Deccan architecture is derived from sultans of Delhi and Persian architecture. Delhi influence was brought by Sultan Muhammad Tughlaq in 1340 when he shifted his capital to Daulatabad. Artisans were brought from Delhi. Rulers arrived from Persian gulf to west of India giving ready access to Bahamani kingdom. First independent ruler Ala-Ud-Din Hassan Bahaman Shah was an Persian adventurer from court of Tuglaq

1. 1
PRESENTED TO:
AR. MAVISH ANJUM
PROVINCIAL ARCHITECTURE
OF
DECCAN
PRESENTED BY:
ROHIT BHATT
B.ARCH IV SEM
K.C.A.D. BAREILLY

2. Introduction to Deccan
•Deccan architecture is derived from sultans of Delhi
and Persian architecture.
•Delhi influence was brought by Sultan Muhammad
Tughlaq in 1340 when he shifted his capital to
Daulatabad.
•Artisans were brought from Delhi.
•Rulers arrived from Persian gulf to west of India
giving ready access to Bahamani kingdom.
•First independent ruler Ala-Ud-Din Hassan Bahaman
Shah was an Persian adventurer from court of
Tuglaq.
•He established Bahamani dynasty at Gulbarga in
1347.
•Final form of Deccan architecture was attained in
form of royal tombs approximately 30 in number.
2

3. Introduction to Deccan
•Earliest example is Tomb of Ala-Ud-Din Bahaman
which is an imitation of Tuglaqs at Delhi.
•Bidar was made capital when Ahmad Shah
shifted from Gulbarga to Bidar in 1425.
•Bidar monuments show combination of Persian
and Delhi elements.
•Octagonal drum first appeared in Bidar.
•Gulbarga was a fortified city but Bidar also
contains palaces.
•Third and final phase was Golconda which
flourished under Qutub Shahi Dynasty.
•Examples from Golconda show the fully
developed bulbous dome.
3

4. Deccan Provincial
Style(1344-1672)
Gulbarga(1347-
1425)
Fortress of
Gulbarga
Jami masjid
Haft Gumbaz
Bidar(1425-1512)
Takht palace
Diwan-e-aam
Turkash Mahal
Rangin Mahal
Bahamani tombs
Madarassa of
Gawan
Jami Masjid
Golconda(1512-
1672)
Qutub shahi
tombs
Char Minar
4

6. Gulbarga Fort
• It was built by sultan Ala-ud-din-bahamani in 1327.
• Materials used are granite and lime mortar.
• The fort was originally built by Raja gulchand and fortified by
Alauddin Hassan Bahaman Shah
• Area- 0.5acres(0.2ha) and periphery length-3km(1.9mi.)
• It is well fortifies with double fortification.
• A 90ft(27.4m) wide double moat surrounds the fort.
• The fort is a monumental structure highly fortified with 16
towers mounted with 26 guns each 8m(26ft) high.
• Wall is 50ft(15.2m) thick.
6

7. Gulbarga Fort
7
A. main gateway to the east
B. central bastion, the command
center
C. 29 feet cannon on a bastion in the
western wall
D. Jumma Masjid
N

8. Gulbarga Fort
8
Main Entrance Gateway

9. Gulbarga Fort
9
Boundary wall surrounded by Double Moat

10. Gulbarga Fort
10
Jami Masjid of Gulbarga

11. Gulbarga Fort
11
Central Bastion for carrying canons

12. Moorish honeycomb work
1 large dome (80ft
dia)
2 medium corner
dome
75 small domes
10 bays on
each side
7 bays on
east end
54m(177ft)
66m(216ft)
12
Jami/ Jummah Maszid
N

13. • Commissioned by Mohammad Shah I of Bahamani dynasty with
rectangular shape with Mihrab on west end with trefoil arch
• No courtyards and minarets but courtyard arcade of pointed arches on
three elevations.
• 27 Vaulted barrel roof above bays
• Trefoil arch is on Mihrab
• Stone masonry with lime mortar
• Huge domes- squinches and small dome- pendentives of archway
• It was designed in 1367 AD, by a Spanish (Moorish) architect
• Can accommodate around 5000 worshippers at once.
• It covers an overall area of 38,016 square feet.
• It has 250 arches, 140 square pillars.
13
Jami/ Jummah Maszid

