1. Health&Safety
prepared by:
ridhwan ikhsan

3. Effective training is an essential element
in successful health&safety management.

4. According to British Standards Institute,
a proactive approach to health and safety
management is required.

5. In late 1980s….

6. One out of five employers reported
not carried out any training in 1986-1987.

7. of these...

8. only 42% recruited people who were
already experienced
rather than
train new employees.
of these...

9. of these...And...

10. training only provided to 48% of their employees!
of these...And...

11. Only 24% of companies had a training plan.

12. And only one in 40 companies attempted
any cost-benefit analysis of training.

13. While fewer still evaluated the benefits of training.

15. It is difficult to separate the effects of training
from the other factors that influence safe behavior.

16. According to Cooper(1993), one way to assess the behavior
changes solely due to training is to use a control group.

17. It is essential for groups to do identical jobs and
are subject to the same influences everyday.

18. Factors affecting safe behaviour…

19. Adequate selection of individuals
for the tasks that have to be performed.

20. Effective selection requires the employee
to be correctly matched with the job.

21. Adequate supervision.

22. Ensuring that the correct standards of work
are achieved and maintained.

23. Adequate employee motivation.

24. Personal and welfare matters can also
affect individual’s work performance.

25. “deviations not considered important”

26. Commonly practice in an organization, individuals tend to
depart from procedures when circumstances arise.

27. According to Health and Safety Commission...

28. construction sector giving the lowest amount of
training to its employees among industries,
notorious for having a poor safety record.

29. Ensure adequate individual’s
performance by consider all
factors mentioned.

31. errors in problem detection
errors in problem diagnosis
errors in action planning and execution
✓
✓
✓

32. Human Error

34. Human error
is a factor
in many accidents.

36. The traditional view in health and safety
has been to use accident statistics as
the primary measure of performance.

37. However, according to Booth (1992), there are a
large number of inadequacies in this approach.

38. Failure is being measured, not success.

39. Comparisons between different industry sectors
are difficult.

40. Comparisons between different industry sectors
are difficult.only truly comparable with the same
premises in previous years using
the same reporting system.

41. Evidence of previous failures
may not predict future ones.

42. Using accident data alone as a measure of safety
performance has many drawbacks and inadequacies.

43. Training can be seen as one contribution to
the measurement of safety performance.

44. Reference: