This document discusses medicines optimisation, which aims to identify, intervene, and resolve issues with adverse medication performance, inappropriate prescribing, and non-compliance. The goal is to improve treatment outcomes for patients, improve value for the NHS, and ensure optimal and safe treatment based on evidence. Pharmacists can contribute by ensuring safe prescribing adheres to best practices, assessing drug histories for issues like polypharmacy, optimizing drug therapy, providing medication education, and coordinating information for patients. A case study examines a high-risk elderly patient taking multiple medications and proposes recommendations like reviewing medications like diuretics and shorter-acting benzodiazepines to reduce falls risk.