Quality. Models & Meta-Models. The 7Loci as one of my 2018-2019 lectures at the University of Bergamo. It's stimulus material, posted to improve communication with current students. It's not interesting for the academia.

1. ITforTourismServices,UniBg2018-2019
Quality.
Models & Meta-Models. The 7Loci
Quality,7Loci.Lecture09,November13,2018

2. ITforTourismServices,UniBg2018-2019ITforTourismServices,UniBg2018-2019
Today
08.Tuesday,Oct30
Design:Usability,
Gamification,
Augmented&Virtual
Reality
page2
09.Tuesday,Nov13
Quality,Standards,
Models&Meta-Models.
The7Loci
11.Thursday,Nov22
WebPresence
QualityReporting
12.Tuesday,Nov27
Big-Bang
Disruptions
andTourism
13.Tuesday,Dec 4
Yourreports’
presentation:
1stgroup
14. Thursday,Dec6
Yourreports’
presentation:
2ndgroup
15.Tuesday,Dec11
Yourreports’
presentation:
3rdgroup
10.Tuesday,Nov20
WebPresence.
A7Loci
Evaluation
Model
Quality,7Loci.Lecture09,November13,2018

3. ITforTourismServices,UniBg2018-2019ITforTourismServices,UniBg2018-2019
What Are We Talking About Today?
Quality,7Loci.Lecture09,November13,2018
1. Measuring Quality?
2. Standards
3. Models
4. Rhetoric, Journals & Loci
5. The 7Loci Meta-Model
6. A Meta-Model For Websites
7. And For DMO Websites…?
page3
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4. ITforTourismServices,UniBg2018-2019ITforTourismServices,UniBg2018-2019
“Measuring Quality? Are You Joking?”
Quality,7Loci.Lecture09,November13,2018
Qualityhasnothing todowithmeasure...
Areyousure?
Thinkofdifferent electricplugsindifferentcountries,ofelectrictension
(voltage),oroctanesingasoline,or...ofthehttp,thehtml.
International standardsarestandards developed byinternational standards
organizations. International standardsareavailableforconsiderationanduse,
worldwide.
Themostprominentorganisationisthe InternationalOrganizationfor
Standardization,orISO.
page4

5. ITforTourismServices,UniBg2018-2019ITforTourismServices,UniBg2018-2019
Standards
Quality,7Loci.Lecture09,November13,2018 page5

6. ITforTourismServices,UniBg2018-2019ITforTourismServices,UniBg2018-2019
De Iure vs. De Facto Standards
Quality,7Loci.Lecture09,November13,2018
Sometechnology standardsthatareparticularlyrelevant forourlectures –like
thehtml,WAP,orBluetooth–areofficialstandards, internationally recognized.
(WAPwaseventheresultofajoint,previouslyplannedeffortamong several
companies,likeEricsson,Nokia,Microsoft,Oracle,Vodafone, andTelefónica).
Wecanconsiderthosestandardsas deiurestandards.
Sometimes,however,standardsexistdefacto,althoughnoofficialagreement
hasbeenreachedaboutthem.Thisis,forinstance,thecaseoftheportable
documentformat, orpdf,developedbyAdobeSystemsInc.
Another defactostandard, formultimediadistributionontheWeb,isthe Flash
platform,nowownedbyAdobe,butoriginallydevelopedbyMacromedia.
page6

7. ITforTourismServices,UniBg2018-2019ITforTourismServices,UniBg2018-2019
Quality according to the ISO
Quality,7Loci.Lecture09,November13,2018
Here’stheISOdefinitionofquality.
“Qualityis
thetotality
ofanentity
thatbearon itsability
statedandimpliedneeds”.
(ISO8402)
page7
ofcharacteristics
tosatisfy

