Slides from the Final Review Meeting of the Slope Project

1. Project SLOPE
Final Review
1/Feb/2017
WP7 – Piloting the SLOPE demonstrator
Brussels, Feb 1st, 2017
Task 7.1 - Definition of evaluation methodology
Task 7.2 - Preparation of demonstrators
Task 7.3 - Trials and validation cycle
Task 7.4 – Training on the job

2. WP Overview
• Status: Completed (100%)
• Length: 24 Months (From M13 to M36)
• Involved Partners
• Leader: BOKU
• Participants: GRAPHITECH,CNR-IVALSA, COMPOLAB, COASTWAY, MHG,
FLYBY, GREIFENBERG, TREEMETRICS, ITENE
• Aim: Execute machine and systems development and
demonstrations, Introduction of the new technology to potential
stakeholders, Training on the job.
Final Review
1/Feb/2017

3. WP Overview
• Outputs:
• D.7.03.01 Demo report for data collection I (M32)
• D.7.03.02 Demo report for data collection II (M36)
• D.7.04 Demo report for quality control (M36)
• D.7.05 Demo report for timber supply performance & ERP (M36)
Final Review
1/Feb/2017

4. Process
Final Review
1/Feb/2017
T 7.1 Definition
of evaluation
methodology
T 7.2 -
Preparation of
demonstrators
T 7.3 - Trials
and validation
T 7.4 – Training
on the job

5. Final Review
1/Feb/2017
Project SLOPE - WP7 – Task 7.2
T.7.2 – Preparation of demonstrators
Brussels, 01 February 2017

6. Overview - T 7.2
• Involved Partners
 Leader: CNR
 Participants: GRAPHITECH, COAST, COMBOLAB, MHG, BOKU,
GRE, TRE, ITENE
 Aim: Prepare demonstrators and relative experimental
design
• Outputs: Deliverables D7.02
Final Review
Meeting 01 FEB 17

7. Overview – T 7.2
SITE SELECTION
• Technical characteristics (slope, trees size and species)
• Timing (harvest plan suitable with SLOPE)
• Economic sustainability (no or little budget)
SOVER (Italy)
ANNABERG im LAMMERTAL (Austria)
Final Review
Meeting 01 FEB 17

8. Overview – T 7.2
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
• Segregation of operations
• Time study modality
• Time motion study
• Video analysis
• Quality assessment
Final Review
Meeting 01 FEB 17

9. Task 7.2
Final Review
Meeting 01 FEB 17
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
• Suitable site selection

10. Task 7.2
Final Review
Meeting 01 FEB 17
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
• Segregation of operations

11. Task 7.2
Final Review
Meeting 01 FEB 17
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
• Time study modality
• Time motion study
• Quality assessment

12. Task 7.2
Final Review
Meeting 01 FEB 17
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
• Time study modality
• Video analysis

13. Task 7.2
Final Review
Meeting 01 FEB 17
Video analysis
Action cams on machines and tripod

14. Task 7.2
Final Review
1/Feb/2017
SELECTED SITES

15. Survey site Sover
• Study site is located in the Italian province of Trento, in the territory
of the municipality of Sover
• Survey area (10 ha) lies on Montesover (880 m - 1360 m)
• SLOPE harvesting area (0.93 ha; 920 m - 1025 m)
Final Review
Meeting 01 FEB 17

16. Survey site Sover
• SLOPE harvesting area (0.93 ha):
 UAV survey was performed in summer 2014
 TLS survey was performed in summer 2015
 north exposed
 slope range of 70 % - 100 %
 landing area downhill on area close to public road
 85 % spruce; 15 % larches and firs
 Main strata about 90 years old
 stock: 297 m3
 number of stems: 182
 basal area: 34.8 m2
 mean dbh: 42.7 cm
 mean hight (hLorey): 21.2 m
Final Review
Meeting 01 FEB 17

17. Survey site Sover
• SLOPE harvesting area (0.93 ha):
 Maturity harvest (selective cutting): Extraction of 91 RFID marked trees
(Just Picea abies was marked)
 Other trees (including other species) had been extracted during the
operations
Final Review
Meeting 01 FEB 17

