this comprises 22 slides regarding rotary endodontics in a nutshell. the reference is mainly from the textbook of grossman's endodontic practice.

1. ROTARY
ENDODONTICS

2. INTRODUCTION
The technical demands and level of precision required for successful
performance of endodontic procedures have traditionally been achieved by
careful manipulation of hand instruments within the root canal space and by strict
adherence to the biologic and surgical principles, essential for disinfection and
healing.
To improve the speed and efficiency of the treatment, recently there has been a
resurgence of mechanized or automated system for both preparation and sealing
of root canal system.

3. ROTARY ENDODONTIC INSTRUMENTS
• Instruments which are used within the root canals and follow the dynamics of
rotational motion

4. CLASSIFICATION OF ROTARY INSTRUMENTS
• Low-Speed Rotary Instruments:
• Gates-Glidden burs
• Peeso instruments
• Engine-driven instruments
• A. Rotary NiTi endodontic instruments
• B. Reciprocating instruments
• C. Self-adjusting file (SAF) y
• Ultrasonic and sonic instruments

5. LOW-SPEED INSTRUMENTS WITH LATCH-TYPE
ATTACHMENT (ROTARY ENDODONTIC INSTRUMENTS
USED WITH HANDPIECES)
• made of stainless steel.
• These are aggressive cutting instruments
• inflexible
• should be used at slow speed in a contra-angled
engine-driven handpiece
• extreme caution to prevent overinstrumentation
and perforations.

6. A. GATES-GLIDDEN DRILLS
• long, thin shaft ending in a flame-shaped head
• a safe tip to guard against perforations
• The flame head cuts laterally
• used with gentle, apically directed pressure
• long shaft is designed to break at the neck, the narrowest diameter that lies adjacent
to the handpiece.  If the drill binds during use, it will fracture at the neck of the
and will extrude from the tooth.
• The fractured segment is easily removed by grasping the broken shaft with pliers
pulling it out of the tooth.
The Gates-Glidden drill is used to:
 Remove the lingual shoulder during access
preparation of the anterior teeth
 Enlarge root canal orifices

7. B. PEESO REAMERS
• has long, sharp flutes connected to a thick shaft
• It cuts laterally
• used for the preparation of post space when gutta-percha has to be removed
from the obturated root canal.

8. ENGINE-DRIVEN INSTRUMENTS
• a. Nickel–Titanium Rotary Endodontic Instruments
• superelastic alloy  does not exhibit proportional strain under stress until a specific
level is attained that ultimately causes fracture.
• the austenitic crystalline structure of the alloy which transformed into a martensitic
crystalline structure under stress.
• nitinol exhibits shape memory, i.e., the ability to return to its original shape once the
stress is removed.
• This has led to the development of numerous types of endodontic instruments
which can be employed in a truly rotary or 360° revolution within a curved root
canal.

9. PROFILE
LIGHTSPEED

10. PROTAPER
HERO

11. K3
TWISTED FILES
PROTAPER NEXT

12. FLEXMASTER MTwo

13. RECENT ADVANCES IN NICKEL–TITANIUM
METALLURGY
• R phase  an intermediate phase with a rhomboidal structure that can form
during forward transformation from martensite to austenite on heating and
reverse transformation from austenite to martensite on cooling.
• M wire technology: This system is composed of three crystalline phases—
deformed and micro twinned martensite, premartensitic R-phase, and austenitic
phase
eg: Protaper Next, Twisted Files.
• Controlled memory wires: consists of subjecting the files to a specialized heat
treatment with an austenitic finish temperature of approximately 55°C, e.g.,
Hyflex rotary instruments.

14. MOTORS FOR NICKEL–
TITANIUM ROTARY
INSTRUMENTATION
(a) Gear reduction handpiece
(1:64 or 1:128)
(b) Electric/battery-powered
slowspeed endodontic motors
with torque control. X-SMART
(c) Electric/battery-powered
slow-speed endodontic motors
with torque control. TCM Endo
III
(d) Endotouch TC cordless
endodontic motor
(e) X-Smart easy cordless
endodontic motor

15. B. RECIPROCATING INSTRUMENTS
Concept: The reciprocating instruments function at unequal bidirectional angles.
• The counterclockwise engaging angle is five times the clockwise disengaging
angle and is designed to be less than the elastic limit of the file.
• Strategically, after three counterclockwise and clockwise cutting cycles, the file
will have rotated 360°, or one complete circle.
• This allows a file to progress more readily, cut efficiently, and effectively auger
debris out of the canal, e.g., WaveOne system and Reciproc