8. ITforTourismServices,UniBg2018-2019ITforTourismServices,UniBg2018-2019
The Model We’re Adopting
Quality,7Loci.Lecture09,November13,2018
TheISOdefinitionofqualityisa
cornerstoneofthequality
evaluationmodelwe’readopting.
Ourmodelwasproposed,andhas
beendeveloped,attheUniversity
ofTrento.
Itiscurrentlycalled7Loci.
Itwasinitiallycalled2QCV3Q.
page8

9. ITforTourismServices,UniBg2018-2019ITforTourismServices,UniBg2018-2019
Models
Quality,7Loci.Lecture09,November13,2018
Bytheway,whatis“amodel”?
“Inthemostgeneral sense,a modelisanythingusedinanywaytorepresent
anythingelse.”–Wikipedia,“Conceptualmodel”
page9
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10. ITforTourismServices,UniBg2018-2019ITforTourismServices,UniBg2018-2019
Don Norman
Quality,7Loci.Lecture09,November13,2018
Let’sstick,however,to amorefittingdefinition.
“Aconceptualmodelistheunderlyingbeliefstructureheld byapersonabout
howsomethingworks.”–DonaldA.Norman,“LivingwithComplexity”,2011
page10
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11. ITforTourismServices,UniBg2018-2019ITforTourismServices,UniBg2018-2019
Ancient Roman Rhetoric
Quality,7Loci.Lecture09,November13,2018
Our7LocimodelcombinestheISOdefinitionofqualitywiththelocifromthe
classicalrhetoric.
 QVIS?
 QVID?
 CVR?
 VBI?
 QVANDO?
 QVOMODO?
 QVIBUSAVXILIIS?
page11
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12. ITforTourismServices,UniBg2018-2019ITforTourismServices,UniBg2018-2019
British Journalism
Quality,7Loci.Lecture09,November13,2018
Theloci,fromtheclassicalrhetoric,vs. theFiveWs,orthebasicquestionsof
Englishjournalism.
 QVIS?(Who?)
 QVID?(What?)
 CVR?(Why?)
 VBI?(Where?)
 QVANDO?(When?)
 QVOMODO?(How?)
 QVIBUSAVXILIIS?(ByWhatMeans?)
page12
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13. ITforTourismServices,UniBg2018-2019ITforTourismServices,UniBg2018-2019
The 7Loci Meta-Model
Quality,7Loci.Lecture09,November13,2018
Strictlyspeaking,7LociisaMeta-Model:amodelthatallowsgenerating models.
page13
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14. ITforTourismServices,UniBg2018-2019ITforTourismServices,UniBg2018-2019
A Meta-Model For Websites
Quality,7Loci.Lecture09,November13,2018
The7locimeta-model,basedontheclassicalrhetoriclociandtheFiveWsof
Englishjournalism, herewithanaming thatmaybeusedforwebsites.
 QVIS?(Who?)Identity
 QVID?(What?)Content
 CVR?(Why?)Services
 VBI?(Where?)Individuation
 QVANDO?(When?)Maintenance
 QVOMODO?(How?)Usability
 QVIBUSAVXILIIS?(Bywhatmeans?)Feasibility
page14

15. ITforTourismServices,UniBg2018-2019ITforTourismServices,UniBg2018-2019
A 7Loci Model For DMO Websites?
Canwetakethe7Locimeta-model
andgenerate aspecificmodel tobe
usedwithDMOwebsites?
Whynot?
Quality,7Loci.Lecture09,November13,2018 page15
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16. ITforTourismServices,UniBg2018-2019ITforTourismServices,UniBg2018-2019
Who?
The7locimeta-modeltobuildanevaluationmodel
forDMOwebsites
1. QVIS?(Who?)Identity
Websiteidentity:logo,brand,environment
Brand,logo,layout,image
Differenttargets?
Destinationidentity?
Destinationstorytelling?
Quality,7Loci.Lecture09,November13,2018 page16

