical, creative, and metacognitive reading
skills
5%
 Analyze extrinsic and intrinsic factors that affect reading performance 3%
How Should Teachers Use the NCBTS?
 As a guide to reflect on their current
teaching practices;
 As a framework for creating new teaching
practices
 As a guidepost for planning for professional
development goals
 As a common language for discussing
teaching practices with other teachers
 As the guide for thinking critically about
whether the teacher’s current practices are
helping students attain the learning goals in
the curriculum.
Intended Learning Outcomes
 identify educational reforms that
rationalize the creation of competency-
based standards for teachers;
 explain the role of competency-based
standards in teachers’ professional growth
and development;
 describe the structure of the National
Competency-based Teacher Standards
(NCBTS);
 examine the various domains of NCBTS;
and
 Relate the NCBTS to pre-service and in-
service teachers’ training.
that is filled with colors and lines
Life is an artwork
which are combined harmoniously
to create an image of
beauty;
it is also
shaded with
making it difficult yet challenging for us
fear, burden, and frustration
- R. Bañez
National competency based teacher standards (ncbts)

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National competency based teacher standards (ncbts)

  • 1. National Competency-based Teacher Standards (NCBTS) GC 603 Structured Learning Experiences for Counselling and Management Group RICHARD M. BAÑEZ Presenter DR. ELSA C. CALLO Professor
  • 2. Intended Learning Outcomes  identify educational reforms that rationalize the creation of competency- based standards for teachers;  explain the role of competency-based standards in teachers’ professional growth and development;  describe the structure of the National Competency-based Teacher Standards (NCBTS);  examine the various domains of NCBTS; and  relate the NCBTS to pre-service and in- service teachers’ training.
  • 3. Teacher Education Development Plan (TEDP) Philippine Education for All (EFA) Plan 2015 Basic Education Sector Reform Agenda (BESRA) Inclusive Growth
  • 4. Key BESRA changes  Schools as key providers of basic education continuously improve  Teachers as ethical & excellent professionals further enhance their contribution to learning outcomes  Learning basic competencies in Filipino, English, Science and Math is an institutional and social strategy  ECE, ALS and private schooling are key support interventions to public schooling  DepED as driver of institutional reform and development of basic education
  • 5. Teacher Education Development Plan (TEDP)  DepEd’s articulation of a new paradigm for quality teaching  A common framework for understanding teaching quality  Policy initiatives to reform the teaching system and to improve teaching quality
  • 6. The Old and New Paradigms The Traditional View The NCBTS View Teaching is a technical process, and the good qualities of this technical process are well defined. Teaching is facilitating learning, and the qualities of good teaching are defined in terms of whether students learn or not. Teacher knowledge is technical knowledge applicable to all learners and contexts. Teacher knowledge is essentially complex and problematic; applicability varies across learners and contexts.
  • 7. The Old and New Paradigms The Traditional View The NCBTS View Teaching involves consistent application of technical knowledge. Teaching involves reflective and flexible application of technical knowledge in ways that best bring about student learning. Effective application of teacher knowledge dependent on prerequisite inputs in teaching environment. Effective teaching is determined within the limits and opportunities found in the learning environment.
  • 8. Proposed Reforms  The articulation of a singular competency-based framework for teaching and teacher development that would guide all policies, reforms, and activities related to teaching and teacher development, and which shall be called the National Competency Based Teacher Standards (NCBTS).
  • 9. Who Should Use the NCBTS?  TEI :to design and implement effective pre-service teacher education curricula.  PRC: in designing the Licensure Exam for Teachers.  Organizations and agencies: that implement in-service education for teachers (INSET) shall refer to the NCBTS in developing their interventions.  Award-giving bodies in defining their criteria for outstanding teachers.  The Department: in formulating its hiring, promotion, supervision, and other policies related to the teaching profession. It shall also use the NCBTS to guide its INSET programs for teachers.
  • 10. Teacher Development Map Entry to Teacher Education DepEd / CSC/ HEIs CHED/TEIs/Schools PRC DepEd/CHED/TEIs Teacher Induction DepEd CHED/TEIs Retirement National Competency Based Teacher Standards In-Service Training And Continuing Professional Development/ Pre-Service Training Teacher Licensure Teacher Human Resource Planning, Recruitment, Selection, Deployment, and Recognition System
  • 11. What is NCBTS? It is an integrated theoretical framework that defines the different dimensions of effective teaching.
  • 12. What is NCBTS?  It draws from many existing positive expressions of good teaching found in Philippine experiences.  Good teaching is defined in terms of actual competencies associated with features of teaching in high-learning classroom activities.  The qualities of good teaching are unified under the teaching paradigm.
  • 13. What is NCBTS?  The NCBTS is the proposed common framework for all teaching and teacher development programs in the Philippine formal education sector.  The NCBTS defines seven domains within which teachers can develop professionally.  Under each domain, specific strands and indicators are defined.