18. Survey site Annaberg
• Study site is located in the Austrian province Salzburg, in the village
Annaberg im Lammertal
• Survey area (8 ha) lies on Promberg (905 m - 1144 m)
• SLOPE harvesting area (0.42 ha; 1031 m - 1128 m)
Final Review
Meeting 01 FEB 17

19. Survey site Annaberg
• SLOPE harvesting area (0.42 ha; first section):
 first 200 m x 30 m section is the SLOPE harvesting area
 UAV+TLS survey was performed in autumn 2015
 northwest exposed
 slope range of 60 % - 100 %
 small flatter part in the upper sector 30 % - 60 %
 90 % spruce; 10 % firs and larches spread over the harvesting area
 80 years old
 stock: 466 m3
 number of stems: 345
 basal area: 34.8 m2
 mean dbh: 33.7 cm
 mean hight (hLorey): 30.2 m
 yield class spruce: 15.4 m3/ha/year
Final Review
Meeting 01 FEB 17

20. Survey area
SLOPE harvesting area
Additional harvesting area
ÖBF agreement

21. THANKS
Final Review
1/Feb/2017
QUESTIONS?

22. Project SLOPE
T.7.3 – Trials and validation cycle
Brussels, 01 February 2017
Kühmaier Martin, Pichler Gerhard, Kastner Maximilian, Zitek Andreas
Institute of Forest Engineering
University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna
Picchi Gianni, Sandak Jakub
CNR IVALSA
Umberto di Staso
Fondazione Graphitech
Final Review
Meeting 01 FEB 17

23. Overview
• Involved Partners
 Leader: BOKU
 Participants: GRAPHITECH, CNR, COMBOLAB, MHG, BOKU,
GRE, TRE, ITENE
 Aim: Trials and validation of the SLOPE system on survey sites
in Austria and Italy
• Outputs: Deliverables D7.031, D7.032, D7.04 and D7.05
Final Review
Meeting 01 FEB 17

24. Introduction
• The objective of this task was to validate the new SLOPE
system in a mountainous forest scenario
• The new system was tested in Sover (Italy) and in Annaberg
(Austria)
• The efficiency of the SLOPE system will be measured by
methods which were explained in D7.02
• This should lead to the strengths and weaknesses of the new
system and support improvement
Final Review
Meeting 01 FEB 17

25. Performed activities in Sover
RFID marking and
tag model testing
10.10.2014
Final Review
Meeting 01 FEB 17

26. Performed activities in Sover
RFID update all tested types changed to SLOPE
model
17.04.2016
TLS survey and additional RFID marking
03-07.08.2015
UAV survey
28-31.07.2014
Final Review
Meeting 01 FEB 17

27. Performed activities in Sover
RFID replacement after felling
25.06.2016
Felling of trees,
cableway
installation
24-25.06.2016
Final Review
Meeting 01 FEB 17

28. Performed activities in Sover
Harvesting
operation
04-07.07.2016
Final Review
Meeting 01 FEB 17

29. Conclusions from Sover
Final Review
Meeting 01 FEB 17
• Positive Aspects:
• Forest inventory was successfully completed
• First real testing of SLOPE machines and equipment
• Machines were able to extract and to process trees
• Rope launcher was working well
• Problems:
• BananaPro power system broke due to very hot temperatures
• Not all sensors were installed on the processor head
• RFID sensors on carriage was not working well
• Engine overheating
• Productivity was very low
• Opportunity:
• Room for improvement for the second demo in Annaberg

30. Performed activities in Annaberg
• Selection of the cable line in SAGIS and generating GPS coordinates
(survey area, SLOPE harvesting area)
• Marking corner points and borders of the survey area and
harvesting area with colour spray on the basis of GPS data in
Annaberg
• Marking cable line adapted on terrain conditions with marking tape
• Making a complete enumeration for the SLOPE harvesting area

31. Performed activities in Annaberg
Marking harvesting trees
with white colour spray
UAV survey by COASTWAY
05.10.-09.10.2015
TLS survey by TREEMETRICS
02.11.-06.11.2015
Final Review
Meeting 01 FEB 17

32. Performed activties in Annaberg
• RFID tree marking and angle count sampling in Annaberg by BOKU
14.06.2016-15.06.2016
Final Review
Meeting 01 FEB 17

33. Performed activities in Annaberg
Final Review
Meeting 01 FEB 17
Felling of trees
05.-06.10.2016
RFID replacement after felling
05.-06.10.2016

34. Performed activities in Annaberg
Final Review
Meeting 01 FEB 17
Installation of
cable yarder
08-09.10.2016

35. Performed activities in Annaberg
Final Review
Meeting 01 FEB 17
Harvesting
operations
10.-12.10.2016

36. Conclusions from Annaberg
Final Review
Meeting 01 FEB 17
• Positive Aspects – Lessons learned:
• Forest inventory was again successful
• System was more productive than in Sover
• The whole supply chain including intelligent truck was tested
• Sensors were collecting reliable data
• Advisory board was satisfied with the demo
• Problems:
• Time to receive permission for the UAV flights was very long
• Small repair work was necessary for processor head
• HI sensor was available but not mounted on the processor head
• Conclusion:
• Productivity was higher but has to be improved
• The system has the potential to become marketable (T.8.2)

37. D.7.03.01 and D.7.03.02 Demo reports for data collection
In order to simplify and speed up the process of metadata acquisition by data providers,
a survey template, attached was designed and distributed across the involved partners
The survey template was composed by six attributes, specifically
 Data Source: provides a list of all possible mechanism (hardware components or other data sources)
used to retrieve and provide information.
 Acoustic Measurements; Cable Crane; Cutting Power; Forest Inventory ; Harvesting Planning;
Hyperspectral Imaging; Intelligent Truck; Near Infrared Spectroscopy; Open Data; Processor
Head; RFID Tags: RFID tags applied to each log; Supply Chain; UAV Data; Terrestrial Laser
Scanner; Other.
 Referring on: provides the list the pilot locations. The “Other” option is available to enable the
collection of metadata information retrieved from other test opportunities (e.g. laboratory tests, extra
test on the field, etc.). a. Sover: pilot demonstration in Sover, Italy, performed in July 2016;
 Piscine; Annaberg; Other
 Typology: used to specify the type of the data.
 Format: used to specify the format of the data.
 Description: brief description of the dataset, if not self-explanatory.
 Quantitative Parameters: used to report quantitative parameters.
Final Review
Meeting 01 FEB 17

38. Final Review
Meeting 01 FEB 17
D.7.03.01 and D.7.03.02 Demo reports for data collection

39. Final Review
Meeting 01 FEB 17
D.7.03.01 and D.7.03.02 Demo reports for data collection

40. Demo of Quality Control
Log will be graded by machine
Log will be graded by experts (not
certified)
Grading of logs with certified expert
Saw mill should provide feedback to
have also an independent grading
Planned generalized grading scheme
for Sover, I Tree marked with RFID in field
Tree felled
Tree transported via cable crane
Tree processed and logs cut, sensor data (CP#1 QI, CF#2 QI, SW#1 QI)
collected by processor head, logs graded by machine
Retrieval of wood discs (5 cm thickness) for retrieval of NIR#3, NIR#4 s,
NIR#5, NIR#7 and HI#1 to HI#7 in post processing
Grading of logs by non-certified expert
Data analysis, comparison and discussion
Implemented grading scheme in Annaberg, AT
Final Review
Meeting 01 FEB 17

