Tribhuvan University, Nepal
Masters in Arts
Population Studies
Research method in Population analysis
Validity and Types Of validity
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3. Validity
• Validity is the extent to which a concept, conclusion or
measurement is well-founded, accurately measuring what it’s
supposed to and corresponds to real world.
• In simple terms, the validity is the degree to which the test
measures what it claims to measure.
• Validity simply relates to the form of tests, purpose of test and
population for whom it is intended.
• Validity seeks the answer of ‘Does it measure what it is supposed
to measure?’
4. • Anastasi 1968, “The validity of a test concern what the test
measures and how well it does so.”
• Paraphrasing the definition of validity from he influential
Standard for Educational and Psychological Testing (AERA,APA
& NCME, 1999), “ A test is valid to the extent that inferences
made from it are appropriate, meaningful, and useful.”
• Kelly (1927), “A test is valid if it measures what it claims to
measure.”
5. Types of validity:
1. External Validity:
External validity occurs when the causal relationship discovered
can be generalized to other people, time and contexts. Correct
sampling will allow generalization and hence give external
validity.
2. Internal validity:
Internal validity occurs when it can be concluded that there is a
causal relationship between the variables being studied. It is
related to the design of the experiment.
6. 3. Content Validity:
When we want to find out if the entire content of the
behavior/construct/area is represented in the test we compare the
test task with the content of the behavior. This is a logical method,
not an empirical one. Example, if we want to test knowledge on
American Geography it is not fair to have most questions limited to
the geography of New England.
4. Face Validity:
Face validity occurs where something appears to be valid. This
depends very much on the judgment of the observer.
7. 5. Test Validity:
a) Criterion: Correlation with the other standards or variables.
b) Predictive: Predicts future values of criterion.
c) Concurrent: Correlates with happening at the same time.
6. Construct Validity:
Construct validity accurately represent reality and relates to the
theory.
a) Convergent: theoretically should be related to each other, in
fact, observed to be related to each other.
b) Discriminant: theoretically should not be related to each other
are, in fact, observed not to be related to each other.
8. Conclusion:
• Validity refers to how accurately a method measures what it is
intended to measure.
• Generally validity is of 6 types. They are: External Validity,
Internal Validity, Criterion Validity, Face Validity, Test Validity,
Construct Validity.
• In our course content we should know about External Validity
(casual relationship and generalization), internal validity (causal
relationship between variables), construct vaidity (represent
reality and relates theory), conclusion validity (relationship
between two variables and cause and effects).