14. • Pointed arches with trefoil arch on Mihrab circling the huge dome.
• Interior archways have Moorish stalacite and pendentive bracketing.
• Petal detailing on turrets and small niches with little carving.
• Wide spans of these pillars supporting large arches create a majestic
atmosphere.
• The mosque has neither a courtyard nor a hauz which are found in
traditional mosques.
• The mosque is a mixture of Persian and Indo-Islamic architecture.
Resembling mosque in Cordova, Spain and Turkish mosques
contemporary to Byzantine.
14
Jami/ Jummah Maszid

17. Haft Gumbaz
17

18. Haft Gumbaz
18
• The complex extends from east to west. From the west,
Mujahid Shah (third Sultan, 1375-78), and Daud Shah
(fourth Sultan, 1378). To the northeast of these are the
tombs of Ghiyath al Din Shah (sixth Sultan, 1397) and
Shams al Din Shah (seventh Sultan, 1397). To the
southeast of these is Firoz Shah (eighth Sultan, 1397-
1422).
• These tombs represent a structural arrangement not
found elsewhere with finest example of Taj-ud-din-firoz,
inspired by Tughlaq tombs of Delhi.
• Dimensions-158ft x 78ft. Wall height with parapet- 42ft.
• Dome height – 30ft. It is encircled with foliations
• Two storey structure with recessed arches, ornamented
and perforated screen.
• Foliated merlins with short fluted finials at each corner.
• Two stories of arcading in the mortuary chamber.
• Tomb is built in double form of two mortuary chambers
one containing cenotaph of king and other of his family.
• This tradition of making double dome was not adopted
by the succeeding line of kings when Ahmed Shah
transferred the capital to Bidar, over 96 km NE of
Gulbarga, in AD 1425.

19. Haft Gumbaz
19
Tomb of Taj-ud-din Firoz

21. BIDAR ARCHITECTURE
21
Name Bidar comes from ‘bidiru’ which means bamboo.
• The area of current Bidar was a bamboo jungle and in the past it called
as
Bedadakota or Bedarkot (kota/kot means fort).
•Bidar is a hill top city in the north-eastern part of Karnataka state in
south India.
• The history of the present fort at Bidar is attributed to the Sultan Ala-ud-
Din Bahman Shah the first sultan of the Bahmani dynasty to 1427 when he
shifted his capital from Gulbarga to Bidar since it had better climatic
conditions and was also a fertile and fruit bearing land.
• Earliest recorded history of its existence as a small and strong fort is also
traced to Prince Ulugh Khan in 1322, whereafter it came under the reign of
the Tughlaq dynasty.[16]

22. 22
SATTELITE VIEW OF BIDAR

23. Bidar Fort
Built : 15TH CENTURY
Style : Indo-Islamic and Persian architecture.
Location: Situated in BIDAR city of the northern plateau of
KARNATAKA, India.
Material : Granites and lime mortar.
Built by : Ala-ud-din Bahman of Bahmani Sultanate in 1424.
Bidar fort has a haphazard rhombus-shaped layout.
• The fort is 2.5 miles (4 km) long, 50 ft (15 m) thick wall of laterite
stone and trap
surrounded by a 30 ft (9 m) deep, 115 ft ( 35 m) wide triple moat
• Include within numerous buildings, arches, pavilions, mosques,
gateways and gardens.
23
Bidar Fort

24. • Two mosques with in the fort a madrassa (college ) or Jami masjid(solah
khamba )
• It has Seven tombs in it.
• The fort has Takht Mahal, Tarkash Mahal, Rangeen Mahal, Gagan Mahal,
Diwan-I-Am ,water palace and the north and east, steep cliffs provide
natural protection to the moat
• Each of the seven gateways in the fort including the mandu gate of the
citadel:-
Gate 1 - The Mandu Darwaza,
Gate 2 - The Kalmadgi Darwaza,
Gate 5 - The Delhi Darwaza,
Gate 6 - The Kalyani Darwaza,
Gate 7 - The Carnatic Darwaza,
Gates 3 and 4 are without a name.
24
Bidar Fort

25. ENTRANCE:-
25
HUGE AND SPLENDID ARCHED DOORWAY WHICH IS VERY
MONUMENTAL IS QUITE PROPORTIONATE
GUMBAD DARWAZA
ARCHED
ENTRANCE
GUMBAD

26. 26
THE THREE MOAT OF BIDAR FORT.

