Use of Mobile Devices in Public Access to ICTs: Preliminary results from a study in Latin America

Use of Mobile Devices in Public
Access to ICTs:
Sara Vannini
Visiting Scholar
TASCHA – Technology and Social Change Group
Preliminary results from a study in
Latin America

Università della Svizzera italiana – USI
Lugano, Switzerland

Social Representations of
Community Multimedia Centers in Mozambique

1995-2005
Telecenters and Public Access Venues (PAVs)
as “archetypical” ICT4D initiative:
bridge the digital divide
spread the socio-economic benefits of ICTs
[Heeks, 2008]

sustainability,
high risks of failures
Huge investments,
still considerable attention
[Bailey, 2009; Bailur, 2006; Best & Kumar, 2008; Kleine, 2013;
Kuriyan & Toyama, 2007; Rega, 2010]
PAVs

[Gómez, 2013; Sey et. al., 2013; Vannini, 2014]
PAVs
sustainability,
high risks of failures
huge investments,
still considerable attention

mobiles
fast-growing adoption curve

mobiles
…is it still worth investing on PAVs?
[Chigona, Lekwane, Westcott, & Chigona, 2011]

mobiles
Have not replaced Public Access to ICTs
[Bar et al., 2013; Gómez, 2013; Sey et al., 2013]

RQs
Next StepsPreliminary ResultsInstrumentsResearch Questions
Services Offered
Perception of PAVs’ operators

Online Questionnaire
to PAVs’ staff members
in Latin America

2. How do PAVs’ operators
conceptualize “mobile
technologies”, “PAVs” and
“Development”?
1. Are PAVs including mobile
technologies to offer their
services?
3. In which areas do
operators see a greater role
for mobile technologies?

1. Are PAVs including mobile
technologies to offer their
services?
3. In which areas do
operators see a greater role
for mobile technologies?
Literature, experts,
pre-study

Social Representations
Theory
Diffusion of Innovation
Theory
2. How do PAVs’ operators
conceptualize “mobile
technologies”, “PAVs” and
“Development”?

Social
Representations
[Moscovici, 1961]

Social
Representations
systems of values, ideas and practices,
that are shared among a given social group
[Moscovici, 1961]

Social
Representations
understanding & communicating
[Moscovici, 1961]

EGO ALTER
OBJECT
[Moscovici, 2000]

[Bauer & Gaskell, 1999; Markovà, 2003; Mauri, 2007]
Emergence
Transformation
Stability

[Abric, 1994]
Structural Approach
Central level P1 P2 P3

Diffusion of
Innovation
[Rogers, 1962]

Diffusion of
Innovation
[Rogers, 1962]
Relative Advantage, Compatibility, Ease of Use,
Observability, Triability

Preliminary Results

10,9%
29,6%
54,7%
Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia
Ecuador El Salvador Peru
Respondents: 247

Respondents: 247
1 choice allowed
Annex to other
institution
9,4%
Library
7,8%
School
5,3%
Stand-Alone
77,6%
Kind of Venue
Annex to other institution Library School Stand-Alone

Social Representations

cell phone
connectivity
mobility
smartphone
accessibility
access
application
advancement
comfort
computer
communication
knowledge
development
entertainment
easy
information
innovation
internet
mobile
portable
speed
social networks
tablet
technology
time
wi-fi
agility
android
portability
practicity
telephone
learning
chat
connection
any
data
digital
availability
fun
education
effectiveness
facebook
ease-of-use
future
immediate
interaction
iphone
notebook
opportunity
rapid
Web, security
absence
Job, velocity
video,
whatsapp
Mobile

accessibility
access
application
advancement
comfort
computer
communication
knowledge
development
entertainment
easy
information
innovation
internet
mobile
portable
speed
social networks
tablet
technology
time
wi-fi
agility
android
portability
practicity
telephone
learning
chat
connection
any
data
digital
availability
fun
education
effectiveness
facebook
ease-of-use
future
immediate
interaction
iphone
notebook
opportunity
rapid
Web, security
absence
Job, velocity
video,
whatsapp
cell phone
smartphone
computer
internet
mobile
tablet
technology
wi-fi
Mobile
cell phone
connectivity
mobility
smartphone

