The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) jointly hosted the International Conference on Climate Change and Food Security (ICCCFS) November 6-8, 2011 in Beijing, China. This conference provided a forum for leading international scientists and young researchers to present their latest research findings, exchange their research ideas, and share their experiences in the field of climate change and food security. The event included technical sessions, poster sessions, and social events. The conference results and recommendations were presented at the global climate talks in Durban, South Africa during an official side event on December 1.

1. Wheat Evolution Under
Climate Change Warming
Zhang Zhengbin
Center for agriculture resource research
Institute of genetics and development biology
Chinese Academy of Science

2. Global Climate Change and
Wheat Production in The World

3. WORLD CO2 EMISSIONS FROM FOSSIL FUELS

4. Global Mean Temperature
(140 year record)
Combined annual land-surface air and sea surface temperature anomalies (C°) 1861 to 2000 relative to
1961 and 1990. Two standard error uncertainties are shown as bars on the annual number.

7. in USDA

8. 1000hectare Rice Wheat Maize
Crop Plant area in China

9. Wheat Origin and Evolution
Region of wheat origin: Region of wheat cultivation:

10. Yellow and Huai
River Region

12. Wheat Evolution Under Climate
Change Warming in Yellow and Huai
River Region in China
Winter wheat →semi-winter wheat →semi-spring wheat
wheat seeding date was put off 10-20 days from 1980 to now

13. Wheat suffer drought and cold in China
2009
9.3 million ha 6.7 million ha

14. Wheat evolution

15. Hexaploidea, AABBDD
Tetraploidsa,AABB
Ae.squarrosa, DD
Ae. speltoides,BB
New variety
T. monoccum,AA AABBDD
T.boeoticum,AA
Wheat different species

16. New variety
AABBDD
Tetraploidsa,AABB
Ae.squarrosa, DD
Ae. speltoides,BB

17. Yield
Harvest index
WUE
Ancient species New varieties

19. 8000
产 量 Y （ k g / h m 2） Yield
6000
4000
2000
0
2x 4x 6x DLV ILV
260 蒸 散 量 ET（ mm) Evapotranspiration
255
250
245
240
235
230
2x 4x 6x DLV ILV
水分利用效率 WUE(kg/h ㎡ .mm) WUE
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
2x 4x 6x DLV I LV

24. Table 1. WUE(=photosynthetic rate/transpiration rate) of flag Leaf
of wheat ancestor species
Species Genome W 10 W 14 W 16 W
T.boeoticum AA 1.46 1.42 1.513 1.46
T.monococcum AA 2.105 1.614 2.14 1.953
Ae.spelta BB 0.649 1.276 1.526 1.150
Ae.squarrosa DD 0.704 0.611 1.005 0.773
2n 1.229 1.23 1.546 1.334
T.dicoccoides AABB 1.25 1.23 1.46 1.31
T.dicoccum AABB 1.443 1.25 1.801 1.5
T.carthlicum AABB 1.621 1.38 1.444 1.48
T.turanicum AABB 1.16 1.136 1.076 1.124
T.durum AABB 1.312 1.084 2.00 1.465
T.turgidum AABB 1.393 1.19 1.564 1.344
T.timopheevi AAGG 1.34 1.27 1.56 1.39
4n 1.359 1.22 1.557 1.344
T.spelta AABBDD 1.536 1.498 1.376 1.47
T.compactum AABBDD 1.26 1.33 2.078 1.56
T.macha AABBDD 1.407 0.975 1.54 1.31
T.vavilovi AABBDD 1.593 1.219 2.6 1.66
T.sphaerococcum AABBDD 1.533 1.494 1.97 1.67
T.zhukovskyi AAAAGG 1.405 0.929 1.12 1.15
T.aestivum AABBDD 1.714 1.40 2.13 1.75
6n 1.493 1.26 1.83 1.51
S.cereales RR 0.648 0.423 1.17 0.747
Hex.triticales AABBRR 1.424 1.637 2.17 1.744
Oct.triticales AABBDDRR 1.851 2.0 1.498 1.783

25. T. Moncoccum 10X AA
Shan 229 10X AABBDD

26. Table 2 Physiology Traits Evolution of Wheat
Ancestor Species
P/T P T △P △T G Ci GA GD
2n 1.60 13.35 8.45 0.307 239.60 4.42 1.77
4n 1.71 10.64 6.37 0.21 227.17 6.85 1.41
6n 1.98 8.68 4.76 0.15 218.50 7.03 1.38
2n-6n 34.98% 43.66% 4.67 3.69
2n-4n 20.29% 24.62% 2.71 2.08
4n-6n 18.42% 25.27% 1.96 1.61

27. Positive or Negative Effect on Wheat
Production of Climate change Warming？

28. Climate Change Wilts Farming Yields
Between 1980 and 2008, climbing global temperatures took millions of
tons of wheat off the dinner table. (Science/AAAS) By Daniel Strain,
Science News May 6, 2011

29. http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/wdc/map_gallery.jsp

30. Wheat Production will Meet
Challenge in Future in China

31. Annual mean temperature change from
1958-2007 in China
(℃/10Yr)
1958－2007年我国年均气温变化幅度
来源：中国气象局气候变化中心

32. Rainfall change from 1958-2007 in China
(%/10Yr)
1958-2007年我国年降水量变化幅度(%/10年）
来源：中国气象局气候变化中心

33. Groundwater funnel area expansion quickly in North China plain

34. Temperature change in China when double
CO2 concentration （℃）
来源中国气象局网
http://www.cma.gov.cn/qhbh/qhbhyg/200805/t20080508_6564.html

35. Precipitation change in China when double CO2
concentration (%）
来源中国气象局网
http://www.cma.gov.cn/qhbh/qhbhyg/200805/t20080508_6564.html

36. Thank you for your attention and
hope you give some suggestions