IFS and its scopes and models and success stories

1. welcome
Master Seminar Series 2015-16

2. Master Seminar on
Integrated Farming System
ASPEE Agribusiness Management Institute
Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari
Guided by:
Dr. Mehul G. Thakkar
Associate Professor
AABMI, NAU, Navsari
Presented By:
S.Sabarinathan
2070515027
2nd Sem. MBA (ABM),
AABMI, NAU, Navsari

3. Challenge Current status
Rate of changes
(per year)
Population
World 7.2 billion + 1.3%
India 1.2 billion + 1.95%
Food insecure population 194 million 1.0%
Soil degradation 120.40mha 5-10 Mha
Desertification 105.19 mha 6 Mha
Irrigated area per person 0.245 ha -1.3%
Grain harvested area per person 0.22 ha -0.55%
Forested area per capita 0.59 ha -0.78%
Atmospheric concentration of GHGs
CO2 370 ppm +0.5%
CH4 1.74 ppm +0.75%
N2O 311 ppb +0.25%
Challenges
3

4. Crops/item Requirement
(gm/capita/day)
Requirement in million tons
2000 2010 2020
Cereals and millets 420 198.70 234.40 280.99
Pulses and legumes 70 18.92 22.61 26.76
Fats and oils 22 10.41 12.44 14.72
Vegetables 125 91.66 109.52 129.62
Roots and tubers 75 35.48 42.39 50.18
Fruits 50 36.66 43.81 51.85
Milk 250 70.96 84.79 100.35
Sugar 30 14.19 16.36 20.07
Egg 45 21.29 25.44 30.11
Fish 25 11.83 14.13 16.73
Requirement by 2020 to meet the balanced diet as per norms
prescribed by ICMR
Source :http://www.icmr.nic.in/)
4

5. What is the solution?
Problems of present agriculture
 Decline in agriculture growth rate
 Decline in factor productivity
 Static or decline in food production
 Increasing malnutrition
 Shrinkage in net cultivable area
 Increasing environmental pollution
 Depleting ground water table
 Increasing cost of production
 Low farm income
 Problems of Farm labours due to large scale migration
“Integrated Farming System”
Source: http://planningcommission.nic.in/plans/planrel/fiveyr/1st/1planch18.html
5

6.  Introduction
 Farming system-components
 IFS definition
 Why IFS
 Objectives
 Scope of IFS
 IFS determinants
 Integrated farming systems components
 Types of integrated farming system
 IFS proposed models of ICAR institutes
 Success stories
 SWOT analysis of small land holding farmers in India
 Advantages of IFS
 Limitations of IFS
 Conclusion
 References
Flow of seminar
6

7. Introduction
In recent years, food security, livelihood security, water security as
well as natural resources conservation and environment protection have
emerged as major issues worldwide. Developing countries are struggling to
deal with these issues and also have to contend with the dual burden of
climate change and globalization.
It has been accepted by everyone across the globe that sustainable
development is the only way to promote rational utilization of resources and
environmental protection without hampering economic growth. Developing
countries around the world are promoting sustainable development through
sustainable agricultural practices which will help them in addressing socio
economic as well as environmental issues simultaneously.
Source :http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/agriculture/agri_majorareas_ifs_anintroduction.html
7

8. Within the broad concept of sustainable agriculture “Integrated Farming
Systems” hold special position as in this system nothing is wasted, the by-product
of one system becomes the input for other. It is an integrated approach to farming
as compared to existing monoculture approaches.
It refers to agricultural systems that integrate livestock and crop
production. Moreover, the system help poor small farmers, who have very small
land holding for crop production and a few heads of livestock to diversify farm
production, increase cash income, improve quality and quantity of food produced
and exploitation of unutilized resources.
Source :http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/agriculture/agri_majorareas_ifs_anintroduction.html
8

