“TO STUDY EMPLOYEE HEALTH, SAFETY AND WELFARE AT SUMUL DAIRY”

1
A
SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT
ON
――TO STUDY EMPLOYEE HEALTH, SAFETY AND WELFARE AT SUMUL
DAIRY‖
Submitted to
S.R. LUTHRA INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE
REQUIREMENT OF THE AWARD FOR THE DEGREE OF
MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
In
Gujarat Technological University
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
Faculty Guide: Company Guide:
Mrs. Drashti shah Mr. Manish Bhatt
Assist. Professor Marketing executive
Submitted by
Ms. RICHA BRAHMBHATT
[Batch No. 2015-17, Enrollment No. 158050592015]
MBA SEMESTER III
S.R. LUTHRA INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT – 805
MBA PROGRAMME
Affiliated to Gujarat Technological University
Ahmadabad
July, 2016

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Student’s Declaration
I, Ms. RICHA BRAHMBHATT, hereby declare that the report for Summer
Internship Project entitled ―To Study Employees health, safety and welfare At
Sumul Dairy‖ is a result of my own work and my indebtedness to other work
publications, references, if any, have been duly acknowledged.
Place: Surat
Date: _____________
__________________
(Richa brahmbhatt)

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Institute’s Certificate
Certified that this Summer Internship Project Report Titled ―TO STUDY
EMPLOYEES HEALTH, SAFETY AND WELFARE AT SUMUL DAIRY‖ is the
bonafide work of Ms. Richa brahmbhatt (Enrollment No.158050592015), who
has carried out the research under my supervision. I also certify further, that
to the best of my knowledge the work reported herein does not form part of
any other project report or dissertation on the basis of which a degree or
award was conferred on an earlier occasion on this or any other candidate.
Place: Surat
Date: ________________
___________________
(Drashti shah)
Assi. Professor
___________________
(J. M. Kapadia)
Director

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PREFACE
As a part of the partial fulfillment of the MBA program at S.R. Luthra Institute
of Management, summer training was undertaken with Sumul dairy on report
of ―To Study Employees health, safety and welfare At Sumul Dairy”
during the suggested duration for the period of six weeks, to avail the
necessary information.
The basic purpose behind doing this project report is to get knowledge and to
get the practical experience of working in human resource and it is a link
between theory and actual management of human resource at Sumul.
The project report start with the basic concepts of health, safety and welfare,
meaning of health, safety and welfare and covers the general information of
employee satisfaction level of health, safety and welfare and in this report the
signs of improvement are visible in some indicators under the satisfaction
level of employee.
The information presented in this project report is obtained from sources like
Sumul personnel, websites, other websites, questionnaire, past report and
other literature.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I have taken efforts in this project. However, it would not have been possible
without the kind support and help of many individuals and organizations. I
would like to extend my sincere thanks to all of them.
I am highly indebted to Mrs. Drashti Shah for their guidance and constant
supervision as well as for providing necessary information regarding the
project & also for their support in completing the project.
I would like to express my gratitude towards my parents & member of Sumul
Dairy for their kind co-operation and encouragement which help me in
completion of this project.
I would like to express my special gratitude and thanks to industry persons for
giving me such attention and time.
My thanks and appreciations also go to my college in developing the project
and people who have willingly helped me out with their abilities.

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Executive summery
In any organization to become successful, employee satisfaction level toward
health, safety and welfare is very necessary in today‘s scenario. Employee
satisfaction level towards health, safety and welfare is the terminology used to
describe whether employees are happy and satisfied with the current health,
safety and welfare policy used by organization. Many measures declare that
employee satisfaction level in health, safety and welfare is a factor in
employee motivation, employee goal achievement, and positive employee
morale in the workplace.
Health, safety and welfare are important for the any organization for the
employees betterment and with the help of this benefits organization can
increase productivity. In factory act 1948 there are some benefits that is
include in health measures like cleanliness, ventilation and temperature
control, dust and fumes, drinking water etc. in safety measures there are
fencing of machine, self acting machine, hoist and lifts are included and in
welfare measures washing facility, sitting arrangement, first-aid appliance,
canteen facility are included.
Sumul dairy provides leave policy, training for handling any kind of things, first
aid treatment for the workers and employees. Some factors that also satisfied
by the workers like training before handling difficult machine and some are not
satisfied to the worker like transport facility.
This report conducted Sample size of this survey would be 200 respondents.
Through primary data, and gathered the information though out non
probabilistic convenience sampling method was used to collect the responses
about employees health, safety, and welfare measures. Here, factor analysis
is used which help to deduct the factors into the small components.
In factor analysis there are 7 components. They are the variable constituting
welfare facility, comfort area, working environment, health facility, necessities,
policy, and safety policy. From the analysis it can be concluded that Sumul is
providing most of the health, safety and welfare measures

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Sr.
No.
Particulars Page
No.
1. Introduction 1
2. Industry Profile 11
a. Global
b. National
c. State
d. PESTEL
e. Current trends
f. Major Players
g. Major Offerings
15
18
20
23
26
27
30
3. Company Profile 31
a. Company Profile
b. Organogram
c. Divisions/ Departments
d. SWOT
e. Market Position
31
35
36
39
40
4. Review of Literature 41
5. Research Methodology 48
a. Problem Statement
b. Research Objective
c. Research Design
i. Type of Design
ii. Sampling
iii. Data Collection & tools
iv. Limitations of the Study
48
48
48
48
49
49
49
6. Data Analysis & Findings 50
7. Conclusions and Recommendations 88
8. Bibliography 89
Annexure 91

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LIST OF TABLES
Sr. No. Particulars
Table
No.
Page
No.
1 Gender 6.1 02
2 Age 6.2 04
3 Qualification 6.3 06
4 Annual income 6.4 14
5 Department 6.5 25
6 Experience 6.6
7 Safety and welfare policy 6.7
8
Training for handling any kind of emergency
situation
6.8
9 First-aid treatment 6.9
10 Health insurance and medical benefit 6.10
11 Some factors to be measured 6.11

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LIST OF FIGURES
Sr. No. Particulars
Table
No.
Page
No.
1 Gender 6.1 02
2 Age 6.2 04
3 Qualification 6.3 06
4 Annual income 6.4 14
5 Department 6.5 25
6 Experience 6.6
7 Safety and welfare policy 6.7
8
Training for handling any kind of emergency
situation
6.8
9 First-aid treatment 6.9
10 Health insurance and medical benefit 6.10

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The study was conducted in Sumul dairy, Surat to find the effect of health,
safety and welfare of employees at workplace.
The study intends to see the satisfaction level of the employees on the
facilities provided by the company and how these health, safety and welfare
measures boost the employee‘s morale.
The study on effect of health, safety and welfare an indication of the level of
satisfaction among the employees regarding the general working condition
and the other facilities provided by the organization. This helps the
management to know the general morale of the employees.

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DEFINITION OF HEALTH, SAFETY AND WELFARE:
Employees Health means ‗‘the provisions ensuring the health of workers in
the conditions under which work is carried on the factories.‘‘
Employees Safety means ‗‘the activities that seek to minimize or to eliminate
hazardous conditions that can cause bodily injury‘‘. Occupational safety is
concerned with risks in areas where people work; offices, manufacturing
plants, farms, construction sites, and commercial and retail facilities, public
safety is concerned with hazards in the home, in travel and recreation and in
other situations that do not fall within the scope of occupational safety.
Employees Welfare means ‗‘the effort to make life worth living for workmen‘‘.
When all basic facilities are provided and employees obtain satisfaction then
the productivity can be increased and development of the organization will be
possible.

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THE FACTORY ACT, 1948
The factories act 1948 was act of parliament passed in the United Kingdom
by the labor government of clement Attlee. It was passed with the intention of
safeguarding the health of workers. It extended the age limits for the medical
examination of persons entering factory employment, while also including
male workers in the regulations for providing seats and issuing extensive new
building regulations.
Under the legislation, young persons under the age of eighteen became
subject to medical examination not only on entry to the place of work, but
annually thereafter. Certificates of fitness were also made a requirement for
young people employed in the loading, unloading and coaling of ships and
other kinds of work in ships or wet dock, engineering construction and building
operations as well as for factory employees.
INSPECTING STAFF UNDER FACTORY ACT, 1948
Health measures
Cleanliness-sec 11
The floor of every workroom shall be cleaned at least once in every week by
washing, using disinfectant, where necessary, or by some other effective
method.
Disposal of wastes effluents-sec 12
Effective arrangements shall be made in every factory for the treatment of
wastes and effluents due to the manufacturing process carried on therein, so
as to render them innocuous and for their disposal.

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Ventilation & temperature-sec 13
Effective and suitable provision shall be made in every factory for securing
and maintaining in every workroom-
(a) adequate ventilation by the circulation of fresh air ,
(b) Such a temperature as will secure to workers therein reasonable
conditions of comfort and prevent injury .
Dust and fumes-sec 14
In every factory in which, by reason of the manufacturing process carried on,
there is given off any dust or fume or other impurity of such a nature and to
such an extent as is likely to be injurious or offensive to the workers employed
therein, or any dust in substantial quantities, effective measures shall be
taken to prevent its inhalation and accumulation in any workroom, and if any
exhaust appliance is necessary for this purpose ,it shall be applied as near as
possible to the point of the dust, fume or other impurity, and such point shall
be enclosed so far as possible.
Lighting-sec 17
In every part of a factory where workers are working or passing there shall be
provided and maintained sufficient and suitable lighting, natural or artificial, or
both.
Drinking water- sec 18
In every factory effective arrangements shall be made to provide and maintain
at suitable points conveniently situated for all workers employed therein a
sufficient supply of wholesome drinking water.

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Latrine and urinals-sec 19
In every factory –
A) Sufficient latrine and urinal accommodation of prescribed types shall be
provided conveniently situated and accessible to workers at times they
are at the factory.
B) Separate enclosed accommodation shall be provided for male and
female workers.