27. 27
INNER VIEW OF BIDARI FORT.

28. • It is a throne palace built in 1432
• It was the royal residence.
• Now only arches of the building remain
• The glory of this mahal was an excellent example of Persian and Islamic structure
• The place was fully decorated with granite, wood and color full work of mosaic.
•It lies in the western side of the bidar fort.
•Notably,
the Mahal has its entrance in the northern side but there are small doorways in
other side of the monument as well.
•The Mahal had a hot water swimming pool which was carved with granite materials
from all sides.
•The figures and potraits in the interior of the mahal was influenced from the islamic
architecture and the calligraphy by hindu architecture.
•In each of the western and eastern facades , the emblem of the lion was there.
•Mahal has a durbar hall, where all the important ceremonies took place.
28
TAKHT MAHAL

29. 29
PRESENT VIEW OF TAKHT MAHAL

30. Takht Mahal
30

31. Takht Mahal
31

32. • It was rebuilt during Barid Shahi period.
• Is unique because of its decoration with coloured tiles and other art work.
• Wood carving done there is not only precious but also unique.
• The walls of Mahal are adorned with mother-of-pearl of the finest quality
in laid in jet-black stone.
• Floral patterns and calligraphic text are also depicted here.
• Stone carving, stucco art are other attractions of this monument.
• It is also known as the title of queen palace as women are the residents of
this mahal.
• The wooden coloumns inside the building were also the magnifiecient
feature.
32
RANGEEN MAHAL
•Located inside the Bidar Fort complex, Rangin Mahal is an architectural wonder
that is one of the best preserved monuments till date.
•A perfect epitome of craftsmanship of mid 16th century, the palace is situated
near Gumbad Gate.

33. 33
WOODEN COLOUMNS AND WOODEN CARVING. DECORATED CEILING.
CALLIGRAPHY DONE ON WALLS
FLORAL PATTERN
ARCHES WERE
USED.
DECORATIIVE ART
WORK

34. Rangeen Mahal
34

35. Rangeen Mahal
35

36. Rangeen Mahal
36

37. Rangeen Mahal
37

38. Rangeen Mahal
38

39. Rangeen Mahal
39

40. TARKASH MAHAL
• It was built in 1432 by Bahmanis Rulers
• Turkash Mahal it is very good example of Indo-Islamic style structure
• is said to have been built for Turkish wife of the sultan
• inside the mahal ,design of floras like mughal style.
• Also there is a good view of fort from the terrace.
• it is witness of many functions and ceremonies of Bahamani and Barid time.
• There is a room inside the mahal with granite carved design
• used for the royal guests and other important members of the sultanate.
• Now this Tarkash Mahal is badly collapsed,
40

41. Turkash Mahal
41

42. Turkash Mahal
42

43. Turkash Mahal
43

44. Turkash Mahal
44

45. DIWAN-I-AAM
• Is the rectangular public audience hall is supported by wooden pillars
• Ornamentation- jali work and mosaic tiles with calligraphy
• Divided in two parts by steps.
• Upper part-king and court members and lower part- public
45
VIEW
PLAN

46. 46VIEWS

47. TURKASH MAHAL
• It was built in 1432 by Bahamani Rulers
• Turkash Mahal it is very good example of Indo-Islamic style structure
• It is said that it have been built for Turkish wife of the sultan
• inside the mahal ,design of floras like mughal style.
• Also there is a good view of fort from the terrace.
• it witnessed many functions and ceremonies of Bahamani and Barid time.
• There is a room inside the mahal with granite carved design used for the royal
guests and other important members of the sultanate.
• Now this Turkash Mahal is badly collapsed,
47

