OSHA Basic Training & Awareness- 01-20-2005

OSHA First ResponderOSHA First Responder
PresentationPresentation
Awareness LevelsAwareness Levels
Presented and Researched By:Presented and Researched By:
Richard GarrityRichard Garrity

OSHA Regulations:OSHA Regulations:
What is OSHA?

The question, “what is OSHA and what do
they do” comes up often in safety
discussions. Prior to 1970 many workers
were either killed or seriously hurt at work.
The Occupational Safety and Health Act
was enacted in 1970 (OSH Act) to stop this
trend. The creation of the Occupational
Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
was the result of this law.

It’s primary goal is to set standards that
will promote workplace safety and health.
OSHA implements these standards
through training, information, and
assistance to employers and workers;
however, if employers fail to voluntarily
comply, OSHA has the power to impose
substantial monetary fines.

OSHA standards are rules that describe the
systematic way employers are legally required to
follow to protect their workers from hazards. The
process to issue a standard is extensive and
lengthy and includes substantial public
participation, notification and comment. The
government agency must show that a significant
risk to workers exists and that there are
practicable measures employers can implement
to protect their employees.

OSHA approves safety manuals and safety
inspectors can review an organization’s
safety manual for compliance. Safety
Program, Safety Officer, Hazard
Communications, Fire Safety, Electrical
Safety, Personal Protective Equipment,
Emergency Preparedness, Hazard Signs
and Warnings

• Hazardous Communications
Standard
–The Right to Know
–Hazmats
–Blood borne Pathogens
–Transmission

• Hazardous Communications
Standard
–Safety
–Exposure Incident
–Fire Safety Advisor
–Fire Life Safety

Hazardous Communications StandardHazardous Communications Standard
• OSHA Hazardous Communications
Standard gives each employee the “right
to know” what hazardous materials they
may come in contact with during their daily
work schedule.
• Security Officers must be informed
concerning hazardous materials
(Hazmats), how to identify them and how
to respond to any emergency that may
arise at the work site.

HAZMAT Primary Symbols:HAZMAT Primary Symbols:

HAZMAT SYMBOLS:HAZMAT SYMBOLS:

Hazardous Communications StandardHazardous Communications Standard
• HAZMATS:
Any materials that would
become a threat to health,
safety and the environment if
improperly controlled.

First Responder- Awareness levelFirst Responder- Awareness level
• First Responders are individuals
who are likely to witness or discover
a hazard and have been trained to
initiate a response by notifying proper
authorities.
• They take no further action

First Responder- Awareness levelFirst Responder- Awareness level
• They must have sufficient training to:
– Know how to recognize and identify Hazmats
– Know how the material can enter the body
– know the risks associated with the material
– know what action to take in a Hazmat incident
– Know how to deal with emergency response
personnel

First Responder- Emergency ResponseFirst Responder- Emergency Response

Hazmat LabelingHazmat Labeling
• Hazardous Materials are identified by
diamond shaped placards using:
Colors:
•White - Poison
•Red - Flammable
•Yellow - Oxidizer

Hazmat LabelingHazmat Labeling
–Symbols:
•Flame for fire
•Skull & crossbones for poison
–Names:
•May be the actual chemical
such as oxygen or chlorine
•May be a category such as
corrosive or flammable

Hazmat Labeling - ContinuedHazmat Labeling - Continued
• The National Fire Prevention Association
(NFPA) has designed a method for
identifying hazards:
–Diamond-shaped sign divided into four
colored backgrounds:
• White - Additional information
• Red - Fire hazard
• Blue - Health hazard
• Yellow - Chemical reaction hazard

Material Safety Data Sheets (Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)MSDS)
– Within each colored background are
numerical ratings - 0 through 4 with 0 being
the least severe and 4 the most severe
• Information on hazards are also found on:
– Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
– Shipping papers
– Manifests
– Warning labels

HAZMAT Labeling FormHAZMAT Labeling Form

United Nation ID Numbers:United Nation ID Numbers:

– UN numbers or UN IDs are four-digit
numbers that identify dangerous goods
hazardous substances and articles (such as
explosives, flammable liquids, toxic
substances, etc.) in the framework of
international transport. Some hazardous
substances have their own UN numbers
(e.g. acrylamide has UN2074), while
sometimes groups of chemicals or
products with similar properties receive a
common UN number (e.g. flammable liquid,
not otherwise specified, have UN1993).