9. Farming system
It is a complex inter-related matrix of soil, plants, animals, implements,
power, labour, capital, and other inputs controlled in parts by farming families
and influenced to varying degrees by political, economic, institutional and social
forces that operate at many levels ( Mahapatra et al, 1992).
Features of diversified farming in sustainable agriculture
Maintain vegetative cover
Provide regular supply of organic matter
Enhance nutrient recycling mechanism
Pest control through enhanced bio-control activity
Source : http://www.agriinfo.in/?page=topic&superid=1&topicid=643
9

10. Water
Soil
Labour
Livestock
Crops
Farming System-Components
FARM Family
Source :http://www.agriinfo.in/?page=topic&superid=1&topicid=682
10

11. Integrated Farming (IF)
is a whole farm management system
which aims to deliver more sustainable
agriculture.
It refers to agricultural systems that
integrate livestock and crop production.
Integrated farming systems has revolutionized conventional farming
of livestock, aquaculture, horticulture, agro-industry and allied
activities. It is sometimes called as Integrated Biosystems or
Integrated Agriculture.
…
…
11
Source :Manjunatha (2014)

12.  Acc. to Paul Harris, “It is a system which comprises of inter-related set of
enterprises with crop activity as base, will provide ways to recycle produces and
“waste” from one component becomes an input for another part of the system,
which reduces cost and improves soil health and production and/or income.”
12

13. Concept
 An arrangement of recycling products/by-products of one
component as input to another linked component
 Reduction in cost of production
 Increase in productivity per unit area
Increase in total income of farm
 Effective utilization of family labours around the year
Source :http://www.rroij.com/open-access/integrated-farming-system--an-holistic-approach-a-review.pdf
13

14. Why IFS is needed?
 For reducing the risks due to biotic and abiotic stresses
 High input costs
 For meeting the rising need of food, feed, fibre, fuel and fertilizer
 Nutritional requirement of family
 Increased demand of soil nutrients
 For increasing the income
 Employment
 Standard of living
 Sustainability
14
Source :http://www.rroij.com/open-access/integrated-farming-system--an-holistic-approach-a-review.pdf

15. Holding size (ha) and number of farm families in India (as per
2010-11 Agricultural census)
 85% of total holdings are under small and marginal farmer having the
operational area of 44%
 Marginal farmers have no marketable surplus due to their holding
and family size
Source : http://agcensus.dacnet.nic.in/NL/nationalt1sizetable4.aspx
15

16. Objectives
 To integrate different production systems like dairy, poultry, livestock,
fishery, horticulture, sericulture, apiculture, etc. with agricultural crops
production as the base.
 To increase farm resource use efficiency (land, labour and production/by-
products) so as to increase farm income and gainful employment
opportunity.
 To promote multi-cropping (out of the total cropped areas of 2,65,816 ha
only 46,697 ha (18%) is sown more than once), for multi-layered crops of
economic value so as to sustain land productivity.
 To maintain environmental quality and ecological stability.
16Source :http://www.rroij.com/open-access/integrated-farming-system--an-holistic-approach-a-review.pdf

17. Integrated Farming enterprises include crop, livestock, poultry,
fish, tree crops, plantation crops, etc.
A combination of one or more enterprises with cropping, when
carefully chosen, planned and executed, gives greater dividends than a
single enterprise, especially for small and marginal farmers.
1. Soil and climatic features of the selected area.
2. Availability of resources, land, labour and capital.
3. Present level of utilization of resources.
Scope of Integrated farming systems
17

18. Goals of Integrated Farming Systems
 Maximization of yield of all component enterprises to provide
steady and stable income.
 Rejuvenation of system's productivity and achieve agro-
ecological equilibrium.
 Avoid build-up of insect-pests, diseases and weed population
through natural cropping system management and keep them at low
level of intensity.
 Reducing the use of chemicals (fertilizers and pesticides) to provide
chemical free healthy produce and environment to the society.
18

19. Ideal situations for introduction of IFS
 The farmer wishes to improve the soil quality
 The farm household is struggling to buy food or below the poverty
line
 Water is stored on-farm in ponds or river-charged overflow areas
 Soil salinity has increased as a result of inorganic fertilizer use
 The farmer is seeking to maximize profits on existing holding
 The farm is being eroded by wind or water
 The farmer is looking to reduce chemical control methods
 The farmer wants to reduce pollution or waste disposal costs
Source :http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0261219406002651
19

