This document discusses risk reduction and management in the Philippines. It provides background information on the country's geography, climate, and topography. It then describes how the Philippines is prone to various natural disasters like typhoons, earthquakes, volcanoes, droughts, and how these disasters impact the country. It outlines the Philippine disaster management system established by laws and policies. It discusses the National Disaster Coordinating Council and its organizational structure and functions relating to mitigation, preparedness, response and rehabilitation. Finally, it mentions some principles and trends in disaster risk reduction and management.

1. RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT
Ms. Rosamie P. Cabural

2. Official name: Republic of the Philippines ( in Filipino, Republika ng Pilipinas)
Capital: Manila
Area: 300, 000 sq km
116, 000 sq mi
Population: 97.6 million as of January 2012
Official languages: Filipino (based on Tagalog), English
Coastlines: 36, 000 kilometers, the longest coastlines in the world.
Bounded by three large bodies of water:
On the west and north > South China Sea (West Philippine Sea)
On the east > Pacific Ocean
On the south > Celebes Sea and the Coastal waters of Borneo
The Philippines is an archipelagic nation located in Southeast Asia, comprising 7, 107
islands, spanning 1, 840 kms. from north to south.

3. TOPOGRAPHY
Large mountainous terrain, narrow coastal
plains and interior valleys and plains make
up the country’s topography.
Three major island groups: Luzon, Visayas
and Mindanao

4. Luzon
Largest island group with 141, 000 sq. kms.
the most mountainous with extensive valleys and plains
running through its interiors
Three major mountain ranges in the area: the Sierra Madre,
the Central Cordillera and the Caraballo Mountains
The southern portion of the island has a dominantly
volcanic topography with ridges and valleys of gentle slope
and generally accordant drainage
Active volcanoes such as Mt Pinatubo, Mayon Volcano and
Mt Bulusan are found in this group of islands

5. Visayas
third largest island with 57,000 sq. kms.
located in the central Philippines, has a severe
dissection of topography due
to its exposure to typhoons from Pacific and
torrential rains
characterized by mountains and hills (where
peaks reach 900m), river
basins, floodplains, plateaus and valleys

6. Mindanao
second largest island with 102,000 sq. kms.
has diverse structural elements and different forms
of physiographic development including fault block
mountains, volcanic peaks, uplifted plateaus, low flat
basins, a notable fault zone which also cuts through
Luzon and Visayas, fissure low masses, and incised
valleys and canyons.
Major mountain ranges: the Eastern or Pacific
Cordillera, the Bukidnon- Davao Range.

7. Climate
The Philippines has a tropical climate
Tag-init or Tag-araw (the hot season or summer from March to May),
Tag-ulan (the rainy season from June to November), and
Taglamig (the cold season from December to February)
Mean annual temperature is 26.6ºC
28.3ºC during summer months
25.5ºC during rainy months
Rainfall is the most important climatic element in the Philippines.
Rainfall distribution throughout the country varies from one region to
another, depending upon the direction of the moisture-bearing winds
and the location of the mountain systems.
Mean annual rainfall varies from 965 to 4,064 millimeters annually

8. The Philippines as a
Disaster-Prone
Country

9.  The Philippine Islands are part of the so-called Ring of Fire, an
area encircling the Pacific Ocean where earthquakes and
volcanic activity result from the movements of tectonic
plates, or segments of Earth’s crust.
 Surrounded by two major plates: Eurasian and Pacific
300 volcanoes, 22 as active
average of 20 quakes per day
 average of 20 typhoons a year, five (5) of these are
destructive
 36, 289 kms of coastline vulnerable to tsunami
 From 1970-2006, annual average direct damage to disasters
ranged from PHP 5 Billion to PHP 15 Billion, indirect and
secondary affect further increase this cost.
 Cost of direct damage is equivalent to more than 0.5 % of the
national GDP
 Annual average casualties due to natural disasters – 972

10. Five (5) Common
Disasters in the
Philippines

11. Typhoon
• strong winds and heavy rains
• Flooding
• Landslides
• Thunderstorms
• Electrocution due to damaged power lines
and cables
• Storm surges
• Health problems