–A chemical in its solid state may
receive a different UN number than the
liquid phase if their hazardous
properties differ significantly;
substances with different levels of
purity may also receive different UN
numbers.

– UN numbers range from UN0001 to about
UN3500 and are assigned by the United
Nations committee of experts on the
transport of dangerous goods. They are
published as part of their Recommendations
on the transport of dangerous goods, also
known as the Orange Book. These
recommendations are adopted by the
regulatory organization responsible for the
different modes of transport.

Globally Harmonized Systems (GHS)Globally Harmonized Systems (GHS)

Many employees work with hazardous
materials every day. The ability to identify and
specifically regulate these materials can be a
difficult task. In the U.S. alone, there are an
estimated 650,000 products that can be
considered hazardous. In addition, a product
that is considered to be hazardous in the U.S.
may not be considered hazardous in another
country, and vice versa. This can cause
confusion and perhaps dangerous problems.

To combat these problems, OSHA has
adopted the internationally recognized
Globally Harmonized System for
Classification & Labeling. OSHA is the
agency responsible for assuring safe
and healthful working conditions by
setting and enforcing safety standards
through the industry.

The Globally Harmonized System is a set of
universal recommendations for hazard
communication developed by the United
Nations. The primary benefit of the GHS is to
increase the quality and consistency of
information provided to workers, employers,
and chemical users by adopting a standard
approach to hazard classification, labels, and
safety data. The GHS has already been
adopted by China, Australia, and the EU.
What is GHS?What is GHS?

The new GHS labels are designed to
simplify existing labels. In order to
reduce problems with language
barriers, the labels emphasize imagery
rather than text and color coding. The
Hazard Statement (s) on a GHS Label
has a specific meaning that
corresponds with the new pictograms.
What is GHS Purpose?What is GHS Purpose?

Two sets of pictograms are
included within the GHS, they are:
1. One for the labeling of containers
and for workplace hazard warnings.
2. The second for use during the
transport of dangerous goods.

Transport pictograms come in a
wide variety of colors and may
contain additional information
such as a subcategory number,
but they use the same images
as the workplace hazard
warning pictograms.

In the United States you
need to understand what
each hazard pictogram
means and how it effects
your safety before the
December 1st, 2013 deadline.

Some of the changes resulting from
the adoption of GHS are a new hazard
classification system, as well as
standardized labeling and safety data
sheet requirements. Under the GHS,
material safety data sheets (MSDS), will
now be referred to as safety data
sheets or SDS. These changes are
significant and must be keenly noted.
MSDS converts to SDSMSDS converts to SDS

The first step in minimizing chemical
hazards in your workplace is to evaluate
them. Hazard information can be found
on the chemical’s safety data sheet and
label. Under the GHS, the method of
classification has been standardized to
include health and environmental
hazards, physical hazards, and the
ability for the site/ facility chemical to
mix with another substance.
MSDS converts to SDSMSDS converts to SDS

The distinct differences between
HazCom labels and GHS labels are as
follows. GHS pictograms display a black
symbol and each black symbol
represents a set of hazards. This is key
and vital to industry personnel who have
any involvement or responsibility with
SDS and or chemicals. Each pictogram
symbol represents a “set of hazards”.
GHS PictogramsGHS Pictograms

There are 9 pictograms in the
GHS system that can be used in
the new labeling system. These
new distinct pictograms are
black images surrounded by a
red diamond border on a white
background.

The United States is slated to
adopt 8 of these pictograms. The
United States will not adopt the
environmental pictogram as that
safety standard is already
regulated by the Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA).