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Safety measures
Fencing of machinery – sec 21
In every factory;
a) Every moving part of a prime-mover and every flywheel connected to a
prime-mover, whether the prime-mover or flywheel is in the engine
house or not;
b) The headrace and tailrace of every water-wheel and water-turbine;
c) Any part of a stock bar which projects beyond the head stock of a
lathe.
Work on near machinery in motion- sec 22
Where in any factory it becomes necessary to examine any part of machinery
referred to in section -21, with the machinery is in motion or ,as a result of
such examination to carry out-
a) In a case referred to in clause1 of the provision of sub section of
section 21, lubrication or other adjusting operation
b) In a case referred to in clause 2 of the provision a foresaid, any
mounting or shipping of belts or lubrication or other adjusting operation.
Employment prohibition of young person’s on dangerous machines- sec
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No young person shall be required or allowed to work at any machine to
which this section applies, unless he has been fully instructed as to the
dangers arising in connection with the machine and the precaution to be
observed.

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Striking gear and devices for cutting off power-sec 24
In every factory;
a) Suitable striking gear or other efficient mechanical appliance shall be
provided and maintained and used to move drinking belts to and from
fast and loose pulleys which from part of the transmission machinery
and such gear or appliances shall be so constructed placed and
maintained so as to prevents the belt from creeping back on to the first
pulley
b) Driving belts when not in use shall not be allowed to rest or ride upon
shafting in motion.
Self-acting machines – sec 25
No traversing part of a acting machine in any factory and no material carried
thereon shall, if the space over which it runs is a space over which any person
is liable to pass, whether in the course of his employment or otherwise, be
allowed to run on its outwards or inwards traverse within a distance forty five
centimeters from any fixed structure which is not part of the machine.
Casing of new machinery- sec 26
In all machinery driven by power and installed in any factory after the
commencement of this act,
a) Every set screw, bolt or key on any revolving shaft, spindle, wheel or
pinion shall be so sunk, encased or otherwise effectively guarded as to
prevent danger
b) All spur, worm and other toothed or friction gearing which does not
require frequent adjustment while in motion shall be completely
encased, unless it is so situated as to be as safe as it would be if were
be if were completely encased.

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Prohibition of employment of women and children near cotton openers-
sec 27
No women or child shall be employed in any part of a factory for pressing
cotton in which a cotton opener is at work;
Provided that if the feed end of a cotton opener is in a room separated from
the delivery end by a partition extending to the roof or to such height as the
inspector in any particular case specify in writing, women and children may be
employed on the side of the partition where the feed end is situated.
Hoist and lifts-sec 28
Every hoist and lift shall be-
A) Of good mechanical construction, sound material and adequate
strength;
B) Properly maintained and shall be thoroughly examined by a competent
person at least once in every period of six months, and a register shall
be kept containing the prescribed particular of every such examination;

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Welfare measures
Washing facilities- sec 42
Adequate and suitable facilities for washing shall be provided and maintained
for use of the workers therein;
Separate and adequately screened facilities shall be provided for the use of
male and female workers;
Such facilities shall be conveniently accessible and shall be kept clean.
Facilities for storing and drying clothing –sec 43
The state government, may in respect of any factory or class or description of
factories make rules requiring the provision therein of suitable place for
keeping clothing not worn during working hours and the drying of wet clothing.
Facilities for sitting-sec 44
In every factory suitable arrangement for sitting shall be provided and
maintained for all workers obliged to work in a standing position , in order that
they may take advantage of any opportunities for rest which may occurs in the
course of their work.
First –aid appliances- sec 45
There shall, in every factory, be provided and maintained so as to be readily
accessible during all working hours first-aid boxes or cupboards equipped with
the prescribed contents, and the number of such boxes or cupboards to be
provided and maintained shall not be less than one for every one hundred and
fifty workers ordinarily employed at any one time in the factory.

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Canteen facilities- sec46
The state government may make rules requiring that in any specified factory
wherein more than two hundred and fifty workers are ordinarily employed, a
canteen or canteens shall be provided and maintained by the occupier for the
use of the workers.
Shelters, rest-rooms and lunch-roms-sec47
In every factory wherein more than one hundred and fifty workers are
ordinarily employed adequate and suitable shelters or rest-rooms and a
suitable lunch-room, with provision for drinking water, where workers can eat
meals brought by them, shall be provided and maintained for the use of the
workers:

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A dairy is a business enterprise established for the harvesting or processing
(or both) of animal milk mostly from cows or goats, but also
from buffaloes, sheep, horses, or camels – for human consumption. A dairy is
typically located on a dedicated dairy farm or in a section of a multi-purpose
farm (mixed farm) that is concerned with the harvesting of milk.
Terminology differs between countries. For example, in the United States, the
entire dairy farm is commonly called a "dairy." The building or farm area
where milk is harvested from the cow is often called a "milking parlor" or
"parlor." The farm area where milk is stored in bulk tanks is known as the
farm's "milk house." Milk is then hauled (usually by truck) to a "dairy plant,"
also referred to as a "dairy", where raw milk is further processed and prepared
for commercial sale of dairy products. In New Zealand, farm areas for milk
harvesting are also called "milking parlours", and are historically known as
"milking sheds." As in the United States, sometimes milking sheds are
referred to by their type, such as "herring bone shed" or "pit parlour". Parlour
design has evolved from simple barns or sheds to large rotary structures in
which the workflow (throughput of cows) is very efficiently handled. In some
countries, especially those with small numbers of animals being milked, the
farm may perform the functions of a dairy plant, processing their own milk into
saleable dairy products, such as butter, cheese, or yogurt. This on-site
processing is a traditional method of producing specialist milk products,
common in Europe.
In the United States a dairy can also be a place that processes, distributes
and sells dairy products, or a room, building or establishment where milk is
stored and processed into milk products, such as butter or cheese. In New
Zealand English the singular use of the word dairy almost exclusively refers to
a corner shop, or suppurate. This usage is historical as such shops were a
common place for the public to buy milk products.

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As an attributive, the word dairy refers to milk-based products, derivatives and
processes, and the animals and workers involved in their production: for
example dairy cattle, dairy goat. A dairy farm produces milk and a
dairy factory processes it into a variety of dairy products. These
establishments constitute the global dairy industry, a component of the food
industry.
History
Milk producing animals have been domesticated for thousands of years.
Initially, they were part of the subsistence farming that nomads engaged in.
As the community moved about the country, their animals accompanied them.
Protecting and feeding the animals were a big part of the symbiotic
relationship between the animals and the herders.
In the more recent past, people in agricultural societies owned dairy animals
that they milked for domestic and local (village) consumption, a typical
example of a cottage industry. The animals might serve multiple purposes (for
example, as a draught animal for pulling a plough as a youngster, and at the
end of its useful life as meat). In this case the animals were normally milked

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by hand and the herd size was quite small, so that all of the animals could be
milked in less than an hour—about 10 per milk. These tasks were performed
by a dairymaid (dairywoman) or dairyman. The word dairy harkens back to
Middle English dairies, deyerie, from deye (female servant or dairymaid) and
further back to Old English dæge (kneader of bread).
With industrialization and urbanization, the supply of milk became a
commercial industry, with specialized breeds of cattle being developed for
dairy, as distinct from beef or draught animals. Initially, more people were
employed as milk, but it soon turned to mechanization with machines
designed to do the milking.
Historically, the milking and the processing took place close together in space
and time: on a dairy farm. People milked the animals by hand; on farms where
only small numbers are kept, hand-milking may still be practiced. Hand-
milking is accomplished by grasping the teats (often pronounced tit or tits) in
the hand and expressing milk either by squeezing the fingers progressively,
from the udder end to the tip, or by squeezing the teat between thumb and
index finger, then moving the hand downward from udder towards the end of
the teat. The action of the hand or fingers is designed to close off the milk
duct at the udder (upper) end and, by the movement of the fingers, close the
duct progressively to the tip to express the trapped milk. Each half or quarter
of the udder is emptied one milk-duct capacity at a time.
The stripping action is repeated, using both hands for speed. Both methods
result in the milk that was trapped in the milk duct being squirted out the end
into a bucket that is supported between the knees (or rests on the ground) of
the milk, who usually sits on a low stool.
Traditionally the cow, or cows, would stand in the field or paddock while being
milked. Young stock, heifers, would have to be trained to remain still to be

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milked. In many countries, the cows were tethered to a post and milked. The
problem with this method is that it relies on quiet, tractable beasts, because
the hind end of the cow is not restrained.
In 1937, it was found that bovine somatotropin (BST or bovine growth
hormone) would increase the yield of milk. Monsanto Company developed a
synthetic (recombinant) version of this hormone (rBST). In February 1994,
rBST was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in the
U.S. It was common in the U.S., but has lost popularity due to consumer
demands for rBST-free cows. Only about 25% of dairy cows receive rBST
anymore.
However, there are claims that this practice can have negative consequences
for the animals themselves. A European Union scientific commission was
asked to report on the incidence of mastitis and other disorders in dairy cows,
and on other aspects of the welfare of dairy cows. The commission's
statement, subsequently adopted by the European Union, stated that the use
of rBST substantially increased health problems with cows, including foot
problems, mastitis and injection site reactions, impinged on the welfare of the
animals and caused reproductive disorders. The report concluded that on the
basis of the health and welfare of the animals, rBST should not be
used. Health Canada prohibited the sale of rBST in 1999; the
recommendations of external committees were that, despite not finding a
significant health risk to humans, the drug presented a threat to animal health
and, for this reason, could not be sold in Canada.