accessibility
access
application
advancement
comfort
computer
communication
knowledge
development
entertainment
easy
information
innovation
internet
mobile
portable
speed
social networks
tablet
technology
time
wi-fi
agility
android
portability
practicity
telephone
learning
chat
connection
any
data
digital
availability
fun
education
effectiveness
facebook
ease-of-use
future
immediate
interaction
iphone
notebook
opportunity
rapid
Web, security
absence
Job, velocity
video,
whatsapp
cell phone
smartphone
computer
internet
mobile
tablet
technology
wi-fi
Mobile
cell phone
connectivity
mobility
smartphone
Physical object

accessibility
access
application
advancement
comfort
computer
communication
knowledge
development
entertainment
easy
information
innovation
internet
mobile
portable
speed
social networks
tablet
technology
time
wi-fi
agility
android
portability
practicity
telephone
learning
chat
connection
any
data
digital
availability
fun
education
effectiveness
facebook
ease-of-use
future
immediate
interaction
iphone
notebook
opportunity
rapid
Web, security
absence
Job, velocity
video,
whatsapp
cell phone
connectivity
mobility
smartphone
Mobile
mobility
comfort
easy
portable
speed
time

accessibility
access
application
advancement
comfort
computer
communication
knowledge
development
entertainment
easy
information
innovation
internet
mobile
portable
speed
social networks
tablet
technology
time
wi-fi
agility
android
portability
practicity
telephone
learning
chat
connection
any
data
digital
availability
fun
education
effectiveness
facebook
ease-of-use
future
immediate
interaction
iphone
notebook
opportunity
rapid
Web, security
absence
Job, velocity
video,
whatsapp
cell phone
connectivity
mobility
smartphone
Mobile
mobility
comfort
easy
portable
speed
time Convenience

accessibility
access
application
advancement
comfort
computer
communication
knowledge
development
entertainment
easy
information
innovation
internet
mobile
portable
speed
social networks
tablet
technology
time
wi-fi
agility
android
portability
practicity
telephone
learning
chat
connection
any
data
digital
availability
fun
education
effectiveness
facebook
ease-of-use
future
immediate
interaction
iphone
notebook
opportunity
rapid
Web, security
absence
Job, velocity
video,
whatsapp
cell phone
connectivity
mobility
smartphone
Mobile
connectivity
accessibility
access
knowledge
information

accessibility
access
application
advancement
comfort
computer
communication
knowledge
development
entertainment
easy
information
innovation
internet
mobile
portable
speed
social networks
tablet
technology
time
wi-fi
agility
android
portability
practicity
telephone
learning
chat
connection
any
data
digital
availability
fun
education
effectiveness
facebook
ease-of-use
future
immediate
interaction
iphone
notebook
opportunity
rapid
Web, security
absence
Job, velocity
video,
whatsapp
cell phone
connectivity
mobility
smartphone
Mobile
connectivity
accessibility
access
knowledge
information
Access

accessibility
access
application
advancement
comfort
computer
communication
knowledge
development
entertainment
easy
information
innovation
internet
mobile
portable
speed
social networks
tablet
technology
time
wi-fi
agility
android
portability
practicity
telephone
learning
chat
connection
any
data
digital
availability
fun
education
effectiveness
facebook
ease-of-use
future
immediate
interaction
iphone
notebook
opportunity
rapid
Web, security
absence
Job, velocity
video,
whatsapp
cell phone
connectivity
mobility
smartphone
Mobile communication
entertainment
social networks

accessibility
access
application
advancement
comfort
computer
communication
knowledge
development
entertainment
easy
information
innovation
internet
mobile
portable
speed
social networks
tablet
technology
time
wi-fi
agility
android
portability
practicity
telephone
learning
chat
connection
any
data
digital
availability
fun
education
effectiveness
facebook
ease-of-use
future
immediate
interaction
iphone
notebook
opportunity
rapid
Web, security
absence
Job, velocity
video,
whatsapp
cell phone
connectivity
mobility
smartphone
Mobile communication
entertainment
social networks
Sociality and Fun

accessibility
access
application
advancement
comfort
computer
communication
knowledge
development
entertainment
easy
information
innovation
internet
mobile
portable
speed
social networks
tablet
technology
time
wi-fi
agility
android
portability
practicity
telephone
learning
chat
connection
any
data
digital
availability
fun
education
effectiveness
facebook
ease-of-use
future
immediate
interaction
iphone
notebook
opportunity
rapid
Web, security
absence
Job, velocity
video,
whatsapp
cell phone
connectivity
mobility
smartphone
Mobile
innovation
advancement
development