41. Grading of logs by expert scheme:
Austrian Practices forTimberTrading (based on CEN/ENV 1927-1:2008)
Tree species Workers
Site Time Date
Sample Nr. Storage time Pict. Nr.
Characteristics log disc (wood disc)
No/Yes
No/Yes
No/minor/existing
No/< 5 cm/> 5 cm
No/Yes
Wood log
No/Yes
No/Yes
Pulp & paper wood/good qual.
possible: A B C Pulp & paper wood/bad qual.
Split
Spiral grain
Taper < 1,5 cm/rm / > 1,5 cm/rm
Quality:
Assessment form for the qualitative classification of softwood round timber based on
Austrian Practices for Timber Trading
Split
Length
Knots
up to 29 cm mid-diameter 1/rm
and from > 30 cm mid-diameter
2/rm
Sweep
No/ one-sided 15-20 % of the mid-
diameter, two-sided 7-10 % of the
mid-diameter
Ring shakes
No/Yes but max. < 15 % of the
diameter/ > 15 % of diameter
Heart shakes
Insect attac
Stain
Resin pockets
Diameter
Knots
No/intergrown < 5 cm - dead < 3
cm/intergrown 5-8 cm - dead 3-5
cm
Eccentric pith
No/Yes but only max. 10% of the
diameter/ > 10 % of the diameter
Visual grading
of log disc
Visual grading
of log shaft
Final Review
Meeting 01 FEB 17

42. Grading of logs by expert scheme:
Austrian Practices forTimberTrading (based on CEN/ENV 1927-1)
Final Review
Meeting 01 FEB 17
Visual grading
of log disc
Visual grading
of log shaft
Class A is used for all premium uses. It has to be
healthy, with a straight shaft, without eccentric
pith, spiral grain or knots. Only an absolute
minimum of quality impairment is allowed.
Class B are all logs, that cannot be classified as A
but do not show bigger quality impairments than:
Knots on log shaft:
< 29 cm diameter: max. No. of knots n = 1 / rm
> 29 cm diameter: max. No. of knots n = 2 / rm
Excentric pith < 10 % of diameter
….
Class C are all logs, where the defined values of
category B are exceeded, but the use as round
wood log is still possible.
Excentric pith 10 – 50 % % of diameter…
Class Pulp & paper wood All wood having
impairments worse than C, or have a smaller
minimum diameter (< 10 cm to 4/7 cm) or rot.
Tree species Workers
Site Time Date
Sample Nr. Storage time Pict. Nr.
Characteristics log disc (wood disc)
No/Yes
No/Yes
No/minor/existing
No/< 5 cm/> 5 cm
No/Yes
Wood log
No/Yes
No/Yes
Pulp & paper wood/good qua
possible: A B C Pulp & paper wood/bad qual
Split
Spiral grain
Taper < 1,5 cm/rm / > 1,5 cm/rm
Quality:
Assessment form for the qualitative classification of softwood round timber based on
Austrian Practices for Timber Trading
Split
Length
Knots
up to 29 cm mid-diameter 1/rm
and from > 30 cm mid-diameter
2/rm
Sweep
No/ one-sided 15-20 % of the mid-
diameter, two-sided 7-10 % of the
mid-diameter
Ring shakes
No/Yes but max. < 15 % of the
diameter/ > 15 % of diameter
Heart shakes
Insect attac
Stain
Resin pockets
Diameter
Knots
No/intergrown < 5 cm - dead < 3
cm/intergrown 5-8 cm - dead 3-5
cm
Eccentric pith
No/Yes but only max. 10% of the
diameter/ > 10 % of the diameter

43. Grading of logs by SLOPE system
SW#1 QI (ToF): stress wave
NIR#3 reaction wood,
NIR#4 sapwood, NIR#5 for
knot, NIR#7 for normal
wood
MicroNIR with external sensor connected to the
Software system
Automated collection of sensor data
Stress wave hammer and resulting results in the SW
CP#1 QI (chain saw):
cutting force
CF#2 QI (delimbing):
debranching data
Hyperspectral indices collected in
lab from wood discs
Final Review
Meeting 01 FEB 17

44. Grading of logs by SLOPE system
Threshold values for the definition of the quality indices
quality
index
name value_min value_max QI treshold product #1:
construction
wood
product #2:
plywood
product #3:
pulp
product #4: fuel quality class A quality class B quality class C quality class D
total minimum score: 0,3 0,3 0,1 0,1 0,9 0,5 0,3 0,1
CF1QI CF chain saw 1 10 0,3 1,0 0,5 0,8 0,7 0,6 0,5
CF2QI delimbing 500 10000 0,3 1,0 0,2 1,0 0,8 0,5 0,3
SW1QU Time offlight 500 1500 0,5 1,0 0,0 1,0 0,8 0,7 0,4
SW2QI Free vibrations
NIR1QI reaction wood 0,4 1,0 0,4 0,9 0,7 0,5 0,3
NIR2QI sapwood 0,5 0,4 0,7 0,4 0,2 0,1
NIR3QI bark
NIR4QI rot
NIR5QI knot
NIR6QI resin
NIR7QI normal wood
HI1QI reaction wood
HI2QI sapwood
HI3QI bark
HI4QI rot
HI5QI knot
HI6QI resin
HI7QI normal wood
Final Review
Meeting 01 FEB 17