12. • Ground shaking
• Ground rupturing
• Tsunami
• Liquefaction
• Landslides

13. Fire
• Burns
• Choking
• Explosion

14. Volcanic eruption
• Ash flow
• Ash fall
• Landslide
• Volcanic tsunami
• Lava flow
• Mud flow

15. Drought
• Food scarcity
• Increased crime rates
• Malnutrition
• Health problems

16. OVERVIEW OF
PHILIPPINE DISASTER
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

17. PD 1566 (June 11, 1978)
Strengthening the Philippine
Disaster Control Capability and
Establishing the National
Program on Community
Disaster Preparedness

18. Sec. 1. Declaration of Policies
• Responsibility for leadership rests on the provincial governor, city
mayors, and municipal mayors, (and barangay chairman), each according to
his area of responsibility.
• The primary responsibility rests on the government agencies in the affected
areas in coordination with the people themselves.
• Self-reliance shall developed by promoting and encouraging the spirit of
self-help and mutual assistance among the local officials and their
constituents.
• The national government exists to support the local governments in times
of emergencies and according to their level of assignment; all national
government offices in the field shall support the operations of the local
government.
• It is responsibility of all government departments, bureaus, agencies and
instrumentalities to have documented plans of their emergency functions
and activities.

19. Republic Act No. 10121
An act strengthening the Philippine
disaster risk reduction and management
system, providing for the national
disaster risk reduction and management
framework and institutionalizing the
national disaster risk reduction and
management plan, appropriating funds
therefore and for other purposes.

20. DCC ORGANIZATIONAL CHART

21. ORGANIZATION OF THE DCC

22. National Disaster Coordinating Council
DND – Chairman
Members:
Interior and Local Government Public Works and Highways
Health Social Welfare
Agriculture Education
Finance Labor and Employment
Trade and Industry Transportation and Communication
Science and Technology Budget
Justice Environment and Natural Resources
Philippine Information Agency Sec. Gen., Philippine National Red Cross
Chief Staff, Armed Forces of the Philippines

23. Department of Science and Technology (DOST)
Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA)
Department of Tourism (DOT)
Director-General, National Economic and
Development Administration (NEDA)
Office of the Press Secretary
Presidential Management Staff

24. NDCC's Comprehensive Emergency
Management Framework
• Mitigation
• Preparedness
• Response
• Rehabilitation

25. DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
AND MANAGEMENT
PRINCIPLES AND TRENDS

26. Principles
• Disaster management is the responsibility of all
spheres of government.
• Disaster management should use resources that
exist for a day-to-day purpose.
• Organizations should function as an extension of
their core business.
• Individuals are responsible for their own safety.
• Disaster management planning should focus on
large-scale events.

27. • Disaster management planning should recognize
the difference between incidents and disasters.
• Disaster management operational arrangements
are additional to and do not replace incident
management operational arrangements.
• Disaster management planning must take account
of the type of physical environment and the
structure of the population.
• Disaster management arrangements must recognize
the involvement and potential role of non-
government agencies.

28. Trends
• The Overall Number of People Affected by Disasters
Is Rising
• The Number of People Killed in Disasters Worldwide
is falling
• Overall, Disasters Are Becoming More Costly
• Poor Countries Are Disproportionately Affected by
Disaster Consequences
• The Number of Disasters Is Increasing Each Year

29. REFERENCES:
A. Book
Viray, Firma C. et al.2011.National Service Training Program II. Malabon City: Mutya Publishing House, Inc.
B. Websites
• http://www.clarksubicmarketing.com/special_events/disaster_preparedness_seminar_philippines.html
• http://www.concernusa.org/media/pdf/2007/10/Concern_ApproachestoDRR%20paper%20-%20final.pdf
• http://www.preventionweb.net/english/countries/statistics/risk.php?iso=PHL
• http://www.adrc.asia/aboutus/vrdata/countryreport/josefina2009_cr.pdf
• http://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2008/ra_9512_2008.html
• http://www.prudentpressagency.com/modules/news/article.php?storyid=990
• http://www.fao.org/wairdocs/ad695e/ad695e02.htm
• http://housewares.about.com/od/homeessentials/qt/emerghswr_RO.htm
• http://www.preventionweb.net/files/9265_philippines.pdf
• http://www.eastwestcenter.org/events-pr-detail.asp?press_ID=508
• http://www.redcross.org.ph/sas
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