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A. GLOBAL:
 GLOBAL PRODUCTION
Global milk production is estimated at approximately 735 billion litres annually.
The largest producers are Europe (EU) at 156 billion litres annually, India at
131 billion litres and the United States (US) at 91B litres. New Zealand is the
8th largest producer at 21 billion litres annually.
These top eight represent 407 billion litres or 55 per cent of global production.
Farming systems varies greatly across these major dairy producers from
India‘s conventional model with an average herd size of less than two, EU‘s
high producing system where cows spend time outside and in barns with a
moderate to high use of supplementary feeds and New Zealand‘s low cost,
largely outdoor pasture only system.
 GLOBAL EXPORTS
Fonterra estimates that annual global trade in dairy ingredients is
approximately 9 per cent of total milk production and was ~65 billion litres on
a milk equivalent basis in 2014.
Of the major dairy producing countries, a number of these countries including
New Zealand, Europe, United States, Belarus, Argentina, Australia and
Uruguay export ~55 million tonnes¹ annually, or around 84% per cent of global
dairy exports.
Dairy exporting countries, by major exported product:
 New Zealand - Powder (SMP and WMP) and milk fat (Butter/AMF)
 Europe – Powder (SMP and WMP) and cheese
 United States – SMP, cheese and whey powder
 Belarus – SMP, cheese and fluid and fresh dairy
 Argentina – WMP and cheese
 Australia – Powder (SMP and WMP) and cheese
 Uruguay - WMP and cheese

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 GLOBAL IMPORTS
Global dairy demand is estimated at 15 million tonnes of product annually.
The top 5 are China, Russia Mexico, Japan and the USA. The US is the only
major importer that is also a major net exporter.
China imports 2 million tonnes of dairy products annually, Russia 1.4 million
tonnes, Mexico and Japan over 500 thousand tonnes each.
In addition, the US, Indonesia, Philippines, Saudi Arabia and Algeria import
over 400 thousand tonnes with Singapore, Iraq, Malaysia, Venezuela and
UAE importing over 300 thousand tonnes annually.
 GLOBAL DAIRY TRADE
Set up by Fonterra in 2008, Global Dairy Trade (GDT) is an online platform for
Fonterra and other manufacturers' globally-traded dairy products, and has
become a leading price reference indicator for the industry.
The auctions, which are referred to as trading events, are run twice each
month. Currently, GDT hosts over 700 qualified bidders from 90 countries
India plays an important role in dairy sector. This is of crucial important to the
country. The country is the world's largest milk producer. According for more
than 13% of world total milk production and it is the world‘s largest consumer
of dairy product, consuming almost 100% of its own milk production estimated
around 74 million tons in 1998.
Currently, India is non-entity in the international dairy market place. Only small
quantities of dairy products are exported to Bangladesh, Shrilanka, Nigeria,
and the Middle East and very recently to the USA. The WTO provides India
with the opportunity to sell their products in the other part of world. Specially
to the 150 million non resident Indians all over the world. An ample export
potential exists for unique traditional milk products such as ethnic sweets and
foods like shrikhand, rasgulla, & paneer. India‘s largest dairy company
GCMMF recently started exporting ghee, butter, and shrikhand under the
Amul brand to the USA. This product will soon be available in Canada also.
The India dairy sector‘s challenges include the need for improvement in
animal feeding, vet services, milk production, collection and transport as well

28
as the need for advances in corporate technology and marketing.
Further liberalization seems to be necessary to make private and foreign
investment in dairy sector more attractive. The Indian dairy industry will need
this additional investment to keep pace with the fast increasing demands for
dairy products. Export opportunities are certainly positive but every litter of
milk exported with creates need for further expansion in dairy industries
unless an important is growing considerably. On the other hand during the
coming WTO-round more pressure will be put on the Indian government to
improve the market access for dairy products.

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B. National:
 Co-operative
A man takes a muster seeds and sows it in his field. It is the smallest of all
seeds, but when it grows up, it has the biggest of all plants. It becomes a tree,
so that birds comes and make their nest in its shredded branches.‖
This approach of the growing and nesting birds the spirit of co-operation
between the natures, the person who shows the seed is the true essence of a
co-operative.
―Co-operation amongst competitive‖ is the fundamental principal. One is
reminded of the story where the father tells his five sons to break small wood
stick individually and then trying toe breaks them when they are join. The
sticks do not break.
 Co-operative-movement-in-dairy-industry
Milk is perhaps the only agriculture product that a farmer is required to sell
twice a day every day of the year. In view to its extremely limited keeping
quality, the farmer has also got to sell it within few hours of production;
otherwise it becomes a total loss. In India as farming is carried on very small it
is not possible for a farmer himself to market what little milk he produce. The
production being small it does not become worthwhile for him to sell the milk
to the consumer himself. Inevitably, therefore draying so developed that
middle man entrench themselves in the milk producing areas to buy the milk
from the farmer transport it to the consuming centres and to sell in to the
consumer. We are all aware of the tremendous exploitation that the middle
man indulges in when marketing agricultural commodities.
Even product like wheat, rice, tobacco, the exploitation of the farmer by
middle men is very important but these are products that are needed to be
marketed only once a year. We mean by it that the farmer in a particular area
or village should become members of co-operative society and that they
should over their milk to their society for marketing. If it is found that the
quantum of milk collected by the society is very small, and this is usually the
case, then a number of those societies federate themselves into union. The
union then owns and operates a dairy plant, which will process this milk and

30
market it. In the co-operative system, therefore the farmer will find himself
supplying milk to a dairy a bit of whom he owns, in the running of which he
say and in the profit of which he has a share. The farmer begins to be
receptive to new ideas, which would help him increase the quantity and
improve the quality of the milk he produces.
The farmers‘ co-operative, sensititive as it must be to the need of the farmer
then being to provide technical know-how and other facilities like veterinary
aid, artificial insemination, better feeds. In order to increase the productivity at
the farmer‘s end. The co-operative society was stated about 26years ago in
indices while in the foreign country (Britain). It was established in 1844. I.e.
146 years ago.
In Gujarat the first milk producer union was stated in kheda district were
inspire and guided by the sardar Patel and the kheda district milk producer
union ltd. The co-operative based industry was started in 1946 at Anand
name ―AMUL DAIRY‖.
Following the footstep of ―Amul Dairy‖ the milk producer union was started at
Surat in 1951. It is called as Surat in ―Sumul Dairy‖. Then in 1957-58, the
other co-operative milk producer union was established in Baroda called
―Baroda dairy‖ in 1960. ―Dhanasura Dairy‖ was started in Mahesana. In
Banaskantha district, the ―Banas Dairy was established in 1966.
Dr. V.Kurien the General Manager of Amul Dairy talked to Mr. Bhalabhai Patel
a prominent of dairy industry is Sabarkantha District and with great task
efforts on the Mr.Bhalubhai Patel the foundation Chairman Mr. C.C. Desai,Mr.
Gopalbhai Patel and Mr. Ambabhai Patel. The Sabarkantha district Co-
operative Milk producers‘ union was established on 27th November 1964. It
called as ―Sabar Dairy‖. It has got its name as it is situated in the Sabarkantha
district first 19 societies registered their names on 20th October 1965. 5100
litters‘ milk was collected and supplied for Ahmadabad. Ahmadabad municipal
dairy could not accept more quantity of milk during the seasons.
For the first seven years the milk union kept in on supplying raw milk to
Ahmadabad municipal dairy and could not expand its activities due lack of
financial sources. Therefore, in 1970 the milk union submitted proposal to
Indian Dairy Corporation for establishment of multi product dairy plant in
Sabarkantha district.

31
c. State:
The emergence of India as a premier dairy nation of the world could be
attributed mainly to the intensive crossbreeding programmers implemented
throughout the country over the last few decades. The population pressure
and emerging global opportunities further necessitate that the efforts for
enhancing animal productivity are accelerated. This calls for continuance of
well-proven technologies such as crossbreeding with superior germplasm
coupled with improvement in the productivity of vast population of generally
low producing cattle and buffaloes at faster rate using emerging reproductive
and molecular technologies. There is a great potential for application of
multiple ovulation and embryo transfer technology for production and faster
multiplication of superior germplasm of elite animals. There is also scope for
identifying the unique genes specific to indigenous dairy animal genetic
resources using the molecular techniques. It is expected that by the use of
such technologies more number of superior animals per unit time can be
obtained by reduction in generation interval which could further increase the
pace of genetic advances by increasing the intensity of selection.
Technologies for raising male buffalo calves economically should be
developed as this potential source of income of farmers is almost going
waste. Studies also need to be conducted to quantify the emission of methane
and other green house gases from Indian dairy sector and methods also need
to be devised for mitigating such emission.
Besides meeting domestic demands, it may also be possible to export
germplasm to tropical developing countries. In this context National Dairy
Research Institute (NDRI) Karnal has also set the target of enhancing its
semen production from the present level of about 0.1 million doses annually to
about 2.5 million doses per year by 2020 A.D. Also about 400-500 males from
elite herds of Sahiwal, Crossbreds and Murrah, are proposed to be supplied
every year for genetic improvement in the country. For improvement of
various breeds of cattle and buffaloes there is a need to form Breed Societies.
These departments could interact with various developmental agencies
including Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) for this purpose. In all

32
interactive programmers involving field recording, progeny testing and data
bank should be taken to supply information on availability of semen, bulls,
females etc. for consistent genetic improvement of livestock. To effectively
monitor these programmers, there is an urgent need for linking them with bio-
informatics centers at state, national and international levels. There is also an
urgent need to develop national animal production and health information
system and disease free zones in the country.
Future Challenges
Housing management aspect of the new breeds/ strains of high yielding dairy
animals developed in the country also needs to be addressed adequately as it
is essential to realize the high milk production potential. Animal‘s shelter
requirement varies according to the agro-climatic conditions of the region and
the socio-economic condition of its farmers. The pattern of traditional animal,
shelters also varies from region to region. In order to make specific
recommendations it is essential to take into consideration the physiological,
behavioral and other related aspects of the animal comfort. It is, therefore,
essential to carry out the detailed investigation on type and system of housing
required for different agro-climatic regions and suggests ideal shelter systems
based on these objective criteria.
For meeting the nutritional requirements of the livestock, particularly high
yielding milk animals there is a need to increase the bioavailability of the
feeds and fodders by increasing the research efforts in the area of feed
processing using chemical, biological and biotechnological approaches. Also,
it is necessary to improve the productivity of the land for meeting out the feed
and fodder requirements from the limited area available for this purpose.
There is also the need to encourage farmer‘s unions, NGOs and cooperatives
to put common property lands under improved pasture and silvi pastoral
systems. There is also a need for revising and updating the Indian feeding
standards to make them more realistic and internationally accepted systems.
An exercise has to be conducted to develop an effective plan for improving
the availability of feed resources of the country, as there is shortage of feeds,
resulting in inadequate supply of nutrients especially protein, energy and

33
minerals. Besides this, we need to explore new feed resources and evaluate
them for livestock feeding and find out how much these can be useful in
bridging the gap between supply and demand of the nutrients. For updating
the information about feed resources, there is a need to generate information
on the level of anti nutritional factors in the feeds. Presently, data on the levels
of aflatoxins, pesticide residues, heavy metals in feeds and fodders is
inadequate; therefore, it is imperative to generate this information so that we
will be in a position to specify the quality of feeds as per international
standards in the present era of globalization.