16. C. SELF-ADJUSTING FILE
• INTRODUCED BY ZVI METZGER.
• CONCEPT: THE FILE THREE DIMENSIONALLY ADAPTS BOTH LONGITUDINALLY AND ALONG THE CROSS-SECTION OF THE
ROOT CANAL SYSTEM.
• THIS RESULTS IN A UNIFORM CUTTING ACTION OF THE DENTIN FROM THE CANAL WALLS (60–75 µM THICK) AND
PRESERVES THE BASIC SHAPE OF THE ROOT CANAL.
• USED AS SINGLE USE FILES
• CONSISTS OF A HOLLOW COMPRESSIBLE NICKEL–TITANIUM LATTICE WITH A THIN-WALLED POINTED CYLINDER 1.5 OR
2.0 MM IN DIAMETER.
• OPERATED WITH A MODIFIED KAVO VIBRATING HANDPIECE GENERATING 3,000–5,000 VIBRATIONS/MIN AT AMPLITUDE OF
0.4 MM.
• FEATURE OF CONTINUOUS IRRIGATION BY A SILICON TUBE TO THE IRRIGATION HUB ON THE FILE.
• THE DEVICE OPERATES WITH AN IN-AND-OUT MANUAL MOTION USING TWO CYCLES OF 2 MINUTES EACH FOR A TOTAL
OF 4 MIN/CANAL.
• INCREASED FLEXIBILITY AS IT LACKS A METAL CORE AND IS LESS SUSCEPTIBLE TO FRACTURE.
(A) THE SAF INSTRUMENT.
(B) NITI LATTICE.
(c) Endostation
(d) SAF instrument mounted
on handpiece

17. ULTRASONIC AND SONIC INSTRUMENTS
mainly for cleaning the root canals and have a limited role in
of the root canals.
ULTRASONIC : consists of a piezoelectric or a magnetostrictive unit that generates
ultrasonic waves.
• The piezoelectrical units are better in that they are more powerful and generate
lesser heat than the magnetostrictive systems.
• The handpiece holds a K-file or a specially designed diamond file that
• when activated, produces movements of the shaft of the file between 0.001 and
0.004 inch at a frequency of 25–30 kHz
• This oscillating movement produces the cutting action of the file and creates an
ultrasonic wave of irrigant solution, which is delivered along the side of the file into
the root canal. The ultrasonic vibration produces heat that increases the chemical
effectiveness of the irrigating solution.

18. • It also produces two significant physical processes:
• Cavitation: This is the growth and collapse of bubbles, with a resulting increase in the
the mechanical cleansing activity of the solution. Because of this increase in thermal
and mechanical activity of the irrigating solution delivered into the root canal, removal
of debris and tissue from the isthmus and removal of the smear layer are more
efficient. The bactericidal action of the irrigating solution also increases. However, the
root canal diameter does not permit cavitation significantly.
• Acoustic streaming: This is the formation of small but intense eddy currents or fluid
movements around the oscillating instrument. This improves the cleaning ability of the
irrigant through hydrodynamic stresses

19. • SONIC HANDPIECES : operate at 2–3 kHz
• They are similar in shape and weight to dental handpieces and are
attached to existing air and water lines.
• uses water as an irrigant and requires special instruments known as:
• Rispi Sonic
• Shaper sonic
• Trio sonic (or Helio sonic)

20. KEDO S FILES
• an exclusive paediatric endodontic file system has been introduced
for cleaning and shaping of primary root canals
• Kedo file system consists of kedo-S (kids-Endodontic-Shaper), an
engine drive Nickel-Titanium (Ni-Ti) rotary file system [and Kedo-
SH hand use file system consisting of stainless steel and Ni-Ti files.

21. COMPARISON OF INSTRUMENTATION TIME AND
OBTURATION QUALITY BETWEEN HAND K-FILE, H-FILES,
AND ROTARY KEDO-S IN ROOT CANAL TREATMENT OF
PRIMARY TEETH: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL•
Veerale Panchal, Ganesh Jeevanandan, EMG Subramanian
Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College,
Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Aim: The aim of this study is to compare the obturation quality and instrumentation time after
root canal instrumentation with rotary Kedo-S files, hand K-files, and H-files in primary molars.
Materials and Methods: A randomized control trial where pulpectomy was performed on 75
primary molars equally distributed for instrumentation with K-file, H-files rotary Kedo-S files,
respectively. The instrumentation time and obturation quality were noted.
Results: Kedo-S files showed the least instrumentation time with better obturation quality as
compared to other two groups (P < 0.001).
Conclusion: Pediatric rotary files Kedo-S has better obturation quality in minimum
instrumentation time.

22. THANKYOU