48. Turkash Mahal
48

49. Turkash Mahal
49

50. Turkash Mahal
50

51. Turkash Mahal
51

52. DIWAN I AM
• Is the rectangular public audience hall is supported by wooden pillars
• Ornamentation- jali work and mosaic tiles with calligraphy
• Divided in two parts by steps.
• Upper part-king and court members and lower part- public
52

53. Bahamani Tombs
Ahmed Shah Wali's Tomb
Mahmud's Wife's Tomb Ahemed's Wife's Tomb
Mahmud Shah's TombNizam Shah's Tomb
Barid shahi’s tomb
53

54. Madrasa of Mahmud Gawan(1481)AD
54
N
Exterior from east
Northeast corner
dome,
from southwest
Eastern wing of Madrasa
Inside the Madrasa
55m(180’)
62m(205’)
Semi octagonal shaped
bastions
crowned by a typical
tartar dome
Central courtyard 100sq ft
minarets

55. Madrasa of Mahmud Gawan(1481)AD
• Built some time in 1481 AD.
• Typical Persian university.
• The three tired structure- lecture halls library, mosque.
• Professors and student rooms arranged around an open to
sky
• The east is emphasized by tow 100sq ft high Persian minarets
on either side
• The rest of outer surface of madrassa are three rows of deep
and severely fromed archs , niches devoid any other sclptural
embellishments recesses or projection
55

56. Madrasa of Mahmud Gawan(1481)AD
56
Inside the Madrasa
Exterior from east
Eastern wing of Madrasa

57. Jami masjid(14th c.)
• Build in the 14th century at the time Tughlak
and extended later, at that time this mosque
is known as Zanana Masjid .
• The Solah Khamba mosque as name shows
this mosque is of sixteen pillars
• One of the biggest in India also one of the
oldest mosque
• It is 77ft( 23.46m) wide,295ft( 89.8m)long.
• The mihrab in the middel of the liwan is
enclosed within a sqare conpartment over
which rises a stiled gulbaga type dome
Inside the mosquehypostyle walls in the interior
resembling the jama masjid of
kalburgi whch is again built by
bahamani kingdom
Mihrab
octagonal base
dome 4.25ft (1.3m) dia
Pillar hall
Interior view
57

58. TOMB OF ALI BARID(1579)
• Built for ali barid, the third of the barid shahi dynasty of bidar who died
in 1579.
• Son of amir barid.
• Ruled between 1542-1580.
• Instead of being a closed structure like other tomb buildings, it is an
open structure, with a large archways in each its four sides.
• The cenotaph, carved in black basalt is visible through the archways.
• The architectural composition is simple, except for the elaborate
treatment of the dome, which is beginning to show the bulbous form
which would become common in later year.
• The builders, reverting back to the persian principles, treat the building
as a base for surface treatment like coloured tiling.
• Two storied gateways which leads to the tomb.
• There should be some kind of pathways but non exists today and now we
can see bushes towards it.
• Tomb is built in the middle of 30 acre plot of deccan garden.&70 feet
high.
• Big dome supported by four pillars.
• Grand pavilion made by green granite and laterite rock.
• Shikhara made of an alloy of gold. 58

59. TOMB OF ALI BARID(1579)
bulbous form dome
interior of tomb of ali barid
59

60. TOMB OF ALI BARID(1579)
60
• .The tomb of Ali I (d. 1580/987
AH) is the masterpiece of the
group of Baridi sultan tombs in a
necropolis to the west of Bidar.
The tomb dates to 1577/984 AH,
three years before the sultan's
death. It is situated on a plinth in
the middle of a charbagh garden,
with a small mosque beyond.
The main entrance is through a
gateway from the south, but
remains of doors on the north,
east, and west sides are visible.
The domed tomb is open on all
four sides, a plan which became
popular in Bidar, and is known
for its ornament