  • 14. The NCBTS Structure DOMAIN 1: SOCIAL REGARD FOR LEARNING DOMAIN 7: PERSONAL & PROFESSIONAL GROWTH Teacher as a Learner DOMAIN 2: THE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT DOMAIN 3: THE DIVERSITY OF LEARNERS DOMAIN 4: CURRICULUM DOMAIN 5: PLANNING, ASSESSING & REPORTING DOMAIN 6: COMMUNITY LINKAGES Teacher as Facilitator of Learning Knowledge and Skills for Facilitating Learning Contextualization
  • 15.  Teachers serve as positive and powerful role models of the values of the pursuit of learning and of the effort to learn.  Teachers’ actions, statements, and different types of social interactions with students exemplify this ideal. DOMAIN 1 Social Regard for Learning
  • 16. DOMAIN 1 Social Regard for Learning Strand Acts as a positive role model for students Key Question Can my students appreciate and model the value of learning through my interactions with them?
  • 17.  It focuses on the importance of providing for a social and physical environment within which all students, regardless of their individual differences in learning.  Teachers can engage students to the different learning activities and work towards attaining high standards of learning. DOMAIN 2 Learning Environment
  • 18. DOMAIN 2 Learning Environment Strands Creates an environment that promotes fairness Makes the physical environment safe and conducive to learning Communicates higher learning expectations to each learner Establishes and maintains consistent standards of learners’ behavior Key Questions Do I create a social environment in my class where my students feel that they are treated fairly? Do I create a physical environment in my class where my students feel that they are safe and able to learn? Do I create a classroom atmosphere that encourages students to attain high levels of learning? Do I create a consistent and orderly social climate and organization in the classroom for my students?
  • 19.  It emphasizes the ideal that teachers can facilitate the learning process in diverse types of learners: ― recognizing and respecting individual differences ― using knowledge about students’ differences  Teachers design diverse sets of learning activities to ensure that all students can attain appropriate learning goals. DOMAIN 3 Diversity of Learners
  • 20. DOMAIN 3 Diversity of Learners Strands Is familiar with learners’ background knowledge and experiences Demonstrates concern for holistic development of learners Key Questions Can I help my students learn whatever their capabilities, learning styles, cultural heritage, socio-economic backgrounds, and other differences are? Do my students feel that I am trying to help them learn, whatever their capabilities, learning styles, cultural heritage, socio-economic backgrounds, and other differences are?
  • 21.  It refers to all elements of the teaching-learning process that work in convergence to help students attain high standards of learning and understanding of the curricular goals and objectives.  These elements include the teacher’s knowledge of subject matter, teaching learning approaches and activities, instructional materials and learning resources. DOMAIN 4 Curriculum
  • 22. DOMAIN 4 Curriculum Strands Demonstrates mastery of the subject Communicates clear learning goals for the lessons that are appropriate for learners Makes good use of allotted instructional time Selects teaching methods, learning activities and instructional materials or resources appropriate to learners and aligned to the objectives of the lesson?
  • 23. DOMAIN 4 Curriculum Key Questions Do my students see how well I understand the subject matter I am teaching that they understand and appreciate the importance of the lessons? Can my students see and appreciate the value of the curricular goals and objectives I have set for the different lessons in my class? Am I able to help my students attain all the curricular goals within the time provided in the school calendar? Do I use teaching- learning activities and learning resources efficiently to challenge my students to meet high levels of mastery and understanding of curricular objectives?
  • 24.  This refers to the aligned use of assessment and planning activities to ensure that the teaching- learning activities are maximally appropriate to the students’ current knowledge and learning levels.  It focuses on the use of assessment data to plan and revise teaching-learning plans, as well as the integration of formative assessment procedures in the plan and implementation of teaching-learning activities. DOMAIN 5 Planning, Assessing and Reporting
  • 25. DOMAIN 5 Planning, Assessing and Reporting Strands Communicates promptly and clearly to learners, parents, and superiors about the progress of learners. Develops and uses a variety of appropriate assessment strategies to monitor and evaluate learning. Monitors regularly and provides feedback on learners’ understanding of content Key Questions Do I provide my stakeholders timely and accurate information about my students’ learning progress? Do I assess my students’ learning and knowledge using appropriate educational assessment procedures, and use the information from these assessment procedures in planning my teaching- learning activities for the students? Do I provide regular feedback to each student about their level of learning?
  • 26.  It deals with the ideal that school activities are meaningfully linked to the experiences and aspirations of the students in their homes and communities.  It focuses on teachers’ efforts directed at strengthening the links between school and community activities, particularly as these links help in the attainment of the curricular objectives. DOMAIN 6 Community Linkages
  • 27. DOMAIN 6 Community Linkages Strand Establishes learning environments that respond to the aspirations of the community Key Question Are the goals and characteristics of the teaching- learning activities I implement relevant to the experiences, values and aspirations in my students’ communities?