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D.PESTLE analysis:
The dairy industry is a sub-set of the agricultural industry and deals with the
production, consumption and sale of milk based products, such as milk,
butter, cheese, cream and ice cream. There are many factors which affect the
running of the dairy industry, and a PESTLE analysis of the industry is as
follows:
Political:
Government policies and regulations regarding agricultural products will affect
the farmer's decisions to keep livestock and extract milk out of them relative to
others use of livestock. If government policies and incentives are in favour of,
for example, promoting beef or mutton, it would be more in farmer's interests
to slaughter their cows rather than draw milk from them. This is especially true
in agrarian economies.
Economic:
The most obvious economic factor affecting the dairy industry would purchase
in the economy as a whole. Milk and its most basic form is considered an
essential product and people still make an effort to purchase milk regardless
of their cash position. As a result, the sales of milk would not be significantly
hit in case of a reduction in a family income, Increase in purchasing power
however can lead to an increase in the acquisition of pets such a dogs and
cats and their spending on these pets will increase. A reduction in purchasing
power, for example, one which is caused by increase inflation, will have the
opposite effect as people cease to acquire pets or abandon their existing
ones. In case of dairy products other than milk. an increase in purchasing
power will cause an increase in consumption, while a decline in purchasing
power will have the opposite effect. This is because these products come
under the category of luxuries and /or non essential goods.

35
Sociological:
A social factor that could affect the dairy industry is growing concerns over
halal food in regions where Muslims are in a majority. This is because
Muslims don't consume products that they don't believe to be halal, so if a
dairy product manufacturer is considering to expand into a Muslim-Majority
region it must take care of this issue before it considers entering such a
market.
Attitudes towards obesity can also affect sales of milk and dairy products in
the market. A general perception that full-fat dairy products contribute
towards obesity can cause a shift away from full-fat versions towards healthier
lower-fat or skim varieties. Similarly, other ingredients such as sugar and
gluten may also trigger certain conditions such as diabetes or gluten allergies.
A dairy manufacturer needs to take all this into account before launching a
particular product or product line.
Technological
Technology has made it possible for dairy manufacturers to market several
different kinds of dairy products, along with several variants of these products
at a very low cost. A main factor in the upward trend of the dairy industry has
been the pace with which technological advances have been embedded into
farming practices, often enough under the pressure of falling prices and the
necessity to vindicate land values resulting from excessive optimism in
periods of rising prices."
Environmental
The dairy industry is heavily dependent on the health and availability of
livestock. Plagues, epidemics and other diseases affecting the livestock,
more specifically cattle, will reduce the quality of milk and supply will be
adversely affected if the livestock is killed off.
The climate in which a dairy manufacturer chooses to operate is another
concern. In a warm climate, a dairy manufacturer will have to look into
methods of preservation in order to be able to extend their products shelf

36
lives without the items going bad. Similarly, in the case of refrigerated or
frozen foods they will also have to look into ways of extending durability in
regions where power outages are common. The climate also influences the
product lines the manufacturer will branch into. In warmer countries, for
example, ice creams and frozen desserts may be more successful, while in a
colder country cheese or tea whiteners would be more successful than ice
creams.
Legal:
Organizations such as the FDA in the United States and their counterparts
in other countries heavily regulate food items in their respective countries.
The dairy industry is no different as it too will be required to abide by any
laws imposed by all food regulatory bodies in the countries in which they
operate. While the specifics vary from country to country, many laws are
similar across all countries. For example, most countries require all food
and beverage manufacturers, including dairy manufacturers, to display
complete nutritional information of all their products very clearly on the
product labels. This includes calorie counts, serving sizes, number of
servings per container as well as nutrient information.
Dairy manufacturers will also have to comply with all laws related to
advertising and product labeling in their own country. For example, they will
have to clearly mention any potential allergy-causing ingredient for example
nuts or gluten, on their product labels. Similarly, they will also have to
refrain from false claims in advertising. For example, they would not be
allowed to state that a particular product is "100 percent sugar-free" when
there are traces of sugar in it

37
E. Current Trends in Dairy Sector in India
The most basic feature of Indian dairy sector is that it is still predominantly
unorganized. Of the total milk produced in India, only 18-20% is channelized
via the organized sector. The unorganized sector is yet to participate into the
modern processing infrastructure. However, there is gradual and steady shift
in positive direction because of favorable ―consumption dynamics‖ led by
increasing demand for packaged milk and value added products. Despite
being largest producer and consumer of milk, India‘s per capita dairy
consumption levels are significantly lower than developed countries. India is
neither an active importer nor an active exporter in Milk sector. Most of the
produced milk is consumed domestically; despite that the eastern part of the
country is milk deficient and thus, the industry is to remain demand driven for
a long term. The main challenges faced by dairy industry are in sourcing and
logistics. This is because procurement of the fresh milk is the most crucial
element of this business. It is not feasible to procure milk beyond a 200
kilometers radius; because of perish ability of the product. Another challenge
is low productivity and yield. For example, New Zealand has three times more
productivity than India. The cold storage and supply chain infrastructure
bottlenecks are ubiquitous in entire farm sector in India. There is a need to
develop these infrastructure facilities at least at tier-3 center.

38
F. Major players:
The Indian Dairy Industry is one of the largest and fastest growing industries
in the country that provide ample job opportunities and contribute significantly
to the economy of the country.
The Indian Dairy Industry is comprised of numerous dairy companies that
produce variety of milk products.
The products made up of milk are healthy as well as tasty and liked by every
section of the society. This post describes about the top 10 Dairy Companies
in India.
Major Players About them
Amul Amul is a name of quality and trust and holds
the major part of milk products in India. Some
of its popular products include Milk, Butter,
Ghee, Milk Powder, Chocolate, Paneer, etc.
Brown Ghee, Cheese Spread and Whipping
Cream are some of the newly launched
products of Amul.
MOTHER DAIRY Mother Dairy holds a significant market share
of dairy products in the Delhi-NCR region and
has 6 dairy manufacturing plants in the
country. , Mother Dairy also produces edible
oils, processed foods, fruit beverages, juices,
etc. Some of its most selling products include
Milk, Ice- Creams, Dahi, Lassi and Flavoured
Milk.

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KARNATAKA CO-
OPERATIVE MILK
FEDERATION (KMF)
The product line of KMF is vast and consist of
more than 60 Milk Products. Some of the
products of KMF include Toned Milk, Curd,
Lassi, Ghee, Milk Powder, Ice Cream,
Chocolates, etc.
KWALITY LIMITED Kwality Limited is an ISO certified Dairy
Company, which was established in the year
1992. Kwality Limited has 6 Milk Processing
Plants in the country and sells its milk products
under the brand name of ―Dairy Best‖.
AAVIN Aavin is a brand of milk products owned by
Tamil Nadu Co-operative Milk Producers‘
Federation Limited. Aavin was established in
the year 1958 and since its inception it has
continuously provided quality rich products.
Toned Milk, Full Cream Milk, Flavoured Milk,
Ghee, Cheese, Butter, etc. are some of its best
selling products.
. MILMA MILMA stand at 6th in the list of top 10 dairy
companies in India. The product line of MILMA
includes Milk, Curd, Paneer, Chocolate, Ice
Cream, Ghee, etc.
OMFED Orissa State Cooperative Milk Producers
Federation, popularly termed as OMFED is a
Dairy Company in Odisha, which was started
in the year 1985.
The main products of OMFED include Toned
Milk, Ghee, Curd, Cheese, Lassi, Butter and

40
Ice Cream. Apart from milk products, OMPED
also produces Fruit Juices, Jam, Pickle,
Turmeric Powder, Cattle Feed Products, etc.
DUDHSAGAR DAIRY Next on this list is Dudhsagar Dairy, a Dairy
Company in Gujarat, which was started in the year
1963. Dudhsagar Dairy is a fast growing dairy
company, achieved a growth rate of 25% in
turnover during the financial year 2013-14.
Andhra Pradesh Dairy Andhra Pradesh Dairy Development Cooperative
Federation Ltd. (AP Dairy) was started in the year
1960 and since its inception it has continuously
provided excellent quality milk products.
AP Dairy sells its milk products under the brand
name of ―Vijaya‖.
SCHREIBER DYNAMIX
DAIRY
Schreiber Dynamic Dairy is a Dairy Company in
Maharashtra, which was started in the year 1995.
The main products are Milk, Milk Powder, Cheese,
Butte and Ghee.
Refffre: http://listz.in/top-10-dairy-companies-in-
india.html

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G. Major Offerings:
Dairy activities have traditionally been integral to India's rural economy. The
country is the world's largest producer of dairy products and also their largest
consumer. Almost its entire produce is consumed in the domestic market and
the country is neither an importer nor an exporter, except in a marginal sense.
Despite being the world's largest producer, the dairy sector is by and large in
the primitive stage of development and modernization. Though India may
boast of a 200 million cattle population, the average output of an Indian cow is
only one seventh of its American counterpart. Indian breeds of cows are
considered inferior in terms of productivity. Moreover, the sector is plagued
with various other impediments like shortage of fodder, its poor quality, dismal
transportation facilities and a poorly developed cold chain infrastructure. As a
result, the supply side lacks in elasticity that is expected of it.
On the demand side, the situation is buoyant. With the sustained growth of
the Indian economy and a consequent rise in the purchasing power during the
last two decades, more and more people today are able to afford milk and
various other dairy products. This trend is expected to continue with the sector
experiencing a robust growth in demand in the short and medium run. If the
impediments in the way of growth and development are left unaddressed,
India is likely to face a serious supply - demand mismatch and it may
gradually turn into a substantial importer of milk and milk products.
Fortunately, the government and other stakeholders seem to be alive to the
situation and efforts to increase milk production have been intensified.
Transformations in the sector are being induced by factors like new found
interest on the part of the organized sector, new markets, easy credit facilities,
dairy friendly policies by the government, etc. Dairy farming is now evolving
from just an agrarian way of life to a professionally managed industry - the
Indian dairy industry. With these positive signals, there is hope that the sector
may eventually march towards another white revolution.
Dairy Industry in India: 2013-2019 is the third edition of this highly acclaimed
publication. The study is an outcome of an intensive research of the Indian