The 9 GHS PictogramsThe 9 GHS Pictograms

GHS PictogramsGHS Pictograms 1-31-3

GHS Hazardous SymbolsGHS Hazardous Symbols

Standardized LabelsStandardized Labels

Each container of hazardous
chemical in your workplace
must be diligently marked &
labeled so that you can
recognize the hazards before
you begin your daily activities.
Labels are required to display
six key identifiers as noted:

1. The new labels require a GHS
pictogram which allows workers to
quickly identify the types of hazard a
chemical presents.
2. The label will also require a signal
word which is a single word to
indicate the relative level of severity
or danger of the hazard. These
words are “Danger” and “Warning”.

3. There must be a hazard statement
which is assigned to a hazard class
and category that details the nature
of the hazard.
4. Labels are required to have a
precautionary statement, a phrase
that describes measures to be taken
to reduce severe effects of exposure

5. In order for workers to recognize the
chemical identity of a chemical
substance, it is required that a
product identifier be properly
labeled and clearly visible.
6. Any GHS label should have the
suppliers information. This would
include name, address, and number.

Threshold Limit Values- (TLV)Threshold Limit Values- (TLV)

The Threshold Limit Value (TLV) of a
chemical substance is a level to which it is
believed a worker can be chemically
exposed day after day for a working lifetime
without adverse health effects. The TLV is
an estimate based on the known toxicity in
humans or animals of a given chemical
substance, and the reliability and accuracy
of the latest sampling and analytical
methods.
Threshold Limit Values- (TLV)Threshold Limit Values- (TLV)

By December 1st
, 2013, US employers
must train their employees (current) on
the new label elements and safety data
sheet format.
By June 1st
, 2015, employers must
comply with all of the modified
provisions of the final rule as GHS
stipulated.
GHS Deadlines:GHS Deadlines:

On December 1st
, 2015, chemical
distributors will no longer be able to
ship products labeled under the old
system classifications.
On June 1st
, 2016, all employers will be
required to have all alternative
workplace labeling and HAZCOM
programs in full compliance.
GHS Deadlines:GHS Deadlines:

Material Safety Data Sheets:Material Safety Data Sheets:

What are MSDS?What are MSDS?•
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) are designed
to provide both workers and emergency
personnel with the proper procedures for
handling or working with a particular substance,
and identifying them. MSDS sheets include
information such as physical data (melting
point, boiling point, flash point etc.), toxicity,
health effects, first aid, reactivity, storage,
disposal, protective equipment, and spill/leak
procedures. These are of particular use if a spill
or other accident occurs in your building.

What are MSDS?What are MSDS?•
Are your MSDS up to date? What person,
group, or entity will most likely need to review
MSDS sheets? In almost every instance,
arriving Fire personnel, outside contractors,
and or OSHA safety inspectors. Firefighter
personnel must be completely aware of exactly
what type of chemicals are on site and where
they are used & stored. When faced with a real
working Fire or explosion, Firefighters MUST
be knowledgeable of where hazardous
chemicals are located. If not, they could be
severely hurt or killed.

OSHA MSDS InitiativeOSHA MSDS Initiative
and Sample MSDS’sand Sample MSDS’s
• OSHA is developing an enforcement initiative
for compliance officers to review and
evaluate the adequacy of MSDSs. Under this
program, the Agency will choose a certain
number of chemicals, and following the
requirements in the HCS, identify some
critical elements (phrases, words, etc.) that
should appear on an accurate MSDS.
•

• Compliance officers would use this
information as they encounter these
chemicals at worksites. Where MSDSs
are found that do not contain these
critical elements, OSHA will notify the
corporation in writing of the
deficiencies or inaccuracies.
•

• Companies will be required to correct and
update their MSDS. They will then have to
respond to OSHA and inform the Agency of
the steps taken to correct and update their
data sheet. Those corporations that fail to
respond or do not update their MSDS (now
known as Safety Data Sheets- SDS), can
potentially be cited under the HCS.