45. D7.04 Demo report for Quality Control
Combination of the results of both grading systems
Class A is used for all premium uses. It has to be
healthy, with a straight shaft, without eccentric pith,
spiral grain or knots. Only an absolute minimum of
quality impairment is allowed.
Class B are all logs, that cannot be classified as A but
that do not show bigger quality impairments than:
Knots on log shaft:
< 29 cm diameter: max. No. of knots n = 1 / rm
> 29 cm diameter: max. No. of knots n = 2 / rm
Excentric pith < 10 % of diameter
…
Class C are all logs, where the defined values of
category B are exceeded, but the use as round wood
log is still possible
Knots on log shaft:
< 29 cm diameter: max. No. of knots > 1 / rm
> 29 cm diameter: max. No. of knots > 2 / rm
Excentric pith 10 – 50 % % of diameter
…
Class Pulp & paper wood/bad qual.
All wood having impairments worse than C, or have a
smaller minimum diameter or rot.
quality
index
name value_min value_max QI treshold product #1:
construction
wood
product #2:
plywood
product #3:
pulp
product #4: fuel quality class A quality class B quality class C quality class D
total minimum score: 0,3 0,3 0,1 0,1 0,9 0,5 0,3 0,1
CF1QI CF chain saw 1 10 0,3 1,0 0,5 0,8 0,7 0,6 0,5
CF2QI delimbing 500 10000 0,3 1,0 0,2 1,0 0,8 0,5 0,3
SW1QU Time offlight 500 1500 0,5 1,0 0,0 1,0 0,8 0,7 0,4
SW2QI Free vibrations
NIR1QI reaction wood 0,4 1,0 0,4 0,9 0,7 0,5 0,3
NIR2QI sapwood 0,5 0,4 0,7 0,4 0,2 0,1
NIR3QI bark
NIR4QI rot
NIR5QI knot
NIR6QI resin
Final Review
Meeting 01 FEB 17

46. D7.04 Comparison of grading results
Final Review
Meeting 01 FEB 17
log RFID
qualityclass
expert
COMMENTon
VISUAL
GRADING
SYSTEM
qualityclass
SLOPE
overallQI
SLOPE
CP#1QI(chain
saw)
CF#2QI
(delimbing)
SW#1QI(ToF)
NIR#1
(sapwood)
NIR#2
(reaction
wood)
2917 B (C)
Should be C, No. of knots
underestimated by VG/or
overestimated by delimbing
C 0.36 1.00 0.19 0.43 0.20 1.00
2920 C No. of knots decisive C 0.34 0.43 0.65 0.43 0.20 0.50
2929 C No. of knots decisive C 0.48 0.24 0.41 0.77 1.00 0.00
2954 C
Excentric pith & No. of
knots decisive
C 0.48 0.27 0.23 0.90 1.00 0.50
2955 C No. of knots & split decisive D 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.11 1.00 1.00
2956 C No. of knots decisive D 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.54 0.20 0.50
2958 C No. of knots decisive C 0.47 0.44 0.40 0.90 0.60 1.00
2960 C
Eccentric pith (> 10 %) &
stain/reaction wood
(significant) decisive by VG
D 0.15 0.00 0.34 0.21 0.20 0.50