42
dairy industry that draws upon a comprehensive analysis of every major dairy
segment in India. The study, which is based both on desk research and four
waves of qualitative primary research, has delved deeply into the following
aspects of the Indian dairy market:

44
A. ABOUT SUMUL:
Sumul or Surat Milk Union Limited, which is now renamed as The Surat
District Co-operative Milk Producers' Union Ltd, is one among the 17 district
unions which acts as manufacturing units of dairy products for Gujarat Co-
operative Milk Marketing Federation Limited, the marketers of Amul brand of
products.
Surat District has been a Pioneer in India in channeling trade in Cotton and
Milk through co-operatives. Before SUMUL stepped in, traditional Private Milk
Traders were dominant in the area.
The private trade was monopolizing the Milk market and exploiting both the
Milk Producers and Consumers alike. The milk procurement price which used
to be fixed by the traders (traditional Bhatia) was very low and was fluctuating
from time to time at their sole discretion. This has capitalized on the absence
of any infrastructure and processing facilities and has managed to keep
producers from deriving equitable benefits from the marketable surplus
generated. As such their income from milk was very low and they had no
incentive for modern dairy farming. The farmers resented the system, but
were helpless in the face of these traditional constraints and to their own lack
of resource lessness.
Dairying on the other hand, was never popular with tribal's (a major rural
population in the District) as practically no infrastructure existed for milk
marketing in their talukas, inaccessibility to their villages as well as taboos
regarding keeping of buffaloes prevented the entire population of tribal's from
considering dairying as a source of income. The tribal's kept their cows to
produce bullocks rather than milk, which was insufficient even to nurse the
calves. Most of the tribal's were unaware of the usual milk breeds, what to say
of Scientific Animal Husbandry?
Hygienic and pure milk was almost unknown in the market. In fact unbridled
adulteration of milk was practiced by these traders to meet the growing
demand of milk in the city. To salvage the poor producers from the clutches of
these Private Traders, Organization and integration of procurement,

45
processing and marketing of milk and milk products by the producers
themselves on a sound co. operative line was essential; this would also
ensure elimination of middlemen, equitable distribution of benefits to Rural
Milk Producers and indirectly to urban milk consumers as well.
Hence, the Surat District Co. operative Milk Producers' Union Ltd., SUMUL is
trade name and literally meaning sound price, came into existence on August
22, 1951
SUMUL’S VISION STATEMENT
―We are socially responsible organization with commitment to consumer
delight and respect for all. We believe in growth and continuous improvement
through teamwork, trust & excellence without compromising our honesty and
integrity‖
Value:
EXCELLENCE, DEDICATION, TEAM WORK, COOPERATION,
OWNERSHIP, TRUST AND COURAGE, HONESTY, TRANSPARENCY,
SELF LEADERSHIP
SUMUL'S MISSION STATEMENT
Sumul is the market legend capturing 78 % of market in Surat and want to be
the most believable Organization going towards Total Customer Satisfaction
up to the Customer door. Sumul Dairy has prepared Mission-2020 on the
basis of Vision and Values. Overview of Mission- 2020 is as follows:

46
OBJECTIVE OF SUMUL
 To provide year round milk market for their surplus milk and to earn
reasonable returns for the milk to improve their quality of life.
 To procure milk and process it into good quality milk and milk products
to market it at most economically and efficiently to give maximum
overall net returns to the producers and general satisfaction to the
consumers.
 To provide essential technical inputs and services to the producers at
their door steps in an economic and efficient manner and also in a way
most acceptable to them to increase milk production and to reduce the
cost of production.

47
B. ORGANOGRAM
(Organizational structure)

48
C. Departments/Divisions:
There are 10 departments at Sumul, they are as follows.
1. HR department:
The following activities performed by H.R.D
 Recruitment and Selection
 Performance Appraisal
 Promotion
 Transfer
 Demotion
 Welfare Activities
 Training and Development
 Induction Training
 Motivation system
All the activities of H.R.D. & E.R. Department are done under the
Factory Act. The organization has to follow all the rules of Factory
Act. If they disobey any rules of Factory Act, The organization has to
pay penalty.
2. Finance department
3. Sales & Marketing department:
SUMUL‘S milk marketing in Surat city is monitored, eliminatingcostly sales-
booths and through regular and assured twice a day
supply of milk to1662concessionaires (Agents) and 198institutional buyers,
through 85 contractors' route vehicles. There is guaranteed cash inflow of the
sales proceeds on day-to-day basis and safe return of crates etc. to the Dairy

49
4. Veterinary Department:
Various livestock development programs are aimed to increase the
productivity of the animals on sound scientific methodology. The main
activities and programs of the department includes:-
 Breed improvement programme using superior germplasm
 Veterinary health care & Disease Control Programme.
 Extension Activities
5. Production & Engineering Department:
 Stores Management.
 Quality Checking.
 Packing of Finished Goods.
 Printing on Packed Product.
 Dispatching of Goods.
 Washing and Cleaning of Machine & Equipments Regularly
6. Accounts Department & Audit Section
7. Assembling Department
8. Quality Department:
Quality Assurance Manager performs following activities:
 To test the specifications of raw material.
 To suggest the production department for producing products as per
the parameters tested.
 To test the parameters of finished products before packing.
9. Store & Purchase Department:
Store Department is checking quantity of all material and there is a unique
recording system, which is called COMPUTER ORACLE SYSTEM.
Computer Oracle System is use for generating Indents for required products.
Indents is analyzed by Material Manager (MM) and discussed with concern
department and Finally Indents is forwarded to Purchase department.

50
Store Department performs following activities:
1. Storing Raw Materials and Finished Goods.
2. Providing the equipments whenever enquired.
3. Maintain bin cards.
4. Prepare indent letters.
5. Keeping records of material used purchased and current stock

51
D.SWOT ANALYSIS
STRENGTHS:
 Good Transport facility.
 Every time availability of milk as a when require.
 Lots of products are available in market.
 From 1961 the milk has not been spoiled.
WEAKNESSES:
 Pasteurization has overcome this weakness partially. UHT gives
milk long life. Surely, many new processes will follow to improve
milk quality and extend its shelf life. Theoretically, there is little
control over milk yield. However, increased awareness of
developments like embryo transplant, artificial insemination and
properly managed animal husbandry practices, coupled with higher
income to rural milk producers should automatically lead to
improvement in milk yields
 Then competition has to be faced as a ground reality. The market is
large enough for many to carve out their niche.
OPPORTUNITIES:
Created and managed by 3 lacks farmers has been manufacturing
and marketing milk under the brand name of SUMUL
THREATS:
Sumul has no brand loyalty in the chocolate and ice-cream market so,
consumer frequently shift their brands.

52
E. Market Position
During the year we could made 20% more turnover & we have sale the milk
with 11.19% rise which is a record till the time in which milk sale in Surat city
8.23% rise seen in sale. During the year milk brand from big scale corporate
culture of Saurashtra & Mumbai have been introduced which has captured 30
—40% market in Saurashtra & 10% market in Ahmadabad. We could defeat
the well known companies having expert officers, technicians & big budgets
for advertising to sale & captured the market.
No. Details Total Litters/Kg Increase in %
1 Sumul Total Milk Sale 390558465.40 11.19%
2 Surat city Total milk sale 337872810.20 08.23%
3 Total Butter milk sale 41153111.20 -01.20%
4 Total Curd sale 2138093.20 25.00%
At one stage this milk brand had drawn our union & our products inferior in
Surat city even than we get success to beat them by our stable management.
Maximum daily milk sale has been reached up to 1206115 liters to year.
During the year it has been increased, 8.23% in milk sale in Surat city, In
competition we delivered more milk in which distribution expenditure was 38
paisa which is 5% less than the last year.
Ghee sale was being 12% less due to the milk fat shortage during the year
but we could sale Paneer 14.13% more & earned 7.6% amount more from the
Sweets & Shrikhand sale.

54
Todd (1933) analyzed that the labour welfare is the voluntary efforts of the
employers to establish, within the existing industrial system, working and
sometimes living and cultural conditions of the employees beyond what is
required by law, the custom of the industry and the conditions of the market.
Kandwaty (1997) examined management fails to provide a safe and
satisfying work climate, workers should respond by absenteeism, lateness or
deliberately working slowly. Due to some financial constraints both enterprises
end up finding themselves not employing a range of health and wellness
initiatives to address health improvement in workplaces. In response to this,
Botswana has established Factories Act (Chapter 44:01) which has stipulated
some guidelines on how to exercise the good health and safety of employees.
Section 51 of Part VII of Factories Act stipulate that in every factory which is in
connection with any process carried on where dust or fume or any other
impurity of such a character and to such an extent as to be likely to be
injurious or offensive to the person employed, all practical measures should
be taken to protect the persons employed. Section53 of the same Act
continues to add that where workers are employed in any process involving
excessive
Alexander and Michael (1998) undertook to assess the merits of such
training rules to achieve this objective and to sort out factors of consequence.
The review focused heavily on published reports, primarily drawn from the
period 1980 through 1996, wherein training was used as an intervention effort
to reduce risk of work-related injury and disease. Eighty (80) such reports
were found and gave overwhelming evidence to show the merits of training in
increasing worker knowledge of job hazards, and in effecting safer work
practices and other positive actions in a wide array of worksites. Reports from
select surveys and investigations of worker injuries and workplace fatalities
were also accessed with many implicating lack of training as a contributing
factor to the mishaps. In still other studies, workplace training devoted to first
aid instruction showed linkage to reduced worker injury rates, suggesting that
even this kind of training has benefits to job safety overall. A critical analysis
of the above findings found certain qualifications in viewing training impacts.