Health RisksHealth Risks
• How materials enter the body
– Absorption: Through breaks in the skin & eyes
– Inhalation: Through breathing in of fumes or gases
– Ingestion: Eating or swallowing
– Injection: Puncture of the skin
• Know the hazards at your site
– Get a list from the client
– Look at MSDS sheets and examine the “Right to
know” station
– Get to know which hazards are in different areas of
the site and if they are poisonous, flammable, or may
cause a chemical reaction

Responding to an IncidentResponding to an Incident

• Don’t be afraid or hesitant!
– You, the responder, are the most important
person in an emergency
– Protect others from harm
• Evacuate if needed
• Cordon off area
– Look for victims but do not go in after them if
you believe it is not safe
– Look for labels or signs of the emergency
– Call for help and assist upon arrival

• Elements of an emergency
response plan:
The employer shall develop an
emergency response plan for
emergencies which shall address,
as a minimum, the following to the
extent that they are not addressed
elsewhere.

• Pre-emergency planning and
coordination with outside parties.
• Personnel roles, lines of authority,
training, and communication.
• Emergency recognition and
prevention.
• Safe distances and places of refuge.
• Site security and control.

• Evacuation routes and procedures.
• Decontamination.
• Emergency medical treatment and
first aid.
• Emergency alerting and response
procedures.
• Critique of response and follow-up

• Employees engaged in emergency response
and exposed to hazardous substances
presenting an inhalation hazard or potential
inhalation hazard shall wear positive pressure
self-contained breathing apparatus while
engaged in emergency response, until such time
that the officials in charge of the incident
determines through the use of air monitoring that
a decreased level of respiratory protection will
not result in hazardous exposures to employees.

• Security personnel will act as first
responders only and NOT emergency
responders. Security personnel will insure
that all at risk employees have been safely
located, identified and evacuated from the
danger/ hot zone. Security personnel’s
most vital role here is detection,
evacuation and notification among other
site critical procedures and guidelines.

Blood borne PathogensBlood borne Pathogens

What are blood borne pathogens?What are blood borne pathogens?

• Blood borne pathogens are
infectious materials in blood that can
cause disease in humans, including
hepatitis B and C and human
immunodeficiency virus, or HIV.
Workers exposed to these pathogens
risk serious illness or death.

• Purpose: Limit occupational exposure to blood &
other potentially infectious materials
• Affected Personnel: All employees for whom there
is a “reasonable anticipation” as a result of their
jobs, to come in contact with blood or other
infectious materials
• Exposure Control Plan: Employers are required to
identify, in writing, tasks and procedures as well as
job classifications where exposure to blood occurs.
• Compliance Methods: Use of Body Substance
Isolation (BSI) or Universal Precautions is
mandated.

• Hazard Communication: Warning labels with
biohazard symbols on all containers of infectious
materials
• Training: Mandates training upon assignment and
annually
• Record keeping: Medical records for each
employee with occupational exposure for duration
of employment plus 30 years
• Vaccination: Hep B vaccine for those employees
who work in medical facilities, blood banks and
labs, and response teams. Post-exposure vaccine
for those whose primary tasks are not medical.

PathogenPathogen
A micro-organism (germ)
that can cause disease
• Viruses: hepatitis, measles, mumps,
chicken pox, meningitis, rubella, influenza,
warts, colds, herpes, shingles, HIV,
genital warts
• Bacteria: tetanus, meningitis, scarlet
fever, strep throat, TB, gonorrhea,
syphilis, diphtheria, food poisoning
• Fungi: Athlete’s foot, ringworm

PathogenPathogen
A micro-organism (germ)
that can cause disease
• Protozoa: Malaria, dysentery
• Rickettsia: typhus, Rocky Mt. Spotted
fever
• Parasitic worms: Abdominal pain,
anemia, lymph blockage, respiratory &
circulatory complications

Action Plan:Action Plan:
• Establish an exposure control plan. This is a
written plan to eliminate or minimize employee
exposures. Employers must update the plan
annually to reflect technological changes that
will help eliminate or reduce exposure to
bloodborne pathogens. In the plan, employers
must document annually that they have
considered and implemented safer medical
devices, if feasible, and that they have solicited
input from frontline workers in identifying,
evaluating, and selecting engineering controls.