accessibility
access
application
advancement
comfort
computer
communication
knowledge
development
entertainment
easy
information
innovation
internet
mobile
portable
speed
social networks
tablet
technology
time
wi-fi
agility
android
portability
practicity
telephone
learning
chat
connection
any
data
digital
availability
fun
education
effectiveness
facebook
ease-of-use
future
immediate
interaction
iphone
notebook
opportunity
rapid
Web, security
absence
Job, velocity
video,
whatsapp
cell phone
connectivity
mobility
smartphone
Mobile
innovation
advancement
development
Innovation

training
cyber
free (gratis)
inclusion
internet
telecenter
vive-digital
coffee-shop
equality
line
point
learning
help/aid
library
center
mall
school
computer
communication
community
connectivity
connection
knowledge
development
digital
education
ease
gratuity
information
opportunity
parks
digital-divide
home
cybercafe
comfort
sharing
query
culture
availability
encounter
entertainment
school
study
training
government
integration
venue
mobile
surfing
park
progress
public
web
social-networks
security
technology
university
wi-fi
accessibility
access
service
social
ICTs
job
formalities
zone
PAV

training
cyber
free (gratis)
inclusion
internet
telecenter
vive-digital
coffee-shop
equality
line
point
learning
help/aid
library
center
mall
school
computer
communication
community
connectivity
connection
knowledge
development
digital
education
ease
gratuity
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parks
digital-divide
home
cybercafe
comfort
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query
culture
availability
encounter
entertainment
school
study
training
government
integration
venue
mobile
surfing
park
progress
public
web
social-networks
security
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university
wi-fi
accessibility
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service
social
ICTs
job
formalities
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PAV
cyber
telecenter
vive-
digital
library
center
mall
school
parksuniversity

training
cyber
free (gratis)
inclusion
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help/aid
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computer
communication
community
connectivity
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knowledge
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digital
education
ease
gratuity
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opportunity
parks
digital-divide
home
cybercafe
comfort
sharing
query
culture
availability
encounter
entertainment
school
study
training
government
integration
venue
mobile
surfing
park
progress
public
web
social-networks
security
technology
university
wi-fi
accessibility
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service
social
ICTs
job
formalities
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PAV
cyber
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library
center
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parksuniversity Physical place

training
cyber
free (gratis)
inclusion
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ease
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digital-divide
home
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query
culture
availability
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school
study
training
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integration
venue
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surfing
park
progress
public
web
social-networks
security
technology
university
wi-fi
accessibility
access
service
social
ICTs
job
formalities
zone
PAV
internet
connectivity
accessibility
access
connection
knowledge
information
wi-fi

training
cyber
free (gratis)
inclusion
internet
telecenter
vive-digital
coffee-shop
equality
line
point
learning
help/aid
library
center
mall
school
computer
communication
community
connectivity
connection
knowledge
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education
ease
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digital-divide
home
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query
culture
availability
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school
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surfing
park
progress
public
web
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security
technology
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access
service
social
ICTs
job
formalities
zone
PAV
internet
connectivity
accessibility
access
connection
knowledge
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wi-fi Access

training
cyber
free (gratis)
inclusion
internet
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training
learning
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training
cyber
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internet
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progress
public
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training
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school
computer
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ease
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ease

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ICTs
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PAV communication
community
ease
Socialization

money
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learning
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lack
globalization
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strenghtening
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Development
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social
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money
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learning
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globalization
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strenghtening
future
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Development
equality
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social
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globalization
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capacity
knowledge
digital
economic
equity
study
evolution
training
strenghtening
future
government
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investment
working
more
major
less
level
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poverty
project
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quality
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growth
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technology
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training
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access
advancement
well-being
quality
quality-of-life
training
community
growth
culture
development
economy
education
stability
inclusion
incomes
better
improvement
opportunity
prosperity
health
social
society
resources
responsibility
living-place
overcoming
technology
work
life
Development
training
culture
education
Education