55
Jane et. al.(2001) the paper study that whether employment status after job
loss due to privatization influences health and use of health services and
whether financial strain, psychosocial measures, or health related behaviors
can explain any findings. The conclusion of the study is Insecure re-
employment and unemployment after privatization result in increases in minor
psychiatric morbidity and consultations with a general practitioner, which are
possibly due to the increased minor psychiatric morbidity.
Sabarirajan, Meharajan.t (2001) analyzed the study on employee welfare in
Textile industry. The study shows that 15% of the employees are employees
are satisfied with their welfare measures.39 % of the employees is average
with their welfare measures. 16% of them are in highly dissatisfied level. This
study throws light on the impact of welfare measures on QWL among the
employees of textile mills in Salam district.‖ While describing the Welfare in
Indian INDUSTRIAL SECTOR,
Ken.w(2007) the objective of this research project was to develop a formal
safety program that addresses these problems, then to develop a method to
promote the new program. The development of the new program was to be
accomplished by analyzing the current safety program and comparing this
program to others that the consultant had developed, and similar industries.
As a result of the review of the current program, it is recommended by the
consultant that the current program not be scrapped in favor or a new
program. It would be more beneficial to modify the current program rather
than to attempt to start over with a new safety program.
Abdullah, Spickett, Rumchev & Dhaliwal (2007) study on organizational
factors on safety in Taiwan and Japan reported that the influence of
organizational factors in both countries were different due to dissimilar culture.
For example, they discovered that Taiwanese leadership style was ―Top-
Down Directive‖ where top management communicated safety policies and
involved in safety activities while Japanese safety leadership was more
focused on ―Bottom-Up Participative‖ where top management
promoted employees‘ participation in any safety activities.

56
Ragin (2007), health and safety is a universal element that needs to be taken
into consideration especially in small and medium enterprises as it is
becoming a major problem for employers in the world. Tailor (1998) continues
to add that health and safety of employees in small and medium enterprises
has long being ignored in Africa and as a result there are increasing cases of
accidents occurring in small and medium enterprises. There is usually lack of
management support in small and medium enterprises as most of them look
at maximizing of profits instead of improving the working conditions hence the
results are poor health and safety of the employees.
Joseph et.al. (2009) studied in the article points out that the structure of a
welfare state rests on its social security fabric. Government, employers and
trade unions have done a lot to promote the betterment of worker‘s conditions.
Sabarirajan et.al.(2010) shows that 15% of the employees are highly
satisfied with their welfare measures. 22 % of the employees are satisfied with
their welfare measures.39 % of the employees are average with their welfare
measures. 16% of them are in highly dissatisfied level. Welfare measures
plays important role in employee satisfaction and it results in improved quality
of work life. This study throws light on the impact of welfare measures on
QWL among the employees of textile mills in Salem district.
Josephine .M and Rudolph L. (2011) The purpose of this research is to
understand the views of different employees in small and medium enterprises
about what can be done to improve the health and safety in work places.
From the findings, it shows that when good health and safety practices are not
put in place, accidents ,major and minor injuries can happen, and it is what
most of the employees in other companies have so far experienced. This
implies that if health and safety is not managed effectively, both the two
parties being employees and the organization would suffer because for the
organization to function effectively, it needs employees and for the people to
survive, they need to work

57
Zanko, M. & Dawson, P. (2012).In examining the research literature on
occupational health and safety (OHS), this paper argues that the growth in the
number of specialists in OHS has resulted in an emphasis on policy and
practice away from more scholastic concerns previously addressed by
academics in the disciplines of psychology and sociology. A hiatus has
occurred, and this is evidenced by the general absence of studies in
management, even though OHS is increasingly seen as a key operational and
strategic concern of business organizations.
Ramanigopal. C (2012) concluded the company has given maximum effort
and dedication to implement the labour laws and regulations and it has
succeeded in implementing effective safety and health management
considering the type of safety and health problems, accidents, employees and
technology in its organizational settings and also good level of satisfaction
among employees regarding healthy and safety has been achieved.
Satyanarayna and Reddi (2012) stated that the overall satisfaction levels of
employees about welfare measures in the organization cover is satisfactory.
However, a few are not satisfied with welfare measures provided by the
organization. Therefore it is suggested that the existing welfare measures
may be improved further. Such welfare measures enrich the employee
standard of living and their satisfaction levels.
Sindhu (2012) stated the employee welfare measures increase the
productivity of organization and promote healthy industrial relations there by
maintaining industrial peace. Organizations provide welfare facilities to their
employees to keep their motivation levels high. Business houses provide
many such statutory and non statutory things policies to maintain satisfactory
level of their employee. When they get better canteen facilities, good water to
drink, clean restrooms, clean and hygiene wash rooms and bathrooms,
regular medical checkups, health insurances, Employee assistance
programme, grievance handling department, better facilities to sit or good
work place gives employee a high level of satisfactory level. This gives an
organisation to grow much faster.

58
Upadhyay and Gupta (2012) conclude that communication plays a major role
in increasing the satisfaction of an employee. Satisfied employees are
reported to have high morale. Welfare measures and work experience does
not necessarily relates to satisfaction .Therefore its recommended that
company should provide for adequate welfare measures but should not
burden itself by increasing the cost part of it in greed to earn the competitive
edge and declare itself as most desired company. Other factors like good and
open communication, providing motivating factors, empowerment etc should
be taken into consideration for increasing the employee satisfaction level.
Resma and Basavraju (2013) stated the employee welfare is a
comprehensive term including various services, benefits and facilities offered
to employees of the organization. This study enlightens the concept of welfare
measures; it also highlights the employee‘s perception regarding the various
statutory welfare measures provided by the Donimalai Iron Ore Mine,
Bellary. Logasakthi and Rajagopal (2013) reveled the employees enjoy not
only the satisfaction of their jobs but also various facilities given by the firms.
The labours extend their maximum support for the improvement of the
company. The personal department takes care of the total human resources
in the company. The management provides all the health safety and welfares
to the employees that will help to produce better performance in the work and
working environment.
Srinivas (2013) identified welfare facilities and employee‘s satisfaction level
about welfare facilities adopted at Bosch limited, Bangalore. It is found that
most of the, welfare facilities like medical, canteen, working environment,
safety measures etc., are provided by the company and most of the
employees are satisfied with the welfare facilities adopted by the company
towards the employee‘s welfare.

59
Nanda and Panda (2013) stated the Rourkela Steel Plant has adopted a
better kind of welfare activities which create an effective working environment
and thus better productivity. There is different kind of welfare schemes like
medical allowance; death relief fund, insurance, housing and transportation
facilities recreation club etc. are provided by the company to the employees to
maintain the industrial relation better one .The premises and the departments
are maintained healthy. Also proper safety measures have been adopted in
the organization. All matters relating to safety, health and welfare of
employees are properly implemented. .
Prabakar .S (2013) the purpose of the study is employees satisfaction
&welfare measures and to know the awareness about the concept of
employees welfare. The studies conclude that employees are satisfied and
some are not satisfied with the present welfare measures. Hence, taking the
global reality, the management may review the problem with a soft mind.
Sulaiman .J , Alaguthankamani (2013) The study is to know the overall
welfare of an employee with special preference to Safety and Health
programs, at two wheeler spare parts manufacturing industry in Chennai.
Surveys are conducted to know how the Safety, Health and Environmental
Improvements measures are taken by the industry. The result of this study
shows that majority of the employees perceive the present efforts taken by the
two wheeler spare parts manufacturing industry in Chennai, on safety
measures and work environment is satisfactory.
Tiwari.U (2014) the basic propose of employee welfare is to enrich the life of
employees and to keep them happy and conducted. Welfare measures may
be both statutory and non-statutory; laws require the employer to extend
certain benefits to employees in addition to wages or salaries. In the present
study an attempt has been made to study the employee welfare facilities
and its impact on employee‘s efficiency at Vindha Telelinks Ltd. Rewa
Madhya Pradesh. The study show the Employees welfare facilities and its
impact on employees efficiency at Vindha Telelinks Ltd. Rewa appear good.
The average mean score and percentage score of the overall of 22 items
has been computed at 3.64(66%).It can be conclude that the employee

60
welfare facilities provided by the company to employees are satisfied and it is
commendable, but still of scope is there for further improvement. So that
efficiency, effectiveness and productivity can be enhanced to accomplish the
organizational goals.

62
a. Problem Statement
The research problem of the study is ―to measure the health, safety and
welfare of the employees of Sumul dairy.‖
b. Research objective
 To study on health, safety and welfare of employees of Sumul dairy.
 To understand the practical implication of health & safety legislation.
 To know workers satisfaction level with current health, safety and
welfare system of Sumul dairy.
c. Research Design
―The research design is the method and process for the conducting particular
study, broadly speaking; it can be grouped in the three main categories –
Exploratory, Descriptive and Causal.
 Type of design
―The research design is the method and process for the conducting particular
study, broadly speaking; it can be grouped in the three main categories –
Exploratory, Descriptive and Causal.
Figure No: 5.1: Research Design Types
Reserch
Design
Exlporatory Descriptive Casual

63
Descriptive
 Descriptive study is used when researcher interested in knowing the
features of certain group like age, sex, educational level, operation etc.‖
 This research conducted is a descriptive research. This is descriptive in
nature because the study is focused on fact finding investigation in a well
structured form and is based on primary data. Primary data has been used
in the form of a questionnaire in order to collect data.
2. Sampling:
Sample size of this survey would be 200 respondents.
3. Data collection:
 Sources of Data:
This research study is based on primary data structured questionnaire has
been used.
 Sampling method
The non probabilistic convenience sampling method was used to collect the
responses.
 Survey Tools
A Structured questionnaire was used as tool of data collection.
4. Tools of analysis:
SPSS
5. Limitation of Study
i The Study was limited to Surat area only and survey was done in 6
week of limited time period.
ii Sample selected may not represent the whole population, as
sample size selected was very small in population due to time and
cost constrains.