Use labels and signs to communicate hazards.
The standard requires warning labels affixed to
containers of regulated waste, refrigerators
and freezers, and other containers used to
store or transplant blood or other potentially
infectious materials. Facilities may use red
bags or containers instead of labels. Employers
also must post signs to identify restricted
areas and areas that could be hazards.

Secondary Containment Transport:Secondary Containment Transport:

If hazardous specimens or waste
are being transported within your
facility, security personnel should be
fully aware of and enforce the
standard secondary containment
procedures established. Secondary
containment of any potentially
hazardous material is mandatory.

Proper Secondary ContainmentProper Secondary Containment

ProperProper disposal & documentationdisposal & documentation
of any hazardous waste is requiredof any hazardous waste is required

If you work with pathogens regularly:If you work with pathogens regularly:
Provide information and training to employees.
Employers must ensure that their workers
receive regular training that covers the dangers
of bloodborne pathogens, preventive practices,
and post-exposure procedures. Employers
must offer this training on initial assignment,
then at least annually. In addition, laboratory
and production facility workers must receive
specialized initial training.

Disease Control andDisease Control and
Prevention in the Workplace:Prevention in the Workplace:

Diseases: The unseen killersDiseases: The unseen killers

How Diseases SpreadHow Diseases Spread
• All four of the following
conditions must be met:
–Pathogen is present
–There is enough pathogen to cause
disease
–A person is susceptible to the pathogen
–The pathogen passes through the
correct entry site

How Diseases SpreadHow Diseases Spread
• Pathogens enter
the body in 4 ways
–Direct contact
–Indirect contact
–Airborne
–Vector-borne

Exposure Control PlanExposure Control Plan
• Identifying and making a written record of jobs in
which exposure can occur
• Methods of implementing the OSHA standard
– Personal hygiene & protective equipment
– Engineering and work practice controls
– Equipment cleaning & disinfecting
• Procedures for evaluating details of an exposure
incident.

Exposure IncidentExposure Incident
• If you suspect an exposure:
– Wash area of contact immediately
– Write down what happened
– Report incident to supervisor or HR
immediately
– Be evaluated by a healthcare professional
– Source individual and exposed person’s blood
is tested, to the extent of the law
– Everything, by law, is kept confidential

ProtectionProtection
• Remember: Your safety comes first
– If you find yourself in a situation where contamination
is possible and you do not have the means to protect
yourself, request immediate assistance from medical
response personnel and do as much as you can for
the victim without endangering yourself.
– Always wear gloves
• Always use a barrier device when administering
CPR
• Wear goggles if blood is splattering
• Wear a mask when at risk of airborne
pathogens

The ultimate goal is to make sure thereThe ultimate goal is to make sure there
are no visits to the ER Nurse or the Doctor!are no visits to the ER Nurse or the Doctor!

Glow in the Dark Staircase Strips:Glow in the Dark Staircase Strips:

Glow in the Dark Staircase Strips are
made from Aluminum sheets, coated
with Luminescent materials. These
luminous strips absorb surrounding
light. In the event of a power failure
or fire, these strips glow in the dark
immediately. Glow time is between 6
to 8 hours. A perfect emergency
lighting system that requires no
maintenance or electrical back up.

On September 16, 2008 signifying a
shift toward enhanced high rise
building evacuation in the post 9/11
environment the International Code
Council revised the International Fire
Code to include New York City’s
standards requiring the installation of
glow-in-the-dark path markings in the
evacuation stairwells of new and
existing high rise buildings over 75 feet
tall, without exception.
The code went into effect Jan. 1, 2009.

Designed to glow in the dark when emergency
generators and lighting fails,
photoluminescent path markings enable
people inside buildings to safely use enclosed
staircases in the event of an emergency
evacuation. A calm, organized evacuation can
save lives.
Two events led to New York City and ultimately
The International Building code requiring the
inclusion of glow-in-the-dark path markings in
stairwells of high rise buildings. They are:

September 11, 2001 World Trade
Center evacuees said that
photoluminescent markings guided
them out of the towers quickly. The
markings were installed in the towers
after the 1993 bombings. The second
influencing event was the August
2003 black out, which left a good
portion of the Northeast without
electrical power.