47. D7.04 Comparison of grading results
oduct #2:
plywood
product #3:
pulp
product #4: fuel quality class A quality class B quality class C quality class D
0,3 0,1 0,1 0,9 0,5 0,3 0,1
0,5 0,8 0,7 0,6 0,5
0,2 1,0 0,8 0,5 0,3
0,0 1,0 0,8 0,7 0,4
0,4 0,9 0,7 0,5 0,3
0,7 0,4 0,2 0,1
Final Review
Meeting 01 FEB 17
quality
index
name value_min value_max QI treshold product #1:
construction
wood
product #2:
plywood
product #3:
pulp
product #4: fuel quality class A quality class B quality class C quality class D
otal minimum score: 0,3 0,3 0,1 0,1 0,9 0,5 0,3 0,1
CF1QI CF chain saw 1 10 0,3 1,0 0,5 0,8 0,7 0,6 0,5
CF2QI delimbing 500 10000 0,3 1,0 0,2 1,0 0,8 0,5 0,3
SW1QU Time of flight 500 1500 0,5 1,0 0,0 1,0 0,8 0,7 0,4
SW2QI Free vibrations
NIR1QI reaction wood 0,4 1,0 0,4 0,9 0,7 0,5 0,3
NIR2QI sapwood 0,5 0,4 0,7 0,4 0,2 0,1
NIR3QI bark
NIR4QI rot
NIR5QI knot
NIR6QI resin
NIR7QI normal wood
HI1QI reaction wood
HI2QI sapwood
HI3QI bark
HI4QI rot
HI5QI knot
HI6QI resin
HI7QI normal wood
Demo of Quality Control
Log information
Tree species P. abies
Site Annaberg, AT
Date/Time 11.10.2016, 11:33
Workers Zitek/Kastner
Sample Nr. 2920
Tree Nr. 82
Visual judgement log disc Image of wood disc Path for NIR measurements
Diameter (cm) 21
NIR sap wood diameter:
22-2-4=16 cm
Knots Yes, < 5 cm, dead
Eccentric pith Yes, < 10 %
Ring shakes No
Heart shakes No
Insect attack No
Stain No
Resin pockets No
Split No
Visual judgement wood log HI derived image Image based on NIR data
Length (cm) 300
Knots yes, > 1/rm
Sweep No
Split No
Spiral grain No
Taper < 1,5 cm/rm Position and dimension of knots along the log shaft.
Visual Quality Sensor-based Quality Indices measured
A CF1QI CF chain saw 0,43
B CF2QI Delimbing 0,65
C SW1QU Time of flight 0,43
Pulp & paper wood/good qual. NIR1QI Reaction wood 0,20
Pulp & paper wood/bad qual. NIR2QI Sapwood 0,50
Verbal interpretation of results SLOPE Quality Index
The quality of log# 2920 assessed
by expert (C) and automatic
system (C) are comparable. The
delimbing scheme only shows
very small knots. The log can be
used in demanding downstream
conversion, including construction
sector
overall QI SLOPE 0.34
construction wood Y (0.36)
plywood N (0.27)
fuel N (0.00)
pulp Y (0.43)
quality class: A N (0.37)
quality class: B N (0.38)
quality class: C Y (0.38)
quality class: D Y (0.39)
Sample RFID 2920

