Unit 04

1. COURSE CODE:: MP101
Course ::Management theory
and Practice
Unit -4::DIRECTING, MOTIVATING AND SUPERVISING

2. OBJECTIVES
 Discuss the concept of directing
 Explain the concept of motivation
 Learn the definition of leadership
 Detail upon the types of leaders
 Discuss the meaning of supervision
 Outline the importance of supervision

3. INTRODUCTION
Human resource is one of the most important assets of any organization. It acts as a means
of ensuring sustained growth of an organization. Therefore, an organization should strive to
motivate employees from to time to time to improve their performance, which, in turn,
increase their efficiency.
Direction is a crucial aspect of management which is directly concerned with influencing,
guiding, supervising, and motivating employees for the successful accomplishment of
organizational goals and objectives. In other words, direction can be defined as a process in
which the managers of an organization instruct and monitor the performance of employees to
achieve the desired goals. It is a constant process that initiates at the top level and moves to
bottom level through organizational hierarchy. The directing function of an organization
enables employees to understand their roles and responsibilities and perform accordingly.
Moreover, it helps an organization to get the maximum output of employees by identifying
their skills and capabilities.
Directing also helps an organization to maintain consistent performance of an organization
and its employees. The effectiveness of the directing function depends on the efficiency of
managers. Therefore, the managers should guide and oversee the efforts of his/her
subordinates, motivate them to accomplish organizational goals, and influence their behavior
to work enthusiastically. This can be possible if there is a proper communication between the
managers and subordinates.

4. CONCEPT OF DIRECTING
 Directing is the ability of a manger to induce
subordinates to work with confidence and zeal.--
Koontz O’Donnell
 Directing concerns the total manner in which a
manager influences the actions of subordinates. It is
the final action of a manager in getting others to act
after all the preparations have been completed.--
Joseph Masie

5. Benefits
of
Directin
g
Initiating
Actions
Integrating
Efforts
Motivating
Employees
Providing
Stability
Dealing
with
Changes
Making
Optimum
Utilization
of
Resources
IMPORTANCE OF DIRECTING

6. CONCEPT OF MOTIVATION
 Motivation in organizational settings refers to the willingness of an
individual to react to organizational requirements in the short run.
The greater the magnitude of positive motivation of an individual
towards the organization, the more is the likelihood that he will
perform effectively in his position, even if it causes some amount of
personal deprivation. --Hodge and Johnson
 Motivation is the complex of forces starting and keeping a person at
work in organization. --Dubin

7. PROCESS OF MOTIVATION

8. MOTIVATIONAL TECHNIQUES

9. CONCEPT OF LEADERSHIP
 The quality of behavior of the individual whereby
they guide people on their activities in organized
effort.--Chester Bernard
 Leadership is the lifting of people’s vision to a
higher sight, the raising of their performance to
a higher standard, the building of their
personality beyond its normal limitation.--Peter F
Drucker

10. TYPES OF LEADERS

11. FUNCTIONS OF A LEADER
 Delegating some part of authority to subordinates
 Planning and organizing the tasks of organizations
 Guiding, teaching, and inspiring the subordinates
 Motivating the subordinates to improve the level of performance
 Influencing the subordinates through rewards and punishments
 Creating good climate to achieve maximum employee efficiency
 Promoting and protecting the creativity and innovativeness
 Developing and maintaining the skills of subordinates
 Interacting with subordinates and solving their problems
 Building and sustaining the effective organizational culture
 Understanding the expectations and aspirations of subordinates
 Managing the organizational resources

12. CONCEPT OF SUPERVISION
 Supervision is the achieving of desired results
by means of intelligent utilization of human
talents and facilitating resources in a manner
that provides the greatest challenge and interest
to the human talent.-- Terry
 Supervision refers to the direct immediate
guidance and control of subordinates in the
performance of their task.-- Vitelest

13. Supervisi
on
Commandin
g
GuidingControlling
ELEMENTS OF SUPERVISION

14. FUNCTIONS OF A SUPERVISOR
 Explaining the instructions issued to subordinates
 Ensuring that subordinates have understood these instructions and
would follow them
 Providing required amenities to subordinates to carry out their works
 Watching and guiding the activities of subordinates while they
perform their tasks
 Expanding the scope of employees by making them aware about
their day to day work
 Coordinating the work of different subordinates under him/her
 Detecting errors and lapses and taking corrective actions
 Motivating employees by giving them monetary or non-monetary
rewards

15. SUMMARY
 The directing function of management involves influencing
individuals to achieve desired results.
 Directing is concerned with influencing, guiding, supervising, and
motivating employees to perform efficiently.
 Motivation encourages people to put their best efforts to achieve
organizational goals.
 In an organization, leadership is the process of influencing
employees to accomplish organizational objectives.
 Supervision involves overseeing the work of subordinates by their
superiors to ensure that they are working in accordance with the
plans.
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