In New York, the emergency
electrical backup systems in many
buildings failed, typically due to
poor maintenance, faulty batteries
and generators, or improper
installation. Without this
emergency power, people were
stranded in buildings, unable or
scared to make their way down
the exit stairs.

It is all aboutIt is all about Safety!Safety!

Emergencies and Disasters:Emergencies and Disasters:
Planning and PreventionPlanning and Prevention
• The National Response Plan establishes a
comprehensive all-hazards approach to
enhance the ability of the United States to
manage domestic incidents. The plan
incorporates best practices and procedures
from incident management disciplines,
homeland security, emergency management,
law enforcement, firefighting, public works,
public health, responder and recovery worker
health and safety, emergency medical
services, and the private sector and
integrates them into a unified structure.

• It forms the basis of how the
federal government coordinates
with state, local, and tribal
governments and the private
sector during incidents. It
establishes protocols to help in
the following:

• Save lives and protect the health and safety
of the public, responders, and recovery
workers;
• Ensure security of the homeland;
• Prevent an imminent incident, including acts
of terrorism, from occurring;
• Protect and restore critical infrastructure and
key resources;
• Conduct law enforcement investigations to
resolve the incident, apprehend the
perpetrators, and collect and preserve
evidence for prosecution and/or attribution;

• Protect property and mitigate damages
and impacts to individuals,
communities, and the environment;
and
• Facilitate recovery of individuals,
families, businesses, governments, and
the environment.
• The full 426 page copy of this
Emergency Management Plan can be
located at www.OSHA.gov in PDF
format.

OSHA Data Sheet- FactsOSHA Data Sheet- Facts
• The Occupational Safety and Health Administration
aims to ensure worker safety and health in the United
States by working with employers and employees to
create better working environments. Since its inception
in 1971, OSHA has helped to cut workplace fatalities by
more than 60 percent and occupational injury and
illness rates by 40 percent. At the same time, U.S.
employment has doubled from 56 million workers at 3.5
million worksites to more than 115 million workers at 7.1
million sites.
In Fiscal Year 2004, OSHA has an authorized staff of
2,220, including 1,123 inspectors. The agency's
appropriation is $457.5 million.

OSHA Data Sheet- FactsOSHA Data Sheet- Facts
• There were 5,524 worker deaths in 2002, a 6.6
percent drop from 2001. Fatal work incidents
occurred at a rate of 4.0 fatalities per 100,000
workers. Fatalities related to highway
incidents, fires and explosions, and contact
with objects or equipment all declined. Deaths
from job-related falls dropped 12 percent - the
first decrease since 1998 - while the number of
homicides decreased to its lowest level - 609,
a 5-percent drop - since the fatality census
was first conducted in 1992.

OSHA Fire Safety AdvisorOSHA Fire Safety Advisor

•
What should employers do to protect
workers from fire hazards?
Employers should train workers about fire hazards in the
workplace and about what to do in a fire emergency. If
you want your workers to evacuate, you should train
them on how to escape. If you expect your workers to
use firefighting equipment, you should give them
appropriate equipment and train them to use the
equipment safely. (See Title 29 of the Code of Federal
Regulations Part 1910 Subparts E and L; and Part 1926
Subparts C and F.)

OSHA Fire Safety AdvisorOSHA Fire Safety Advisor•
What does OSHA require for emergency fire exits?
Every workplace must have enough exits suitably located to enable
everyone to get out of the facility quickly. Considerations include the type of
structure, the number of persons exposed, the fire protection available, the
type of industry involved, and the height and type of construction of the
building or structure. In addition, fire doors must not be blocked or locked
when employees are inside. Delayed opening of fire doors, however, is
permitted when an approved alarm system is integrated into the fire door
design. Exit routes from buildings must be free of obstructions and properly
marked with exit signs. See 29 CFR Part 1910.36 for details about all
requirements.
Do employers have to provide portable fire extinguishers?
No. But if you do, you must establish an educational program to familiarize
your workers with the general principles of fire extinguisher use. If you
expect your workers to use portable fire extinguishers, you must provide
hands-on training in using this equipment. For details, see 29 CFR Part
1910 Subpart L.