20. Elements Of Integrated Farming System
 Watershed
 Farm ponds
 Bio-pesticides
 Bio-fertilizers
 Bio-gas
 Solar energy
 Vermicompost making
 Green manuring
 Rain water harvesting
Source :http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0261219406002651
20

21. IFS
Determinants
Physical
Economic
Social
Environment
21
Objective

22. Factors determining type of farming
 Physical factor (Climate, soil, topography)
 Economic factor
 Marketing cost
 Labour availability
 Capital
 Land value
 Consumer demand
 Prevalent pest and diseases
 Social factor (type of community, easy transport, marketing
facilities)
 Objective (income, production, minimizing cost etc.)
 Environment (availability of resources and components )
Source :Manjunatha (2014)
22

23. Factor deciding nature and size of
enterprises
 Farm size
 Marketing facilities
 Climate
 Technologies available
 Soil type and condition
 Income level
 Credit facility
 Skill/Knowledge
23
Source :Manjunatha (2014)

24. Integrated Farming System
 Crop husbandry
 Livestock production
 Poultry
 Duckery
 Horticulture
 Aquaculture
 Apiculture
 Sericulture
 Mushroom cultivation
 Agro-forestry
 Biogas plants
Source : http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/agriculture/agri_majorareas_ifs_componentsl.html
24

25. Integrated-farming systems for different
agroeco-system
 Irrigated low and uplands
 Rainfed and dryland areas
 Hill regions
25
Source :Manjunatha (2014)

26. Enterprises linked in different agro-
ecosystem
Dry land Garden land Wet land
 Dairy  Dairy  Dairy
 Poultry  Poultry  Poultry
 Goat /Sheep  Mushroom  Mushroom
 Agro forestry  Apiary  Apiary
 Farm pond  Piggery  Fishery
 Sericulture  Duckery
26

27. Source :http://www.tnau.ac.in/scms/agr/res.html 27

28. Source :http://www.tnau.ac.in/scms/agr/res.html
28

29. Source :http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/agriculture/agri_majorareas_ifs_ressourceflow_wetland
29

30. Source : http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/agriculture/agri_majorareas_ifs_ressourceflow_gardenland
30

31. Source :http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/agriculture/agri_majorareas_ifs_ressourceflow_rainfed
31

32. Types of Integrated farming systems
 Crop-live stock farming system
 Crop-live stock -fishery farming system
 Crop-live stock -poultry - fishery farming system
 Crop-poultry-fishery - mushroom farming system
 Crop-fishery-duckery farming system
 Crop- livestock-fishery-vermicomposting farming system
 Crop-live stock-forestry farming system
 Agri-silvi-apiary system
 Agri-horti-silvi-pastoral system
Source http://www.fao.org/docrep/004/ac155e/AC155E05.htm
32

33. Crop-live stock –fishery farming system
33

34. Crop-live stock – poultry - fishery farming system
34

35. Crop- livestock-fishery-vermicomposting farming
system
35

36. Bamboo + toria + apiculture
Agri-silvi-apiary system
36

37. Integrated Farming Systems Research Network
Indian Institute of Farming Systems
Research was established by ICAR, at
Modipuram, Meerut (Uttar Pradesh).
Earlier, in 1968-69 it was named as
Project Directorate for cropping System
Research and the project was operating as
All India Coordinated Agronomic Research Project (AICARP).
During the year 2009-10 the PDCSR was re-named as Project
Directorate for Farming Systems Research (PDFSR).
Source: http://pdfsr.ernet.in/at-a-glance/about-institute
37

38. Integrated Farming Systems Research Network
AICRP-IFS :74
Main Centres:31
Sub Centres :11
On-farm :32
Source :http://pdfsr.ernet.in/AICRP/annual.html (AICRP annual report on IFS -2013-2014) 38

