2. History
• Schepens (1969): Retinal drawing
• “A simple scheme for documenting corneal
disease”
Bron AJ. Br J Ophthalmol 1973, 57:629
• Systematic method of drawing corneal pathology
Waring GO 3rd, Laibson PR. Arch Ophthalmol 1977,95:1540
3. Why draw?
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Standardization of documentation
Easy follow-up
Teaching
Cheaper
• color pencils: erasable
Red,Blue,Green,Yellow,Black,Brown
∀ ↑ Observation power & S/L skills
• Drawing v/s photo: cost, area of interest
4. How to draw? Color codes
BLACK
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Scar
Degeneration / deposits / guttatae
Sutures
CL (broken line) i.e contact lens
FB i.e foreign body
Tissue adhesive
Corneal nerves / Vogt’s striae
IOL– show only in corneal slit
5. How to draw? Color codes
BLUE
• Epithelial edema
• Epithelial bullae
• Stromal edema
• DM(descemet membrane) folds
6. How to draw? Color codes
YELLOW
• Infiltrate
• Hypopyon
• KPs
• Lens (cataract)
7. How to draw? Color codes
GREEN
• Epithelial defect
• Fluorescein stain
• SPKs
• Filaments
• Vitreous
8. How to draw? Color codes
RED
• Blood vessels
Superficial
Deep
Ghost
• Hyphema
• Filaments
• Rose bengal
9. How to draw? Color codes
BROWN
• Pigments
(Iron lines, epi. melanosis, Kruckenberg’sspindle )
• Iris
• Pupil
• PAS i.e peripheral anterior synaechia
12. How to draw?
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Add vessels, pigments, folds etc.
Fine details: Go quadrant wise
Sutures
BCL, tissue adhesive
Draw separately lens & AV (If needed)
No details other then on the cornea:
NO hypopyon/hyphema, AC exudates, FB in AC
13. How to draw?
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Depict the site of slit on the frontal view
Dotted posterior line: post surface not visible
Stromal thickness: bow behind
Area of thinning: mention %
Descemetocele
AC depth and lesions in AC
Lens, vitreous, IOL
14. How to draw?
• Last to be done
• SPKs: “Remember, numbers are imp.”
• “Separate diagram if needed”
15. How to draw?
• Slit lamp:
• Slit height
• Graticule
• Coaxial illumination, narrow slit
• “Mention shape of lesion”
• Mention landmark of measurement
• Ulcer: max. diameter, mark it with arrows