• Must employers develop
emergency action plans?
Not every employer is required to have an
emergency action plan. OSHA standards that require
such plans include the following:
• Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals,
1910.119
• Fixed Extinguishing Systems, General, 1910.160
• Fire Detection Systems, 1910.164
• Grain Handling, 1910.272
• Ethylene Oxide, 1910.1047
• Methylenedianiline, 1910.1050
• 1,3 Butadiene, 1910.1051

It’s all about Prevention….It’s all about Prevention….

When required, employers must
develop emergency action plans that:
• Describe the routes for workers to use and
procedures to follow.
• Account for all evacuated employees.
• Remain available for employee review.
• Include procedures for evacuating disabled
employees.
• Address evacuation of employees who stay behind
to shut down critical plant equipment.
• Include preferred means of alerting employees to a
fire emergency.
• Provide for an employee alarm system throughout
the workplace.

• Require an alarm system that includes voice
communication or sound signals such as
bells, whistles, or horns.
• Make the evacuation signal known to
employees.
• Ensure emergency training.
• Require employer review of the plan with new
employees and with all employees whenever
the plan is changed.
• Must employers have a fire prevention plan?

Employers covered by these standards must
implement plans to minimize the frequency of
evacuations. All fire prevention plans must:
• Be available for employee review.
• Include housekeeping procedures for storage and
cleanup of flammable materials and flammable waste.
• Address handling and packaging of flammable waste.
(Recycling of flammable waste such as paper is
encouraged.)
• Cover procedures for controlling workplace ignition
sources such as smoking, welding, and burning.

Provide for proper cleaning and maintenance of
heat producing equipment such as burners, heat
exchangers, boilers, ovens, stoves, and fryers and
require storage of flammables away from this
equipment.
• Inform workers of the potential fire hazards of
their jobs and plan procedures.
• Require plan review with all new employees and
with all employees whenever the plan is changed.

• What are the rules for fixed extinguishing systems?
Fixed extinguishing systems throughout the workplace
are among the most reliable fire fighting tools. These
systems detect fires, sound an alarm, and send water to
the fire and heat. To meet OSHA standards employers
who have these systems must:
• Substitute (temporarily) a fire watch of trained
employees to respond to fire emergencies when a fire
suppression system is out of service.
• Ensure that the watch is included in the fire prevention
plan and the emergency action plan.
• Post signs for systems that use agents (e.g., carbon
dioxide, Halon 1211, etc.) posing a serious health
hazard.

OSHA Fire Life Safety Guidelines:OSHA Fire Life Safety Guidelines:
• 5-00-20 Flammable and Combustible
Materials
• A. Substitution
• Flammable liquids sometimes may be substituted by
relatively safe materials in order to reduce the risk of
fires. Any substituted material should be stable and
nontoxic and should either be nonflammable or have a
high flashpoint.
• B. Storage
• Flammable and combustible liquids require careful
handling at all times. The proper storage of flammable
liquids within a work area is very important in order to
protect personnel from fire and other safety and health
hazards.

Flammable Storage ContainerFlammable Storage Container

C) Cabinets
– Not more than 120 gallons of Class I,
Class II, and Class IIIA liquids may be
stored in a storage cabinet. Of this total,
not more than 60 gallons may be Class I
and II liquids. Not more than three such
cabinets (120 gallons each) may be
located in a single fire area except in an
industrial area.

• 2) Containers
– The capacity of flammable and combustible liquid
containers will be in accordance with Table 1.
• 3)
– Storage Inside Buildings.
– Where approved storage cabinets or rooms are not
provided, inside storage will comply with the following
basic conditions:
– a.
• The storage of any flammable or combustible liquid shall
not physically obstruct a means of egress from the
building or area.
– b.
• Containers of flammable or combustible liquids will
remain tightly sealed except when transferred, poured or
applied. Remove only that portion of liquid in the storage
container required to accomplish a particular job.