65
 To study the demographic information of respondent.
Gender:
To study demographic details of respondent they were asked to answer their
gender.
Table 6.1 gender shows the same frequency.
Gender Frequency Percent
Male 172 86.0
Female 28 14.0
Total 200 100.0
Figure -6.1 gender
INTERPRETATION:
From the table 6.1 it can be interpret that 86% employees are male and 14%
employees are female. In Sumul male employees are more than female.
172
28
male female
gender
Frequency

66
Age:
Below 20 Years between 30 to 40 Years
Between 20 to 30 Years above 40 Years
age.
Table 6.2 age shows the same frequency.
Age Frequency Percent
below 20 18 9.0
20 to 30 37 18.5
31 to 40 53 26.5
above 40 92 46.0
Total 200 100.0
Figure -6.2 age
INTERPRETATION:
From the above figure-6.2 it can be conclude that 9% employees are below
20 age group.18.5% are between 20 to 30 age ,26.5% are between 31 to 40
age group and 46% employees are above 40 age.
18
37
53
92
below 20 20 to 30 31 to 40 above 40
age
Frequency

67
Qualification:
Under Graduate Graduate Post Graduate Other
qualification.
Table 6.3 qualification shows the same frequency.
Qualification Frequency Percent
under graduate 19 9.5
Graduate 79 39.5
post graduate 101 50.5
Other 1 5
Total 200 100.0
Figure -6.3 qualification
INTERPRETATION:
The above figure-6.3 shows that there are 9.5% employees are under
graduate, 39.5% employees are graduate and 50.5% are post graduate
employees. The majority of employees are post graduate in Sumul.
19
79
101
1
under graduate graduate post graduate other
qualification
Frequency

68
Annual income:
Below Rs.2, 00,000s Rs. 2, 00,000 – Rs.4, 00,000
Rs.4, 00,000 – Rs.6, 00,000 above Rs. 6, 00,000
annual income.
Table 6.4 annual incomes shows the same frequency.
Annual income Frequency Percent
below 200000 31 15.5
200001 to 400000 78 39.0
400001 to 600000 77 38.5
above 600000 14 7.0
Total 200 100.0
Figure-6.4 annual income
INTERPRETATION:
From the above figure-6.4 it can be analyze that 15.5% employees annual
income is below 200000.38.5% are earn between 200001 to 400000.38.5 %
are earn between 400001 to 600000. And 0.5% employees annual income
above 600000.
18
37
53
92
below 20 20 to 30 31 to 40 above 40
annual income
Frequency

69
Department:
HR Department Marketing Finance Production
Assembling IT department Quality department
department.
Table 6.5 department shows the frequency
Department Frequency Percent
hr department 26 13.0
Marketing 44 22.0
Finance 37 18.5
Production 47 23.5
Dispatch 13 6.5
IT 21 10.5
Quality 12 6.0
Total 200 100.0

70
Figure-6.5 department
INTERPRETATION:
In the above figure-6.5 it can be concluded that 13% employees are from hr
department , 22% employees are from marketing , 18.5% are from finance
23.5% employees are from production department 6.5% employees are from
dispatch department 10.5% and 6% are from the it department and quality
department respectively. The highest ratio from the production department
employees.
26
44
37
47
13
21
12
hr
department
marketing finance production dispatch IT quality
department
Frequency

71
Experience:
Below 3 yr 3-5 yr 5-10 yr above10 yr
experience.
Table 6.6 annual incomes shows the same frequency.
Experience Frequency Percent
below 3 year 30 15.0
3 to 5years 48 24.0
5 to 10 85 42.5
10 above 37 18.5
Total 200 100.0
Figure-6.6 experience
INTERPRETATION:
The above figure-6.6 shows that 15% employees have experience of work in
Sumul below 3 years, 24% have between 3 to 5 years, 42.5 % employees
have between 5 to 10 years of experience and 18.5%employees have above
10 years of experience.
30
48
85
37
below 3 year 3 to 5years 5 to 10 10 above
experience
Frequency

72
 To study following factors provided or not by organization.
 Details about Sumul is providing or not safety and welfare policy.
Yes no
To study some factors that provided or not to respondent, they were asked to
answer that Sumul have safety and welfare policy.
Table 6.7 shows the same frequency and percentage.
Safety and welfare policy Frequency Percent
Yes 200 100.0
Figure- 6.7 safety and welfare policy
INTERPRETATION:
From the above safety and welfare policy figure 6.7 it can be concluded that
there are 100% employees says that Sumul is providing safety and welfare
policy.
200
Frequency
safety and welfare policy
yes

73
 Details about Sumul is providing or not training for handling any
kind of emergency situation at work-place.
Yes No
answer that Sumul gives training for handling any kind of emergency situation
at work place.
Training for handling
emergency situation Frequency Percent
yes 200 100.0
Figure- 6.8 training for handling emergency situation
NTERPRETATION;
Figure-6.7 shows that 100% employees say yes that Sumul is providing
training for handling emergency situation at workplace.
200
Frequency
training for handling emergency
situation
yes

74
 Details about Sumul are providing or not first-aid treatment for
various elements.
Yes No
answer that Sumul gives first-aid treatments to the injured.
First aid treatment Frequency Percent
Yes
200 100.0
Figure-6.9 first-aid treatment
INTERPRETATION:
From the figure-6.9 it can be concluded that the Sumul is providing first aid
treatment for injured workers or employees.
200
Frequency
first-aid teatment
yes

75
 Details about Sumul are providing or not health insurance and
accident benefits.
Yes No
answer that Sumul provides health insurance and accident benefits.
Health insurance and accident
benefits Frequency Percent
No 200 100.0
Figure-6.10 hralth insurance and medical benefits
INTERPRETATION:
We can see that from the above figure-6.10 company is not providing health
insurance and accident benefit to the employees and workers.
200
Frequency
health insurance and medical benifits
yes no

76
 Measures some factors of welfare, health and safety
mentioned below.
To study some factors that is satisfied to the employees of the Sumul.
Table 6.11 factors to be measured
Features Highly
satisfied
satisfied Neutral dissatisfied
Highly
dissatisfied
Total
Present
leave policy
0 83 105 12 0 200
Cleaning
facility
0 98 102 0 0 200
Ventilation
and
temperature
control
0 73 119 8 0 200
Drinking
water facility
0 106 94 0 0 200
Toilet
facilities
0 82 118 0 0 200
Safety
provided on
machinery
0 22 63 115 0 200
Training
provided
before
handling
difficult
machine
0 111 82 7 0 190
Usage of
safety
equipment
0 85 110 5 0 200
Facility
provided for
protection of
body
0 99 72 29 0 200
Canteen
facility
0 42 158 0 0 200
Hospital
facilities
8 41 82 21 48 200
Washing
facility
0 4 8 92 96 200
Sitting
arrangement
facilities
0 4 95 64 37 200
Noise control
& Lighting
facilities
0 0 30 100 70
200

77
Det
 Detail about leave policy whether the employees are satisfied or
not
To study some factors for which respondents are satisfied or not, they were
asked to answer about leave policy of the Sumul.
figure -6.11 leave policy
INTERPRETATION:
From the above figure-6.11 it can be interpreted that 83 employees out of 200
are satisfied with the leave policy of the Sumul dairy.
83
105
12
satisfied neutral dissatisfied
Leave policy
Frequency
Transport
facilities
0 4 26 63 107 200
Shelters,
Rest rooms
facility
0 69 128 3 0 200

78
 Details about cleaning facility whether the employees are satisfied
or not.
To study some factors for which respondents are satisfied or not, they
were asked to answer about cleaning facility of the Sumul.
Figure-6.12 cleaning facility
INTERPRETATION:
From the figure-6.12 it can be found that 98 employees are satisfied with the
cleaning facility and 102 employees out of 200 are neither satisfied nor
dissatisfied.
98
102
satisfied neutral
Cleaning facility
Frequency

79
 Details about Ventilation and temperature control whether
employees satisfied or not.
Study some factors for which respondents are satisfied or not , they
were asked to answer about ventilation and temperature control of the
Sumul.
Figure-6.13 ventilation and temperature control
INTERPRETATION:
From the above figure-6.13 it can be interpreted that 73 employees are
satisfied with the ventilation and temperature control and 8 employees are
dissatisfied with the ventilation and temperature control facility.
73
119
8
Ventilation and Temprature control
Frequency

80
 Details about drinking water facility whether employees are
satisfied or not.
To study some factors for which respondents are satisfied or not , they
were asked to answer about drinking water facility of the Sumul.
Figure -6.14 drinking water facilities
INTERPRETATION:
From the above figure-6.14 it can be found that out of 200 employees 106
employees are satisfied with the drinking water facility that provided by sumul.
106
94
satisfied neutral
Drinking water facility
Frequency

81
 Details about toilet facility whether employees satisfied or not.
were asked to answer about toilet facility of the Sumul.
Figure-6.15 toilet facility
INTERPRETATION:
From the above figure-6.15 it can be concluded that 82 employees are
satisfied with the toilet facility and 118 are neutral .
82
118
satisfied neutral
Toilet facility
Frequency

82
 Details about safety provided on machinery whether employees
satisfied or not.
were asked to answer about safety provide on machinery of the Sumul.
Figure-6.16 safety provided on machinery
INTERPRETATION:
From the above figure-6.16 it can be concluded that 22 employees out of 200
employees are satisfied with the safety provided on machinery and 115
employees are dissatisfied with the safety provided on machinery
22
63
115
Safety provided on machinery
Frequency

83
 Details about training provided before handling difficult machine
whether employees are satisfied or not.
were asked to answer about training provided before handling difficult
machine of the Sumul.
figure-6.17 training provided before handling difficult machine
INTERPRETATION:
Above figure-6.17 concluded that 111 employees are satisfied with the
training provide before handling difficult machine. 7 employees are not
satisfied with training provide before handling difficult machine.
111
82
7
training provided before handling
difficult machine
Frequency

84
 Details about usage of safety equipment whether employees are
satisfied or not.
were asked to answer about safety equipment of the Sumul.
Figure-6.18 usage of safety equipment
INTERPRETATION:
From the above figure-6.18 it can be interpreted that 85 employees of sumul
are satisfied with the usage of safety equipment and 5 employees are
dissatisfied.
85
110
5
Safety equipment
Frequency

85
 Details about facility provided for protection of body whether
employees are satisfied or not.
were asked to answer about facility provided for protection of body of
the Sumul.
Figure-6.19protection of body
INTERPRETATION:
from the above figure-6.19 it can be concluded that 99 employees out of 200
are satisfied with the protection of body facility and 29 employees are
dissatisfied.
99
72
29
facility provided for protection of
body
Frequency

86
 Details about canteen facility whether employees are satisfied or
not.
were asked to answer about canteen facility of the Sumul.
Figure-6.20 canteen facility
INTERPRETATION:
satisfied with the canteen facility and 158 are neither satisfied nor dissatisfied
with the canteen facility.
42
158
satisfied neutral
canteen facility
Frequency