48. D7.04 Comparison of grading results
2: product #3:
pulp
product #4: fuel quality class A quality class B quality class C quality class D
0,1 0,1 0,9 0,5 0,3 0,1
0,8 0,7 0,6 0,5
1,0 0,8 0,5 0,3
1,0 0,8 0,7 0,4
0,9 0,7 0,5 0,3
0,4 0,2 0,1
Final Review
Meeting 01 FEB 17
quality
index
name value_min value_max QI treshold product #1:
construction
wood
product #2:
plywood
product #3:
pulp
product #4: fuel quality class A quality class B quality class C quality class D
otal minimum score: 0,3 0,3 0,1 0,1 0,9 0,5 0,3 0,1
CF1QI CF chain saw 1 10 0,3 1,0 0,5 0,8 0,7 0,6 0,5
CF2QI delimbing 500 10000 0,3 1,0 0,2 1,0 0,8 0,5 0,3
SW1QU Time of flight 500 1500 0,5 1,0 0,0 1,0 0,8 0,7 0,4
SW2QI Free vibrations
NIR1QI reaction wood 0,4 1,0 0,4 0,9 0,7 0,5 0,3
NIR2QI sapwood 0,5 0,4 0,7 0,4 0,2 0,1
NIR3QI bark
NIR4QI rot
NIR5QI knot
NIR6QI resin
NIR7QI normal wood
HI1QI reaction wood
HI2QI sapwood
HI3QI bark
HI4QI rot
HI5QI knot
HI6QI resin
HI7QI normal wood
Sample RFID 2955
Demo of Quality Control
Log information
Tree species P. abies
Site Annaberg, AT
Date/Time 11.10.2016, 16:40
Workers Zitek/Kastner
Sample Nr. 2955
Tree Nr. 8
Visual judgement log disc Image of wood disc Path for NIR measurements
Diameter (cm) 25
NIR sap wood diameter:
26-3-2=21 cm
Knots No
Eccentric pith No
Ring shakes No
Heart shakes No
Insect attack No
Stain No
Resin pockets No
Split Yes
Visual judgement wood log HI derived image Image based on NIR data
Length (cm) 500
Knots yes, > 1/rm
Sweep No
Split Yes
Spiral grain No
Taper < 1,5 cm/rm Position and dimension of knots along the log shaft.
Visual Quality Sensor-based Quality Indices measured
A CF1QI CF chain saw 0,00
B CF2QI Delimbing 0,00
C SW1QU Time of flight 0,11
Pulp & paper wood/good qual. NIR1QI Reaction wood 1,00
Pulp & paper wood/bad qual. NIR2QI Sapwood 1,00
Verbal interpretation of results SLOPE Quality Index
The quality of log# 2955 assessed
by expert (C) and automatic
system (<D) is very low. The log
cannot be used in demanding
downstream conversion,
including construction sector.
The split of the wood disc and of
the wood log was hard to detect
by the visual NIR system.
However, the stress wave values
gives an indication of the
impaired quality by the crack,
both systems yielded a low
quality, with the automated
system being more restrictive.
overall QI SLOPE 0.22
construction wood N (0.12)
plywood Y (0.39)
fuel N (0.00)
pulp Y (0.00)
quality class: A N (0.12)
quality class: B N (0.09)
quality class: C N (0.07)
quality class: D N (0.03)

49. D7.04 Comparison of grading results
#2:
d
product #3:
pulp
product #4: fuel quality class A quality class B quality class C quality class D
0,1 0,1 0,9 0,5 0,3 0,1
0,8 0,7 0,6 0,5
1,0 0,8 0,5 0,3
1,0 0,8 0,7 0,4
0,9 0,7 0,5 0,3
0,4 0,2 0,1
Final Review
Meeting 01 FEB 17
quality
index
name value_min value_max QI treshold product #1:
construction
wood
product #2:
plywood
product #3:
pulp
product #4: fuel quality class A quality class B quality class C quality class D
otal minimum score: 0,3 0,3 0,1 0,1 0,9 0,5 0,3 0,1
CF1QI CF chain saw 1 10 0,3 1,0 0,5 0,8 0,7 0,6 0,5
CF2QI delimbing 500 10000 0,3 1,0 0,2 1,0 0,8 0,5 0,3
SW1QU Time offlight 500 1500 0,5 1,0 0,0 1,0 0,8 0,7 0,4
SW2QI Free vibrations
NIR1QI reaction wood 0,4 1,0 0,4 0,9 0,7 0,5 0,3
NIR2QI sapwood 0,5 0,4 0,7 0,4 0,2 0,1
NIR3QI bark
NIR4QI rot
NIR5QI knot
NIR6QI resin
NIR7QI normal wood
HI1QI reaction wood
HI2QI sapwood
HI3QI bark
HI4QI rot
HI5QI knot
HI6QI resin
HI7QI normal wood
Demo of Quality Control
Log information
Tree species P. abies
Site Annaberg, AT
Date/Time 11.10.2016, 17:30
Workers Zitek/Kastner
Sample Nr. 2960
Tree Nr. 14
Visual judgement log disc Image of wood disc Path for NIR measurements
Diameter (cm) 17
Hyperspectral image (not
available)
NIR sap wood diameter:
18-4-4 = 10 cm
Knots No
Eccentric pith Yes, > 10 %
Ring shakes No
Heart shakes No
Insect attack No
Stain Yes, react. w., sign.
Resin pockets No
Split No
Visual judgement wood log HI derived image Image based on NIR data
Length (cm) 400
Knots no, < 1/rm
Sweep No
Split No
Spiral grain No
Taper < 1,5 cm/rm Position and dimension of knots along the log shaft.
Visual Quality Sensor-based Quality Indices measured
A CF1QI CF chain saw 0,00
B CF2QI Delimbing 0,34
C SW1QU Time of flight 0,21
Pulp & paper wood/good qual. NIR1QI Reaction wood 0,20
Pulp & paper wood/bad qual. NIR2QI Sapwood 0,50
Verbal interpretation of results SLOPE Quality Index
The quality of log# 2960 assessed
by expert (C) and automatic
system (D) are comparable.
The low density of knots visually
observed could clearly be also
seen on the delimbing scheme.
The significant reaction wood
impairment determined by visual
assessment could also be seen by
the MicroNIR sensor. MicroNIR
measurements additionally
detected a knot which was not
identified by visual interpretation.
overall QI SLOPE 0.15
construction wood N (0.14)
plywood N (0.12)
fuel N (0.00)
pulp Y (0.00)
quality class: A N (0.15)
quality class: B N (0.15)
quality class: C N (0.14)
quality class: D Y (0.12)
Sample RFID 2960