39. Way Forward
Vision
Management of natural
resources for holistic improvement
of small and marginal farmers through Integrated Farming Systems.
Mission
Improve food, nutrition, livelihood and financial security of small
and marginal households through Integrated Farming Systems (to make
marginal and small households as bountiful).
Source :http://pdfsr.ernet.in/AICRP/aicrp_cs_objective.html Vision 2050
39
Indian Institute of Farming Systems Research (IIFSR)

40. Source :http://agriodisha.nic.in/pdf/Integrated%20Farming%20System.pdf
Sl.no Components Total cost in
Rs.(approximate)
Financial
assistance from
state plan Rs.
Farmers
contribution (Rs.)
1 Pisciculture in the Pond 15,000 10,000 5000
2 Duckery 5000 4000 1000
3 Poultry colour birds and desi birds
with living space
3000 3000 0
4 Cost of cross breed 32,000 28,000 4000
5 Apiculture 7000 7000 0
6 Vermicompost 10000 6000 4000
7 Land development work 30,000 10,000 20,000
8 Boundary plantation 10,000 4000 6000
9 Fruit plants on farm pond bund and
other areas
3000 3000 0
10 Vegetable cultivation 15,000 10,000 5000
11 Rice cultivation 5000 2000 3000
12 Maize cultivation 4000 2000 2000
13 Pulses and oil seeds 13,000 7000 6000
14 Green fodder culture 6000 4000 2000
Total 1,58,000 1,00,000 58,000
Approximate cost structure and financial assistance by Government from state plan for development of IFS
40

41. State-wise Area Approved for Integrated Farming System (IFS) Activities and Amount
Released for Rainfed Area Development (RAD) Component of National Mission for
Sustainable Agriculture in India (2014-15 to 2015-16 upto 07.12.2015)
States Total area approved for IFS
activities (Hectare)
2014-2015
(Rs in lakhs)
2015-16 upto 07.12.2015
(Rs in lakhs)
Andhra Pradesh 4150.00 1300.00 700.00
Bihar 1434.00 500.00 250.00
Chattisgarh 5105.90 1143.86 550.00
Gujarat 10,590.00 2250.00 500.00
Karnataka 7963.00 1500.00 500.00
Kerala 2965.00 500.00 150.00
Maharashtra 9345.00 4000.00 1500.00
Mizoram 862.00 488.00 150.00
Rajasthan 10,757.00 2500.00 150.00
Sikkim 927.00 460.00 78.92
Tamil Nadu 34,470.00 3000.00 1250.00
Telangana 4230.00 1000.00 500.00
Uttar Pradesh 7820 2000.00 900.00
West Bengal 1893.00 500.00 225.00
Source:www.indiastat.com 41

42. IFS PROPOSED
MODELS OF ICAR
INSTITUTES
42

43. Crop-livestock – poultry - fishery
farming system
Source :http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/agriculture/integrating-poultry-fish-and-rice-to-triple-income/article5265328.ece
43

44. Source : icarmizoram.nic.in
Model developed at ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region,Mizoram Centre
Crop-fishery-livestock farming system
Crop
 Upland paddy
 Maize
Horticulture
 Leechi
 Guava
 Papaya
Livestock
 Dairy cattle
 Pig
 Chicken
 Duck
 Rabbit
Fish
 Rohu
 Catla
 mrigal
44

45. Source : http:// icarmizoram.nic.in
Dairy-agri-horti-silvi-pastoral Farming System
Model developed at ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region,Mizoram Centre
Livestock
 Dairy cattle
Agri
 Maize, soyabean
 Horti
 Banana
Silvi
 Teak
Pastoral
 Congo signal
 Setaria guinea grass
45

46. Farming system Component productivity (Kg/ha) Rice-grain
equivalent yield
(Kg/ha)
Crop Poultry Mushroom
Rice – fallow (Existing
system)
4,311 - - 4,311
Rice-Groundnut +
Mushroom+ poultry
6,557 6,060 4,305 16,922
Rice-Cowpea+
Mushroom+ poultry
7,662 6,060 4,305 18,027
Rice-Brinjal+ Mushroom+
poultry
11,122 6,060 4,305 21,487
Rice-Sunn hemp+
Mushroom+ poultry
4,993 6,060 4,305 15,358
(Manjunath & Itnal, 2003)
Productivity of Rice-based IFS
Experiment conducted at the ICAR Res. Complex, Goa
Source :http://icargoa.res.in/ifs0613.html
46