– c.
• If a flammable and combustible liquid storage
building is used, it will be a one-story building
devoted principally to the handling and storing of
flammable or combustible liquids. The building
will have 2-hour fire-rated exterior walls having
no opening within 10 feet of such storage.
– d.
• Flammable paints, oils, and varnishes in 1 or 5
gallon containers, used for building maintenance
purposes, may be stored temporarily in closed
containers outside approved storage cabinets or
room if kept at the job site for less than 10
calendar days.

• C. Ventilation
• Every inside storage room will be provided with a
continuous mechanical exhaust ventilation
system. To prevent the accumulation of vapors,
the location of both the makeup and exhaust air
openings will be arranged to provide, as far as
practical, air movement directly to the exterior of
the building and if ducts are used, they will not be
used for any other purpose.

• D. Elimination of Ignition Sources
• All nonessential ignition sources must be
eliminated where flammable liquids are used or
stored. The following is a list of some of the
more common potential ignition sources:
• Open flames, such as cutting and welding
torches, furnaces, matches, and heaters-these
sources should be kept away from flammable
liquids operations. Cutting or welding on
flammable liquids equipment should not be
performed unless the equipment has been
properly emptied and purged with a neutral gas
such as nitrogen.

• Chemical sources of ignition such as D.C.
motors, switches, and circuit breakers; these
sources should be eliminated where flammable
liquids are handled or stored. Only approved
explosion-proof devices should be used in these
areas.
• Mechanical sparks- these sparks can be
produced as a result of friction. Only non-
sparking tools should be used in areas where
flammable liquids are stored or handled.

• Static sparks- these sparks can be generated
as a result of electron transfer between two
contacting surfaces. The electrons can
discharge in a small volume, raising the
temperature to above the ignition temperature.
Every effort should be made to eliminate the
possibility of static sparks. Also proper bonding
and grounding procedures must be followed
when flammable liquids are transferred or
transported.

• E. Removal of Incompatibles
• Materials that can contribute to a flammable liquid fire
should not be stored with flammable liquids. Examples
are oxidizers and organic peroxides, which, on
decomposition, can generate large amounts of oxygen.
• F. Flammable Gases
• Generally, flammable gases pose the same type of fire
hazards as flammable liquids and their vapors. Many of
the safeguards for flammable liquids also apply to
flammable gases, other properties such as toxicity,
reactivity, and corrosivity also must be taken into
account. Also, a gas that is flammable could produce
toxic combustion products.

Fire Extinguishers:Fire Extinguishers:

• Fire Extinguishers:
• A portable fire extinguisher is a "first aid" device and is very effective
when used while the fire is small. The use of fire extinguisher that
matches the class of fire, by a person who is well trained, can save
both lives and property. Portable fire extinguishers must be installed
in workplaces regardless of other firefighting measures. The
successful performance of a fire extinguisher in a fire situation
largely depends on its proper selection, inspection, maintenance,
and distribution.
• A. Classification of Fires and Selection of
Extinguishers
• Fires are classified into four general categories depending on the
type of material or fuel involved. The type of fire determines the type
of extinguisher that should be used to extinguish it.

• 1) Class A- Fires involve materials such as wood, paper,
and cloth which produce glowing embers or char.
• 2) Class B- Fires involve flammable gases, liquids, and
greases, including gasoline and most hydrocarbon
liquids which must be vaporized for combustion to occur.
• 3) Class C- Fires involve fires in live electrical equipment
or in materials near electrically powered equipment.
• 4) Class D- Fires involve combustible metals, such as
magnesium, zirconium, potassium, and sodium.

• Fire Extinguishers will be selected
according to the potential fire hazard,
the construction and occupancy of
facilities, hazard to be protected, and
other factors pertinent to the situation.

OSHA Duty Clause 29 CFR 1910:OSHA Duty Clause 29 CFR 1910:
The 29 CFR 1910 federal general
duty clause, also known as Section
5(a)(1), requires an employer to
furnish a workplace that is "free
from recognized hazards that are
causing death or serious physical
harm to his employees."

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OSHA Basic Training & Awareness- 01-20-2005

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