17. ITforTourismServices,UniBg2018-2019ITforTourismServices,UniBg2018-2019
What?
The7locimeta-modeltobuildanevaluationmodel
forDMOwebsites
2.QVID?(What?)Content
Descriptions?
Pictures &Multimedia?
Downloads?
Doesthecontentmeetthemanagers’needs?
Doesthecontent meettheusers’needs?
Guides?Audioguides?Apps?
Localtouristservices?
Quality,7Loci.Lecture09,November13,2018 page17

18. ITforTourismServices,UniBg2018-2019ITforTourismServices,UniBg2018-2019
Why?
The7locimeta-modeltobuildanevaluationmodel
forDMOwebsites
3.CVR?(Why?)Services
E-commerce
Proprietaryvs.linkedcontent
Dotheprovidedservicesmeetthemanagers’ needs?
Dotheprovidedservicesmeettheusers’needs?
Cartography
Tourismproductstopurchase:accommodation, tickets,citycards?
Meteo?
Quality,7Loci.Lecture09,November13,2018 page18

19. ITforTourismServices,UniBg2018-2019ITforTourismServices,UniBg2018-2019
Where?
The7locimeta-modeltobuildanevaluationmodel
forDMOwebsites
4.VBI?(Where?)Individuation
Searchengines?(positioning:networksamongwebsites)
Communicationwithusers?(e-mail,orpersonalnetworks)
Communicationamongusers?(forums,“Web2.0”–socialnetworks)
Socialnetworks,webreputation
Communicationamongtourismoperators?(dynamicbusinessnetworks,
perhapsIntranets, i.e.aDestinationManagement System)
Quality,7Loci.Lecture09,November13,2018 page19

20. ITforTourismServices,UniBg2018-2019ITforTourismServices,UniBg2018-2019
When?
The7locimeta-modeltobuildanevaluationmodel
forDMOwebsites
5.QVANDO?(When?)Management
Isthewebsiteregularlyupdated?
Noneedtogodeeperaboutthispoint...
Events?Fairs?Exhibitions?Concerts? Theater?
Quality,7Loci.Lecture09,November13,2018 page20

21. ITforTourismServices,UniBg2018-2019ITforTourismServices,UniBg2018-2019
How?
The7locimeta-modeltobuildanevaluationmodel
forDMOwebsites
6.QVOMODO?(How?)Usability
Anavigationmenu?Breadcrumbs?
Aninternal searchengine?Asitemap?
Languages?
404–Filenotfound?
downloadtime,hardware &softwarecompliance
Mobile-friendliness?LocalWi-Ficoverage?Localapps?
Quality,7Loci.Lecture09,November13,2018 page21

22. ITforTourismServices,UniBg2018-2019ITforTourismServices,UniBg2018-2019
By What Means?
The7locimeta-modeltobuildanevaluationmodel
forDMOwebsites
7.QVIBUSAVXILIIS?(Bywhatmeans?)Feasibility
Resources?
Managers?Responsibilities?
Futuredevelopments?
Businessmodels?
Localauthoritiesvs.localoperators vs.availableresources
Butwewon’tbereallyabletoevaluateourchosenwebsitesfeasibility…
Quality,7Loci.Lecture09,November13,2018 page22

23. ITforTourismServices,UniBg2018-2019ITforTourismServices,UniBg2018-2019
And What About Measuring?
Quality,7Loci.Lecture09,November13,2018 page23
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Justananticipationforthenextlecture.

24. ITforTourismServices,UniBg2018-2019ITforTourismServices,UniBg2018-2019
Today’s Key Points
page24Quality,7Loci.Lecture09,November13,2018
1. Measuring Quality?
2. Standards
3. Models
4. Rhetoric, Journals & Loci
5. The 7Loci Meta-Model
6. A Meta-Model For Websites
7. And For DMO Websites…?

25. ITforTourismServices,UniBg2018-2019ITforTourismServices,UniBg2018-2019
Thanks For Your Attention
page25Quality,7Loci.Lecture09,November13,2018
Picturefrom the2013Workshop