47. Farming system RGEY
(kg/ha)
Cost of
production
(Rs/ha)
Gross
return
(Rs/ha)
Net
return
(Rs/ha)
Per day
Return
(Rs/ha)
Cropping alone 12,222 24,922 61,112 36,190 167
Crop +fish + poultry 31,858 44,627 159,292 1,14,665 436
Crop + fish + pigeon 32,554 43,310 161,772 1,18,462 443
Crop + fish + goat 39,610 51,483 1,78,047 1,12,564 493
Productivity and economic analysis of
different integrated farming systems
Experiment conducted at TNAU,Coimbatore.
47
Source: (Saravanan et al., 2015)

48. Farming system Crop Poultry Pigeon Fish Goat Total system
employment
generation
Cropping alone 369 - - - - 369
Crop +fish + poultry 420 61 - 34 - 515
Crop + fish + pigeon 420 - 61 34 - 515
Crop + fish + goat 420 - - 34 122 576
Employment generation (man-days)
Source: (Saravanan et al., 2015)
48
Experiment conducted at TNAU,Coimbatore.

49. On-Farm IFS, Kendrapara district, Odisha under AICRP
Source :http://pdfsr.ernet.in/AICRP/annual.html (AICRP annual report on IFS -2013-2014)
Fram Holding size
0.70 ha
49
48,196
92,480
8700

50. On-farm Integrated Farming Systems: Case Study
AICRP-IFS: On-farm (PDFSR)
Kawardha district, Chattisgarh
Source :http://pdfsr.ernet.in/AICRP/annual.html (AICRP annual report on IFS -2013-2014) 50
68,842
1,04,510

51. Source :http://pdfsr.ernet.in/AICRP/annual.html (AICRP annual report on IFS -2013-2014)
Increase in net returns of various farming systems due to
on-farm interventions in farming systems approach
51

52. SWOT analysis of small land holding farmers
in India
Source :http://hau.ernet.in/research/pdf/lravisankar.
Strength
1. Sufficient Manpower
2. Hardworking nature
3. Mostly fulltime farming
Weakness
1. Fragmented Holdings
2. Poverty ,Low literacy
3. Low risk bearing ability
Threats
1. Weather related adversities
2. Technology failure would
affect economy
Opportunities
1.Loans with low interest
2.Subsidies for livestock addition
3.Presence of more than one
enterprise
52

53.  Productivity gains : 2-3 times
 Gain in net returns : 3 to 5 times
 Resource saving : 40 to 50%
 Average regular net daily income : Rs 800/household of 1ha
 Additional Employment generation : 70 to 80%
 Lower emissions of GHG : 50%
 House hold nutritional security :100%
 Gender empowerment
Expected Output
Source :http://pdfsr.ernet.in/AICRP/aicrp_cs_objective.html Vision 2050
53

54. Source :http://pdfsr.ernet.in/AICRP/aicrp_cs_objective.html Vision 2050
54

55. Advantages of Integrated Farming Systems
 Regular income and year round employment
 Provides food and nutritional security
 Eco- recycling of agriculture residues/by-products/wastes
 Better soil quality for sustainable agriculture
 Minimization in pollution hazards
 Improves micro climate
 Conservation of natural resources
 Minimizes the risk of failure in productivity
55
Source :http://www.rroij.com/open-access/integrated-farming-system--an-holistic-approach-a-review.pdf

56. Limitations of IFS
Lack of awareness about sustainable farming systems
Unavailability of varied farming system models
Lack of credit facilities at easy and reasonable interest rate
Non-availability of ensured marketing facilities specially for perishable
commodities
Lack of deep freezing and storage facilities
Lack of timely availability of inputs
Lack of knowledge/education among farming community specially of rural youth
56
Source :http://www.rroij.com/open-access/integrated-farming-system--an-holistic-approach-a-review.pdf

