what is dental material its importance and preventions.

1. Dental Materials
Group#
Aysha Kishwer, Sehar
Aslam, Javeria Naz,
Shahrbano

2. What is Dental Material?
 Human body is prone to damage due to either disease or
accidents.
 Likewise the structures in the oral cavity are lost or
damaged due to disease such as caries and periodontal
disease and trauma.
 The main goal in dentistry is to maintain or improve the
quality of life through replacement or alteration of tooth
structure.

3.  Therefore the main challenge for centuries has
been to develop and select ideal dental materials
that can withstand the adverse conditions of the
oral environment.

4. Ideal Restorative Material
An ideal restorative material should:
 Be biocompatible
 Should bond permanently to tooth structure or bone
 Should match the natural appearance of tooth structure and other visible
tissues
 Exhibit properties similar to those of tooth tissues (enamel and dentine)
 Be capable of initiating tissue repair or regeneration of missing or damaged
tissues

5. Cont’d
Four groups of materials:
 Metals
 Ceramics
 Polymers
 Composites

6. Classification:
 Preventive dental materials
 Restorative dental materials
 Auxiliary dental materials

7. Preventive Dental Materials
 Pit and Fissure Sealants
 Sealing agents that prevent leakage
 Materials used primarily for their antibacterial effects.
 Liners, bases, cements and restorative materials that are used
primarily because they release fluoride.
 Chlorhexidine or other therapeutic agents used to prevent or inhibit
the progression of tooth decay.

8. Restorative Dental Materials
 Synthetic components that can be used to repair
or replace tooth structure, including primers,
bonding agents, liners, cement bases, amalgams,
resin-based composites, compomers, hybrid
ionomers, cast metals, metal-ceramics, ceramics,
and denture polymers.

9. Restorative Dental Materials
Direct restorative materials
 Used intraorally to fabricate restoration or prosthetic
devices directly on the teeth
Indirect restorative materials
 Made extraorally in which the materials are formed
indirectly on the teeth or tissues
 Temporary restorative materials

10. Auxiliary Dental Materials
 Substances used in the process of fabricating dental
prostheses and appliances but do not become part
of these devices.
 Acid – etch solutions, impression materials, casting
investments, gypsum cast, and model materials,
dental waxes, acrylic resins for impression,
bleaching trays, mouthguards, and occlusion aids,
finishing and polishing abrasives.

11. Types of restorations
 Silver Amalgam

12. Resin Composite

13. Inlays and Onlays (Gold)

14. Crowns (Ceramic, Gold, Ceramic fused
to metal)

15. Bridges

16. Full Denture & Partial Denture

17. Matels
 At the atomic level , the atoms are bonded together by
metalic bond
• metalic luster.
-excellent electrical and thermal conductivity.
-ability to be shaped (malleability).
-strength, hardness, and high density.
-Opaque

18. Types of metals in dentisry:
– Noble (gold, pt, Pd, …..
– Seminoble ( old term).gold is replaced with silver
– Non-noble.
 Preformed metals
– Cohesive gold
– Amalgam
– Wrought reformed metals:

19. Metals used in dentisry:

20. Polymers:
 They are bonded by covalent bonding along the
backbone, and ionic bonding .
 Polymers are prepared in form of dough then
shaped into desired shapes.
 They harden by:
-physical reaction,(cooling, or evapration).
Waxes,
-chemical reaction,

21. Types of polymers:
 Types
– Impression.
– Waxes.
– Denture bases.
– TCRM

22. Ceramics:
 They are made of metallic oxides.
 Porcelain. Produced by sintering
 Glass, produced by melting and fusion of the
oxides

23. Types of ceramics:
– Porcelain
– Gypsum
– Investment
– Cements