Prof. Dr. Harendra Raj Gautam - Principal Scientist, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, spoke at the STARS Forum 7th Annual National Conference. He covered the topic of entrepreneurship opportunities offered by the use of bio-resources in farming. These resources are widely available in India and the technology to process them is also available. Their use will help reduce the input costs of farmers, thereby increasing their incomes.
Establishing An Enterprise and Project Management.pptx
Use of local bio-resources in farming to enhance income - Prof. Dr. H. R. Gautam
1. USE OF LOCAL BIO-RESOURCES IN FARMING FOR
ENHANCING THE FAMILY INCOME
Dr Harender Raj Gautam
Principal Scientist
Department of Plant Pathology, Dr.Y.S.Parmar University of
Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan-173230, Himachal
Pradesh
2. Bio-resources in Disease
Management
Why Bio-resources
- Part of the eco-system
- Climate resilient
- Sustainable
- Energy efficient
- Non-toxic to the non-target micro-organisms and other
living organisms
- No problem of toxic residues in the crop harvest
- Bio-reources based bio-pesticides often decompose quickly,
thereby no pollution problems.
- Bio-pesticides as a component of Integrated Pest Management
(IPM) can greatly decrease the use of conventional pesticides.
- Essential for practicing organic farming
- Eco-friendly
3. BIO-RESOURCES TO BIO-PESTICIDES
• Living organisms i.e. micro-organisms
• Naturally occurring substances which include plant extracts and
semiochemicals e.g. insect pheromones
• Genetically modified plants that express introduced genes that
confer protection against pests or diseases.
• In the European Union, a bio-pesticide has been defined as "a
form of pesticide based on micro-organisms or natural products".
• Bio-pesticides are pesticides derived from natural materials such
as animals, plants, bacteria, and minerals- USEPA. Bio-pesticides
also include living organisms that destroy agricultural pests.
• The EPA separates bio-pesticides into three major classes based
on the type of active ingredient used, namely, biochemical, plant-
incorporated protectants, and microbial pesticides.
4. • Overall market for chemical pesticides in India is
showing a decline and consumption has been reduced
from 75, 000 tones to 43, 860 tones in last 20 years.
• Use of bio-pesticides in the country has increased
from 123 metric tonnes in 1994-95 to 8110 metric
tonnes in 2011-12 and at least 410 bio-pesticide
production units had been established in India.
• In China, new developed and registered bio-
pesticides are increasing at a rate of 4% each year
and the market share of bio-pesticides will rise to
30%.
5. Botanical as Potential Alternative
• Plants used in pest control from ancient times- Atharveda,
Rigveda and Vraksayurveda had mention
• Neem (Azadirachta indica) most promising
• Other promising- Ocimum sanctum, Allium cepa, A. sativum,
Datura stramonium, Aegle marmelos, Lawsonia inermis,
Tagetes erecta, Eucalyptus globus, Vinca rosa, Nerium
odorum etc.
• Plant products oil cakes of neem, mahua, mustard,
Pongamia glabra
• Oils of neem, mahua, E. globus, O. canum are used
17. POTENIAL OF NEEM
• 18 million trees of neem in India, produces 4,14,000 MT
seed, 85,000 MT oil and 3,30,000 MT oilcakes
• Reported to control 200 spp. of insect pests and nematodes
• Effective against more than 50 diseases
• Pesticidal properties are due to 20 complex compounds
including azadirachtin, solanin, meliantrol, nimbdin,
nimbin etc.
• All plant parts had pesticidal properties
• Trade of neem pesticides is more than 100 crores
21. • The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) has 31 bio-control production
facilities while DBT supports another 22.
• The state departments of agriculture and horticulture in the states of Tamil Nadu,
Kerala, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Gujarat have established
biocontrol laboratories. States like Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh already have
200 laboratories producing bio-pesticides.
• In Tamil Nadu, adoption of biocontrol agents (e.g. Trichogramma, neem),
conventional pesticide use has fallen by 50 percent on average. Incomes of the
farmers have increased by Rs 1 000-1 250/ha, and rice yields have increased by 250
kg/ha.
• Extensive efforts have been made at G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and
Technology, Pantnagar; IARI, New Delhi and Tamil Nadu Agricultural University,
Coimbatore to develop biopesticides for management of pests and diseases.
• There are around 38 such SBCLs across the country, which are engaged in
production and distribution of natural predators and parasites to farmers.
• The National Farmer Policy 2007 has strongly recommended the promotion of bio-
pesticides for increasing agricultural production, sustaining the health of farmers
and environment.
22. • In India by 2013, there were approximately 400 registered bio-pesticide
active ingredients and over 1250 actively registered bio-pesticide
products.
• There are at least 32 commercial companies active in bio-pesticide
production, with an additional 32 IPM centres under the Ministry of
Agriculture also producing selected bio-control agents.
• Project Directorate of Biological Control at Bangalore now known as
National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects (NBAII) was
established.
• Department of Biotechnology (DBT), New Delhi, Government of India
established the National Bio-control Network Programme (NBNP) in
1989 to study the management of key insect pests, diseases and weed of
economically important crops viz. cotton, sugarcane, oilseeds, pulses,
vegetables and fruit crops. Since 1989, over 200 projects have been
funded. The DBT has dedicated a website for Bio-control strategies for
eco-friendly pest management (www.dbtbiopesticides.nic.in).
23. OPPORTUNITIES
• The global market for biopesticides was valued at US $1.3 billion in 2011, and it is
expected to reach US $3.2 billion by 2017.
• Increasing demand for residue-free crop produce is one of the key drivers of the
biopesticide market.
• Growing organic food market and easier registration than chemical pesticides are
other important driving factors for the growing biopesticide market.
• The area under organic cultivation (crops) in India is estimated to be around 1,00,000
hectare.
• Besides, there are lakhs of hectare of forest area being certified as organic.
• Further, some states like Uttaranchal and Sikkim have declared their states as
organic.
• Area under organic crop cultivation may rise because of the growing demand of
organic food, a result of increasing health consciousness among the people.
• India offers plenty of scope in terms of sources for natural biological control
organisms as well as natural plant based pesticides due to its rich biodiversity .
• The rich traditional knowledge base available with the highly diverse indigenous
communities in India may provide valuable clues for developing newer and effective
biopesticide.
• Increasing emphasis on organic farming and on residue free commodities would
certainly warrant increased adoption of biopesticides by the farmers.