62. Golconda Fort
• Golconda Fort is located in the western part of Hyderabad city and is
about 11 km from the Hussain Sagar Lake.
• It was initially called Shepherd’s Hill, meaning Golla Konda in Telugu.
• The outer fort occupies an area of three square kilometers, which is
4.8 kilometers in length.
• It was originally known as Mankal, and built on a hilltop in the year
1143. It was originally a mud fort under the reign of Rajah of
Warangal.
• Later it was fortified between 14th and 17th centuries by the
Bahmani Sultans and then the ruling Qutub Shahi dynasty.
• Golconda was the principal capital of the Qutub Shahi kings.
• The inner fort contains ruins of palaces, mosques and a hill top
pavilion, which rises about 130 meters high and gives a bird’s eye view
of other buildings.
• Later the Qutub Shahi kings converted this into massive granite fort
extending 5km in circumference.
62

63. Golconda Fort
63

64. 64
Qutubshahi Tombs

65. •Ornamentation is done in stucco enfeebling the outlines of the
building and confusing the surfaces.
•Richly moulded fanciful pinnacles and flimsy battlements.
•Full blown bulbous dome
•Double dome practiced leaving a great unused void.
•Hanging balcony, perforated panels, merlons and numerous finials.
•Architecture succeed from bidar tombs.
•Petal motif and maha padma used in tombs
•Short minarets in Guldasta motif.
•Veranda used to give impression of two storied structure.
•They are located about one kilometre north of Golconda's outer
wall.
•These structures are made of beautifully carved stonework, and
surrounded by landscaped gardens
65
Qutubshahi Tombs

66. • The Qutb Shahi Tombs are located in the Ibrahim Bagh
(garden precinct) close to the famous Golconda fort in
Hyderabad.
• They contain the tombs and mosques built by the various kings
of the Qutb Shahi dynasty.
• The galleries of the smaller tombs are of a single storey while
the larger ones are two storied.
• In the centre of each tomb is a cenatoph which overlies the
actual burial vault in a crypt below.
• The domes were originally overlaid with blue and green tiles,
of which only a few pieces now remain.
66
Qutubshahi Tombs

67. Qutubshahi TombsQutub Shahi tombs
67
Square reduced to octagonal
plan
Square shaped plan
Cenotaph
Minrates

68. 2) Tomb of Sultan
Quli Qutb ul Mulk
3) Tomb of Jamsheed
Quli Qutb Shah
4) Tomb of Ibrahim
Quli Qutb Shah
1) Tomb of Subhan
Quli Qutb Shah
5) Tomb of Muhammad
Quli Qutb Shah
6) Tomb of Muhammad
Qutb Shah
68
Qutubshahi Tombs

69. Golconda
Bulbous dome
Guldasta motif
Hanging balcony
Two storey
7) Tomb of Abdullah Qutub Shah is the finest example 69

70. Charminar (1591)AD
• It is a monument and mosque located in Hyderabad
• The beautiful iconic Charminar, a colossus in granite, lime, mortar
and pulverised marble.
• built in 1591 by Sultan Mohammed Quli Qutab Shah of the Qutb
Shahi dynasty.
• Indo-Islamic architecture style, incorporating Persian architectural
elements.
• A mosque is located at the western end of the open roof;
remaining part of the roof served as a court during the Qutb Shahi
times.
• The actual mosque occupies the top floor of the four-storey
structure.
• The eponymous towers are ornate minarets attached and
supported by four grand arches.
• The old city of Hyderabad was designed with charminar as its
centrepoint.
• The city was spread around the charminar in four different
quadrants and chambers,seggregated according to the
established settlements.
• Charminar's four fluted minarets are built into the main structure.
• There are 149 winding steps to reach the upper floor.
• The structure is also known for its profusion of stucco decorations
and the arrangement of its balustrades and balconies.
• There is also a legend of an underground tunnel connecting the
Golconda fort to Charminar.
70

71. Charminar (1591)AD
71
minarets186ft(57m) height
20m(66ft)
Ogee arch of 36ft (11m) span
arches
ablution tank

72. PERFORATED
BALUSTRADES
DOME
RICHLY EMBELLISHED
CORNICES
3 STOREYS
SMALL ARCHES
SMALL ARCADED
TRIFORIUM GALLERY
OGEE
ARCHES
ON 4 SIDES