  • 28.  It emphasizes the ideal that teachers value having a high personal regard, concern for professional development, and continuous improvement as teachers. DOMAIN 7 Personal Growth and Professional Development
  • 29. DOMAIN 7 Personal Growth and Professional Development Strands Takes pride in the nobility of teaching as a profession. Builds professional links with colleagues to enrich teaching practice. Reflects on the extent of the attainment of learning goals. Key Questions Do my actions and statements indicate a high regard for the teaching profession and for my continuous development as a professional teacher? Do I try to learn from other colleagues in the teaching profession to improve my teaching practice? Am I aware of the extent to which my practices as a teacher influence my students’ attainment of the learning goals?
  • 31. NCBTS in LET PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING, EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY, CURRICULUM CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT, FIELD STUDY, AND PRACTICE TEACHING 35%  Employ activities, teaching methods, instructional materials and technology, classroom management techniques appropriate for a chosen subject area 10%  Apply appropriate approaches to lesson planning and curriculum development 6%  Apply principles in the preparation and utilization of the conventional and non-conventional technology as well as traditional and alternative teaching strategies 5%  Align curriculum components to instruction and assessment 5%  Distinguish the roles of stakeholders (students, teachers, employers, parents, and community) in the delivery of the curriculum 1%  Use activities that enhance critical, creative, and metacognitive reading skills 5%  Analyze extrinsic and intrinsic factors that affect reading performance 3%
  • 32. How Should Teachers Use the NCBTS?  As a guide to reflect on their current teaching practices;  As a framework for creating new teaching practices  As a guidepost for planning for professional development goals  As a common language for discussing teaching practices with other teachers  As the guide for thinking critically about whether the teacher’s current practices are helping students attain the learning goals in the curriculum.
  • 33. Intended Learning Outcomes  identify educational reforms that rationalize the creation of competency- based standards for teachers;  explain the role of competency-based standards in teachers’ professional growth and development;  describe the structure of the National Competency-based Teacher Standards (NCBTS);  examine the various domains of NCBTS; and  Relate the NCBTS to pre-service and in- service teachers’ training.
  • 34. that is filled with colors and lines Life is an artwork which are combined harmoniously to create an image of beauty; it is also shaded with making it difficult yet challenging for us fear, burden, and frustration - R. Bañez

Editor's Notes

  1. Philippine Development Plan for Attaining Inclusive Growth Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) Universal Primary/Basic Education Learning and Life Skills for Youth and Adults Adult Literacy
  2. Linking teachers’ knowledge to students’ learning. Teaching is not singular but should support pluralism.
  3. Teaching requires teachers’ active involvement in designing and evaluating learning experiences. Teaching is contextualization.
  4. The NCBTS can be utilized in strengthening the following: Aptitude and skill test for pre-service teachers’ admission to TEI Basis in crafting the curriculum for teacher education training Basis in constructing test items in licensure examination Basis in the screening, selection, and appointment of teacher applicants in the academe Inclusion in the teachers’ induction programs Reflective tool in teaching and basis for in-service training
  5. The center is the technical aspect of the teaching and learning process. Domains 2 and 6 deals with linking the pedagogy to appropriate contexts. Domains 1 and 7 relate teacher as a learner.
  6. Implement school policies and procedures. Demonstrate punctuality. Maintains appropriate appearance. Careful about the effect of one’s behavior on students.
  7. Maintains learning environment of courtesy and respect for diverse learners. Gender-fair. Recognizes Individual differences. Able to free the classroom from distraction. Maintaining safe, clean, and orderly environment. Provides varied enrichment activities to nurture the desire for further learning and high performance standards. Handles behavior problems with due respect to children’s right.
  8. Designs or selects learning experiences appropriate to the learners’ needs. Makes appropriate adjustments for learners of different societal orientations.
  9. First strand Delivers accurate and updated content knowledge using appropriate methodologies, approaches, and strategies. Links current content to the past and future lessons. Creates situations that encourage learners to use high order thinking skills. Integrates content of subject area with other disciplines. Second strand Sets and understands learning goals. Third strand Establishes routines and procedures to maximize instructional time. Fourth strand Selects, prepares, and utilizes instructional materials appropriate to learners and instructional objectives.
  10. Communicates students performance by showing proofs of instructional planning. Use appropriate tools for assessing authentic learning. Analyzes records of grades and performance levels of the students.
  11. Involves community in sharing accountability for learners’ achievements. Uses community resources both human and nonhuman to support learning. Participates in community activities that promote learning.
  12. Upholds the dignity of teaching. Allocates time for professional and personal development. Articulates and demonstrate one’s educational philosophy. Links with other institutions and organizations for sharing best practices. Reflects on one’s quality of teaching. Recognizes and enhances one’s weaknesses and further enhancing one’s strengths.
  13. Self awareness for teaching practices Modifying practices for effective instructions. Use in planning for professional development. Common vocabulary for pedagogy. Guide for critical thinking.