1. CHAPTER 1 –
TREATY OF VERSAILLES

2. LESSON OBJECTIVES
Paris Peace Conference
 Jigsaw Activity!
Treaty of Versailles Terms

3. PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE
1919

4. THE SETTING

5. PALACE OF VERSAILLES

6. PALACE OF VERSAILLES

7. PALACE OF VERSAILLES

8. PALACE OF VERSAILLES
 Hall of Mirrors

9. THE CONFERENCE

10. VIDEO

11. WHY DID I SHOW YOU THE VIDEO?
 Appreciate the existence of different points
of view
 When you look at a particular event from
different perspectives, you will notice different
things

12. TAKE A LOOK AGAIN

13. PERSPECTIVE-TAKING
 When you look at an event from different
perspectives, you get a better appreciation
of it!

14. BACKGROUND
 War ended in November 1918 when Germany
agreed to sign an armistice
 Germany didn’t feel that it had been defeated
and expected to be consulted on the terms of the
treaty
 However, Germany was not invited to the Paris Peace
Conference
An armistice is a formal agreement of
warring parties to stop fighting.

15. JIGSAW ACTIVITY
Look at pages 6-7
Take 3 mins to look at what each
power wanted from the Conference
and why
 3A6 - USA
 3A7 – France
 3A8 - Britain
 3A9 - Italy

16. Lloyd George
Prime Minister
Britain
WHAT THE ALLIES SAID THEY WANTED
“…the settlement should be
considered a basis of
accommodation and change ,
rather than fulfillment and
repression.”
“…If Germany felt she has been
unjustly treated in the peace of
1919 she will find means of
exacting retribution from her
conquerors”

17. How do you think the British Prime Minister
Lloyd George wanted to treat Germany?
The British Prime minister would have wanted
to treat Germany fairly because he was afraid
that “if Germany felt she has been unjustly
treated in the peace of 1919 she will find
means of exacting retribution from her
conquerors”.

18. WHAT THE ALLIES SAID THEY WANTED
French president,
Georges
Clemenceau felt
that the treaty had
to be strict.
“I have not decided how
this will be accomplished.
I beg you to understand
my feelings, as I am
trying to understand
yours. America is far
away, protected by an
ocean. Britain could not
be reached even by
Napoleon himself. You
are, both of you are,
sheltered, we are not”

19. How do you think the French President
Clemenceau would have wanted to treat
Germany?
He would have wanted to weaken Germany so
as to prevent Germany from attacking France
again since France had no natural protection
from Germany. This can be seen from “America
is far away, protected by an ocean. Britain could
not be reached even by Napoleon himself. You
are, both of you are, sheltered, we are not”.

20. • The Anglo-Japanese alliance
drew Japan into WWI.
• Japan wanted to be seen as
a world power and to gain
control over German
possessions in Asia and the
Pacific.
Give us what we deserve…

21. LET’S HEAR FROM YOU…

22. TERMS OF THE TOV

23. THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES (1919)
…A "TREATY TO END ALL WARS."

24. WHAT’S THE MESSAGE OF THIS CARTOON?

25. TO WHAT EXTENT WAS THE TOV A
FAIR TREATY?
Inquiry Question

27. THINK LIKE A GERMAN!!

28. GUILT CLAUSE
 Germany had to accept blame for causing
WWI
 Guilty  pay reparations!!
 Why?
 Ensure that Germany would be punished for
the damage that had been done during WWI.

29. ARMED FORCES AND NAVAL RESTRICTIONS
 Rhineland demilitarised - Impact?
 Germany’s army reduced to 100,000 soldiers
 Conscription prohibited

30. ARMED FORCES AND NAVAL RESTRICTIONS
 Why?
 Germany would never be able to build up a large
reserve force, which it could call up in the event of
war.
 Weak German military = Less able to start a war

31. REPARATIONS

32. REPARATIONS
 Germany had to pay for the damages
caused by the war
 269 billion gold Reichmarks – paid through
ongoing payments and through the
surrender of coal and other resources

33. REPARATIONS
 Why?
 They needed money to repair the damage
done during WWI, and since they held
Germany responsible for the War, Germany
had to fund the repairs.

34. GERMAN TERRITORIAL
LOSSES
 Rhineland
demilitarised
 Alsace-Lorraine
returned to France
 Saar to be run by
League of Nations
until 1934 – all profits
from the industries to
be given to France

35. GERMAN TERRITORIAL LOSSES
 Austria and Germany not allowed to unite

36. GERMAN TERRITORIAL LOSSES
 ‘Polish Corridor’
created – East
Prussia separated
from rest of
Germany
 Germany lost all
colonies
 Africa – divided
between Britain
and France
 Asia-Pac – most
given up to Japan

37. Why?
 Make Germany weaker
 Allies would benefit from the land,
people and resources that they
would gain by taking over these
territories.
GERMAN TERRITORIAL LOSSES

38. LEAGUE OF NATIONS (LON)
 League of Nations (LON) was to be
established
 Why?
Prevent future armed conflicts by giving
countries opportunities to resolve their
disputes without going to war

39. SELF-DETERMINATION
 Principle of Self-Determination called for the
creation of independent nation states for
the various ethnic groups within Central
Europe
 Why?
 They wanted to give people who shared a
common culture, history and language the right
to form and run their own country.

40. SELF-DETERMINATION
 9 new states created. What were they? Compare
the two maps.

41. SELF-DETERMINATION
Problem with self-determination:
 The idea was difficult to put in place as the
different ethnic groups intermingled and this
made it impossible to form states with only
one ethnic group

42. RESPONSES TO THE TOV

43. THINK-PAIR-SHARE (3 MINS)
 If you were a German in 1919, how would you feel
about the Treaty’s terms?
 Look at the terms

44.  Many in Germany were angry
and humiliated at being made
to sign the TOV. They felt that
the treaty was too harsh and
unfair.
 Sections of the population
even felt that the German
representatives who signed the
treaty had ‘stabbed Germany
in the back’

45. HOMEWORK
 Look