money
job
entrepreneurship
equality
progress
learning
economic
enterprise
lack
globalization
planning
politics
wealth
sustainability
telework
help/aid
capacity
knowledge
digital
economic
equity
study
evolution
training
strenghtening
future
government
information
innovation
investment
working
more
major
less
level
offer
participation
poverty
project
access
advancement
well-being
quality
quality-of-life
training
community
growth
culture
development
economy
education
stability
inclusion
incomes
better
improvement
opportunity
prosperity
health
social
society
resources
responsibility
living-place
overcoming
technology
work
life
Development
technology
access

money
job
entrepreneurship
equality
progress
learning
economic
enterprise
lack
globalization
planning
politics
wealth
sustainability
telework
help/aid
capacity
knowledge
digital
economic
equity
study
evolution
training
strenghtening
future
government
information
innovation
investment
working
more
major
less
level
offer
participation
poverty
project
access
advancement
well-being
quality
quality-of-life
training
community
growth
culture
development
economy
education
stability
inclusion
incomes
better
improvement
opportunity
prosperity
health
social
society
resources
responsibility
living-place
overcoming
technology
work
life
Development
technology
access
ICTs

Education
training
culture
education
training
learning
education

Education
training
culture
education
training
learning
education
learning
education

ease
Community
inclusion
free
help/aid
development
gratuity
opportunity
communication
entertainment
social networks
equality
well-being
quality of life
community
stability
inclusion
opportunity
overcoming
social
society
healthmmunication
community

ease
Community
inclusion
free
help/aid
development
gratuity
opportunity
communication
entertainment
social networks
equality
well-being
quality of life
community
stability
inclusion
opportunity
overcoming
social
society
healthmmunication
community
facebook
chat
video
whatsapp
fun
interaction

Mobile Services in PAVs

2,4
0,8
1,6
2,8
5,3
6,9
30,1
43,9
3,3
2,8
3,7
9,8
6,1
11,8
32,5
24,0
2,0
6,5
4,9
14,6
21,1
19,1
12,2
10,6
0,0 10,0 20,0 30,0 40,0 50,0 60,0 70,0 80,0 90,0
Finance
None of these
Political Participation
Public Administration
Environment
Agriculture
Emergencies
News
Health
Culture
Entertainment
Job Market
Communication
Education
In which of the following action areas do you see mobile
devices to have the most
potential to support the goals of your venue?
1st 2nd 3rd Respondents: 247

n.a.
1%
No
58%
Yes
41%
Does your venue use mobile technologies to
provide some of its services?
n.a. No Yes

6,8%
6,8%
8,7%
28,2%
31,1%
34,0%
38,8%
63,1%
72,8%
72,8%
0,0% 10,0% 20,0% 30,0% 40,0% 50,0% 60,0% 70,0% 80,0%
Phones for calls
Phones for texting
Offers Smartphones
Printing from phones
Reserve computers via sms
Platforms to distribute sms
Offers Tablets
Transfer files from phones
Has Wi-Fi
Mobile Classes
Mobile Services offered
Respondents: 103
Y/N answers

36,9%
38,8%
40,8%
55,3%
55,3%
59,2%
60,2%
69,9%
77,7%
79,6%
83,5%
92,2%
8,7%
9,7%
10,7%
19,4%
10,7%
20,4%
14,6%
21,4%
26,2%
24,3%
28,2%
33,0%
0,0% 10,0% 20,0% 30,0% 40,0% 50,0% 60,0% 70,0% 80,0% 90,0% 100,0%
Agriculture and Fishing
Finance
Health
Emergencies
Public administration and community…
Political participation
Environment
Culture
News
Employment and career
Educational services
Entertainment
Areas you actively cover through your services
How many mobile for the service on the total How many have the service on the total
Respondents: 103

Diffusion of Innovations

Respondents: 247
10,0%
6,6%
2,3%
4,1%
11,9%
23,0%
14,3%
10,5%
9,7%
17,2%
31,9%
27,2%
22,1%
17,8%
33,6%
21,2%
34,7%
36,6%
41,3%
25,2%
13,9%
16,5%
28,0%
27,0%
12,5%
0,0% 20,0% 40,0% 60,0% 80,0% 100,0% 120,0%
Relative Advantage
Compatibility
Ease of Use
Observability
Triability
Perceived Advantages of mobile use for PAV services
Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree

Thank You!
Sara Vannini
vanninis@uw.edu
vanninis@usi.ch
www.saravannini.com

Use of Mobile Devices in Public Access to ICTs: Preliminary results from a study in Latin America

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