87
 Details about hospital facility whether employees are satisfied or
not.
were asked to answer about hospital facility of the Sumul.
Figure-6.21 hospital facility
INTERPRETATION:
satisfied with the hospital facility and 21 employees are dissatisfied with the
hospital facility.
8
41
82
21
48
highly satisfied satisfied neutral dissatisfied highly
dissatisfied
hospital facility
Frequency

88
 Details about washing facility whether employees are satisfied or
not.
were asked to answer about washing facility of the Sumul.
Figure-6.22 washing facility
INTERPRETATION:
From the above figure-6.22 it can be concluded that 4 employees are satisfied
with the washing facility and 92 employees are dissatisfied with washing
facility. In this factor dissatisfaction level is high.
4 8
92 96
satisfied neutral dissatisfied highly dissatisfied
Washing facility
Frequency

89
 Details about sitting arrangement facility whether employees are
satisfied or not.
were asked to answer about sitting arrangement of the Sumul.
Figure-6.23 sitting arrangement
INTERPRETATION:
satisfied with the sitting arrangement that is provided by sumul and 64
employees are dissatisfied with the sitting arrangement.
4
95
64
37
sitting arrangement
Frequency

90
 Details about noise control and lighting facility whether
employees are satisfied or not.
were asked to answer about noise control and lighting facility of the
Sumul.
Figure -6.23 noise control and lighting facility
INTERPRETATION:
From the above figure-6.23 it can be concluded that there is no employees
that are satisfied with the noise control and lighting facility .70 employees are
highly dissatisfied with the noise control and lighting facility.
30
100
70
neutral dissatisfied highly dissatisfied
noise control and lighting facility
Frequency

91
 Details about transport facility whether employees are satisfied or
not.
were asked to answer about transport facility of the Sumul.
Figure-6.24 transport facility
INTERPRETATION:
From the above figure-6.24 it can be concluded that 4 employyes are satisfied
with the transport facility. 107 employees are highly dissatisfied with the
transport facility.
4
26
63
107
Transport facility
Frequency

92
 Details about shelter and rest room facility whether employees are
satisfied or not.
were asked to answer about shelter and rest room of the Sumul.
Figure-6.25 shelter and rest room facility
INTERPRETATION:
From the above figure-6.25 it can be interpreted that 69 employees are
satisfied with the shelter and rest room facility and 3 employees are highly
dissatisfied with shelter and rest room facility.
69
128
3
satisfied neutral highly dissatisfied
shelter and rest room
Frequency

93
FACTOR ANALYSIS:
Table-6.12 KMO and Bartlett's Test
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling
Adequacy.
.508
Bartlett's Test of
Sphericity
Approx. Chi-Square
1005.68
4
Df 120
Sig. .000
Figure-6.12

94
Table-6.13 Component Matrix
Component
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Usage of safety equipment .688
Transport facilities .629
Facility provided for
protection of body
.627 .558
Hospital facilities .623
Toilet facilities .603
Drinking water facility
Training provided before
handling difficult machine
.750
Cleaning facility .591
Sitting arrangement facilities -.518
Ventilation and temperature
control
Washing facility .584
Shelters, Rest rooms facility .582
Canteen facility .514
Noise control & Lighting
facilities
Present leave policy .539
Safety provided on
machinery
-.595

95
Table-6.14 Communalities
Initial Extraction
Present leave policy 1.000 .714
Cleaning facility 1.000 .809
Ventilation and temperature control 1.000 .812
Drinking water facility 1.000 .648
Toilet facilities 1.000 .763
Safety provided on machinery 1.000 .765
Training provided before handling difficult machine
1.000 .855
Usage of safety equipment 1.000 .713
Facility provided for protection of body 1.000 .868
Canteen facility 1.000 .569
Hospital facilities 1.000 .886
Washing facility 1.000 .779
Sitting arrangement facilities 1.000 .733
Noise control & Lighting facilities 1.000 .717
Transport facilities 1.000 .660
Shelters, Rest rooms facility 1.000 .801

96
Table-6.15 Total Variance Explained
Compone
nt
Initial Eigenvalues Extraction Sums of
Squared Loadings
Rotation Sums of
Squared Loadings
Total % of
Varianc
e
Cumula
tive %
Total % of
Varianc
e
Cumula
tive %
Total % of
Varianc
e
Cumula
tive %
1 2.954 18.463 18.463 2.954 18.463 18.463 2.407 15.045 15.045
2 2.025 12.656 31.118 2.025 12.656 31.118 1.978 12.363 27.408
3 1.799 11.241 42.359 1.799 11.241 42.359 1.687 10.542 37.950
4 1.618 10.115 52.474 1.618 10.115 52.474 1.665 10.404 48.353
5 1.484 9.276 61.750 1.484 9.276 61.750 1.635 10.216 58.569
6 1.208 7.552 69.302 1.208 7.552 69.302 1.417 8.856 67.425
7 1.001 6.255 75.557 1.001 6.255 75.557 1.301 8.131 75.557
8 .823 5.143 80.699
9 .668 4.176 84.875
10 .570 3.565 88.440
11 .508 3.175 91.615
12 .392 2.447 94.063
13 .329 2.059 96.121
14 .255 1.596 97.718
15 .197 1.232 98.949
16
.168 1.051 100.00
0

97
Table-6.16 Rotated Component Matrix
Component
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Toilet facilities .869
Usage of safety equipment .788
Hospital facilities .636
Sitting arrangement facilities .850
Transport facilities -.683
Training provided before handling
difficult machine
.582
Noise control & Lighting facilities .774
Cleaning facility -.638 .580
Facility provided for protection of
body
.525 .565
Shelters, Rest rooms facility .879
Canteen facility .588
Ventilation and temperature
control
.864
Drinking water facility .521
Present leave policy .704
Washing facility .692
Safety provided on machinery .856
Table-6.17 Component Transformation Matrix
Compon
ent
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 .751 -.402 .331 .249 .051 -.273 -.163
2 .332 .475 -.417 .436 .437 -.011 .331
3 -.394 -.656 -.122 .181 .551 -.128 .215
4 -.127 -.108 .289 .643 -.371 .494 .305
5 -.313 .407 .653 .230 .372 -.239 -.250
6 .239 -.007 .345 -.445 .435 .617 .238
7 -.002 -.070 -.271 .225 .195 .477 -.778

98
INTERPRETATION:
The KMO and Bartlett’s test table displays the results for interpreting the
adequacy of data for factor analysis. (KMO) is a measure of sampling
adequacy for our sample to be adequate for understanding factor analysis. In
this test the value of KMO test is 0.508 and the p-value of Bartlett‘s test is
.000, factor analysis can be undertaking with this data.
The screen plot determines the optimal number of components. It plots the
eigenvalues of each component. The numbers of components which fall on
the slope are extract. At that time, it is this Kaiser criterion of extracting all
components with eigenvalues greater than 1 can be resorted to. The
component beyond the point where the curve changes its direction and
becomes horizontal.
The component matrix table shows the seven components that are
extracted. This is unrotated component matrix. The unrotated component
matrix displays the correlation between variables and the extracted
components. These correlations are known as factor loadings. The first factor
is more highly correlated with the variables than the second factor.
The next table displays communities community means the proportion of
variance due to common factors and shared by several items. Communities
help estimate the variance that is unique to each variable.
The total variance explained table displays the total variance, percentage
variance and cumulative percentage variance for both –unrotated and rotated
components. The first half of the table shows details of unrotated components
and the second half shows the details of rotated components. The cumulative
variance for both the unroatated and rotated components is 75.557 %.for
unroatated component the first component explain the maximum variance,
followed by declining variance of the second and third component ,where as
in rotated components, the variance is uniformly distributed.

99
Component 1 accounts for 18.463% of total variance component 2 accounts
for. And component 3 accounts for 37.95% .of the total variance in this model.
The cumulative percentage of variance of unrotated as well as rotated
components is always same.
In the rotated component matrix, each represents the partial correlation
coefficients between variable and the rotated component. These coefficients
help in identifying the component.
In this study the variable constituting components 1 are :
 toilet facility
 usage of safety equipment
 hospital facility
The variables constituting component 2 are
 sitting arrangement
 transport facilities
 training provided before handling difficult machine
 noise control & lighting facility
 cleaning facility
 facility provided for protection of body
 shelters and rest room
 canteen facility
 ventilation & temperature control
 drinking water facility
 present leave policy
 washing facility
Component 7 comprise only one variable and that is
 safety provided on machinery

100
FINDINGS:
From the data analysis it can be interpreted that 86% employees are male
and 14% employees are female.
It can be conclude that 9% employees are below 20 age group.18.5% are
between 20 to 30 age, 26.5% are between 31 to 40 age group and 46%
employees are above 40 age.
Data analysis shows that there are 9.5% employees are under graduate,
39.5% employees are graduate and 50.5% are post graduate employees. The
majority of employees are post graduate in Sumul.
It is found that 15.5% employee‘s annual income is below INR 200000.
38.5% earns between INR 200001 to 400000. 38.5 % employees‘ earn
between INR 400001 to 600000. And 0.5% employees‘ annual income is
above 600000.
It is found that 13% employees are from hr department , 22% employees are
from marketing , 18.5% are from finance 23.5% employees are from
production department 6.5% employees are from dispatch department 10.5%
and 6% are from the it department and quality department respectively. The
highest ratio from the production department employees.
It is found that 15% employees have experience of work in Sumul below 3
years, 24% have between 3 to 5 years, 42.5 % employees have between 5 to
10 years of experience and 18.5% employees have above 10 years of
experience.
In Sumul 100% employees says that Sumul is providing safety and welfare
policy, training for handling emergency situation, first-aid treatment for injured
workers and Sumul is not providing health insurance and medical benefit to
the employees.
From data interpretation it can be found that 98 employees are satisfied with
the cleaning facility and 102 employees out of 200 are neither satisfied nor
dissatisfied.

“TO STUDY EMPLOYEE HEALTH, SAFETY AND WELFARE AT SUMUL DAIRY”

“TO STUDY EMPLOYEE HEALTH, SAFETY AND WELFARE AT SUMUL DAIRY”

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“TO STUDY EMPLOYEE HEALTH, SAFETY AND WELFARE AT SUMUL DAIRY”