57. The further thrust of IFS
 There is a need to create the database on farming system in relation to type of farming
system, infrastructure, economics, sustainability, etc. under different farming situation.
 Need to develop research modules of farming system under different holding size with
economically viable and socially acceptable systems.
 The assessment and refinement of the technologies developed at research station at
cultivators' field.
 Need to prepare a contingent planning to counteract the weather / climate threats under
different farming situation.
57
Source :http://www.rroij.com/open-access/integrated-farming-system--an-holistic-approach-a-review.pdf

58. Conclusion
58
 Sustainable development is the only way to promote rational utilization of
resources and environmental protection without hampering economic growth and
Integrated Farming Systems hold special position as in this system nothing is wasted,
the by-product of one system becomes the input for other. India has a considerable
livestock, poultry population and crop wastes. IFS is a promising approach for
increasing over all productivity and profitability through recycling the farm by-
products and efficient utilization of available resources. About 95% of nutritional
requirement of the system is self sustained through resource recycling. As the number
of enterprises are increased, the profit margin also increases. It could further generate
employment opportunities to the farming communities round the year and provide a
better economic and nutritional security. This can go long way uplift rural life through
increased income .

59. Further, it is evident that profit margin varied with the ecosystem
(rainfed/irrigated), management skill and socio-economic conditions. The farmers
having sufficient land and other farm resources can prefer for integration of
horticultural crops viz; fruits, vegetables and floriculture as an additional enterprise
along with prevailing ones. Whereas, marginal farmers or land less farmers living
nearby fruit orchards can integrate apiary and mushroom in to their existing farming
systems. Farmers having sufficient irrigation water or living in low lying riverbed
areas can choose fishery as an additional enterprise. Similarly, farmers living in
vicinity of the towns and cities can grow vegetables and green fodders as per market
demand and availability.
59

60. Small is beautiful,
can be bountiful
• Requires attention in integrated manner.
• Integrated Farming system approach is a powerful tool for
improving livelihood security of small farm holders.
60

61. References:
61
 Desai, B. K., Rao, S. and Chittapur, B. M. (2014). A Strategy for Sustainable Farm
Production and Livelihood Security . Udaipur : AGROTECH PUBLISHING ACADEMY
 Mahapatra et al, (1992). Integrated Farming System For Sustainable Agriculture. New
Delhi :Publications
 Manjunatha (2014). Integrated Farming System - An Holistic Approach. J. Agric and Allied
Sci. 3(4)
 Panda, S.C. (2010).Crop Management and Integrated Farming. Jodhpur : AGROBIOS
(INDIA)
 Saravanan et al, (2015). A Review On Integrated Farming Systems. Journal of
International Academic Research for Multidisciplinary 3(7):319-328
 Sarkar, A. K., Singh, R. S., Yadav, M. S. and Singh, C. S. (2011). Integrated Farming
Systems For Sustainable Production. Udaipur : AGROTECH PUBLISHING ACADEMY

61

62. Webportals:
 http://planningcommission.nic.in/plans/planrel/fiveyr/1st/1planch18.html accessed on 24th April,
2016
 http://www.agriinfo.in/?page=topic&superid=1&topicid=643 accessed on 1st May ,2016
 http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/ accessed on 18th April ,2016
 http://agcensus.dacnet.nic.in/NL/nationalt1sizetable4.aspx accessed on 24th April ,2016
 http://pdfsr.ernet.in accessed on 26th April, 2016
 http://www.indiastat.com accessed on 211th April ,2016
 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0261219406002651.pdf accessed on 28th April,
2016
 http://agriodisha.nic.in/pdf/Integrated%20Farming%20System.pdf accessed on 1st May ,2016
 http://pdfsr.ernet.in/AICRP/aicrp_cs_objective.html Vision 2050 accessed on 30th April ,2016
 http://www.icmr.nic.in/) accessed on 1st May ,2016
References:
62

63. 63
“Farming looks mighty easy when your
plow is a pencil, and you’re a thousand
miles from the corn field”
-President Dwight D. EIsenhower