50. D7.04 Conclusions
• SLOPE system & visual system generally in good agreement
• While in visual system often single parameters determine quality, the SLOPE system is able
to provide multiple decisive indices
• SLOPE system quality quantification is well-defined & objective– avoids subjective bias
• SLOPE system provides additional/complementary information
• Cutting force
• Stress wave/time of flight
• Delimbing
• NIR & HSI image
• Higher number of processed logs will lead to better correlations between sensor data
and material properties
• SLOPE system can be enriched/enhanced by more categories of resource uses, once
the relations are established
• Good calibration & definition of threshold values decisive for quality rating
• SLOPE system is able to improve the resource use along the production chain by
improved description of material properties
Additional characteristics on mechanical properties
Complementary/additional to visual judgement of stain/rot/knots/
sapwood-heartwood diameter (heartwood more valuable)
Complementary to visual judgement of knots (position/ amount/ diameter)
Final Review
Meeting 01 FEB 17

51. Contact info
Martin Kühmaier: martin.kuehmaier@boku.ac.at
Gianni Picchi: picchi@ivalsa.cnr.it
Umberto di Staso: umberto.di.staso@graphitech.it
Gerhard Pichler: gerhard.pichler@boku.ac.at
Thank you for your attention!!
Final Review
Meeting 01 FEB 17

52. Final Review
1/Feb/2017
Project SLOPE - WP7 – Task 7.4
T.7.4 – Training on the job
Brussels, 01 February 2017

53. Task 7.4
• Involved Partners
 Leader: CNR
 Participants: GRAPHITECH, COAST, COMBOLAB, MHG, BOKU,
GRE, TRE, ITENE
 Aim: Transfer of knowledge, skills and competencies to
stakeholders and field workers
• Outputs: Deliverables D7.06 and D 7.07
Final Review
Meeting 01 FEB 17

54. Task 7.4
Transference of skills to operators, experts and researchers
OFF and ON the job training
Final Review
Meeting 01 FEB 17

55. Task 7.4
Two way training
Expert professionals
SLOPE partners
Final Review
Meeting 01 FEB 17

56. Task 7.4
• Instructions and guidelines in Deliverables:
 D 2.01, D 2.02, D 2.03 Data collection and analysis.
 D 6.03 Field application and viewer
 D 3.01 e-marking
Final Review
Meeting 01 FEB 17

57. Task 7.4
• Main focus on prototypes:
 Cable yarder
 Rope launcher
 Chockers
 Processor head
Final Review
Meeting 01 FEB 17

58. Task 7.4
Final Review
Meeting 01 FEB 17

59. Open Discussion
Final Review
Meeting 1 Feb 17

60. Task 7.4
Final Review
1/Feb/2017
THANKS