Noise pollution is caused by various sources like industries, transportation, social events, and construction activities. It can negatively impact human health by causing hearing loss, cardiovascular issues, and sleep disorders. It also disturbs wildlife. The Indian constitution obligates the government to protect the environment. Laws like the Air and Environment Protection Acts define noise as a type of air pollution. The Supreme Court has upheld reasonable restrictions on noise to prevent nuisance. Controlling noise pollution requires enforcement of strict regulations as well as public awareness campaigns about its health impacts.

2. Pollution is the introduction of
contaminants into the natural
environment that cause adverse
change . Pollution can take the
form of chemical substances or
energy, such as noise, heat or
light .

4. Noise pollution or noise
disturbance is the
disturbing or excessive
noise that may harm the
activity or balance of
human or animal life.

6. Industrialization:
Most of the industries use big
machines which are capable of
producing large amount of
noise. Apart from that, various
equipments like compressors,
generators, exhaust fans,
grinding mills also participate
in producing big noise.
Therefore, the workers in these
factories and industries
wearing ear plugs to minimize
the effect of noise.

7. In most of the developing countries, poor urban planning
also play a vital role. Congested houses, large families
sharing small space, fight over parking, frequent fights over
basic amenities leads to noise pollution which may disrupt
the environment of society.

8. Social Events: Noise is at its peak in most
of the social events.
Whether it is marriage,
parties, pub, disc or place
of worship, people normally
flout rules set by the local
administration and create
nuisance in the area.
People play songs on full
volume and dance till
midnight which makes the
condition of people living
nearby pretty worse. In
markets, you can see
people selling clothes via
making loud noise to attract
the attention of people.

9. Transportation:
Large number of vehicles on roads, aeroplanes flying over
houses, underground trains produce heavy noise and
people get it difficult to get accustomed to that. The
high noise leads to a situation wherein a normal person
lose the ability to hear properly.

10. Construction Activities:
Under construction
activities like mining,
construction of bridges,
dams, buildings, stations,
roads, flyovers take place
in almost every part of the
world. These construction
activities take place
everyday as we need more
buildings, bridges to
accommodate more
people and to reduce
traffic congestion. The
down point is that these
construction equipments
are too noisy.

11. Household Chores:
We people are surrounded by gadgets and use them
extensively in our daily life. Gadgets like TV, mobile ,
mixer grinder, pressure cooker, vacuum cleaners ,
washing machine and dryer, cooler, air conditioners
are minor contributors to the amount of noise that is
produced but it affects the quality of life of your
neighborhood in a bad way.

13. Hearing Problems:
Any unwanted sound that our
ears have not been built to filter
can cause problems within the
body. Our ears can take in a
certain range of sounds without
getting damaged. Man made
noises such as jackhammers,
horns, machinery, airplanes and
even vehicles can be too loud
for our hearing range. Constant
exposure to loud levels of noise
can easily result in the damage
of our ear drums and loss of
hearing. It also reduces our
sensitivity to sounds that our
ears pick up unconsciously to
regulate our body’s rhythm.

14. Health Issues:
Excessive noise pollution in
working areas such as
offices, construction sites,
bars and even in our homes
can influence psychological
health. Studies show that
the occurrence of
aggressive behavior,
disturbance of sleep,
constant stress, fatigue and
hypertension can be linked
to excessive noise levels.
These in turn can cause
more severe and chronic
health issues later in life.

15. Sleeping Disorders:
Loud noise can certainly hamper your sleeping pattern
and may lead to irritation and uncomfortable
situations. Without a good night sleep, it may lead to.
problems related
to fatigue and
your performance
may go down in
office as well as
at home. It is
therefore
recommended to
take a sound
sleep to give your
body proper rest

16. Cardiovascular Issues:
Blood pressure levels, cardio-vascular disease and stress
related heart problems are on the rise. Studies suggest
that high intensity noise causes high blood pressure and
increases heart beat rate as it disrupts the normal blood
flow. Bringing them to a manageable level depends on our
understanding noise pollution and how we tackle it.

17. Trouble Communicating:
High decibel noise can
put trouble and may not
allow two people to
communicate freely.
This may lead to
misunderstanding and
you may get difficult
understanding the
other person. Constant
sharp noise can give you
severe headache and
disturb your emotional
balance.

18. Effect on Wildlife: Wildlife faces far more
problems than humans
because noise pollution
since they are more
dependent on sound.
Animals develop a
better sense of hearing
than us since their
survival depends on it.
The ill effects of
excessive noise begin at
home. Pets react more
aggressively in
households where there
is constant noise.

20. • To prevent and control noise pollution it is necessary to create public
awareness. Only law is not sufficient. People must be made aware of the
harmful consequences of noise pollution.
• People should be made aware that excessive noise beyond certain limits
may cause deafness.
• They should know that injuries caused by sound pollution are often
irreversible.
• There should be minimum use of sound producing instruments. There
should be proper regulations for the use of loudspeakers and other
devices that produce noise beyond that are beyond the toleration limits
of human-beings.
• The Pollution Control Board and the High Court have already taken
effective measures to bring sound pollution under control. Adequate
measures should be taken to ensure that noise related restrictions are
not violated.
• Anti-pollution laws should be enacted and enforced.
• Ban of fire crackers should be imposed and electric horns should be
replaced by bulb horns.
• The use of microphones should be controlled and regulated.

22. The Indian Constitution of 1950 did not have any provisions
directly dealing with environmental pollution. But the 42nd
Amendment of Constitution passed in 1996 inserted article
48-A and Article 51-A to protect and improve the
environment.
Thus, India became one of the few countries of the world
which enshrined in its Constitution, a commitment to
environmental protection and improvement. It has interjected
a new dimension to public responsibility by obligating the
Central Government to protect and improve the environment
for the good of society as a whole. So the Constitution makes
a dual provision by way of directives to the state for the
protection and improvement of the environment and imposing a
duty on every citizen to help in the preservation of the natural

23. In State of Rajasthan v. G Chawla, a unique question came
up before the Supreme Court whether the State
Legislation has right to prevent and control noise pollution
and make it punishable? Do such restrictions or State
enactments amount to violation of the freedom of speech
for prevention and control of noises? The Supreme Court
was of the opinion that this freedom is not absolute. It is
subjected to the restrictions under Article 19(2). This
clause (2) of Article 19 provides certain reasonable
restrictions which can be in the freedom of speech and
expression. Thus, if any law, pre-constitutional or post-
constitutional, imposes reasonable restrictions in the
interest of public order, it is constitutional .

24. The court made it clear that persons are free to make
noise but not to transgress the right of others to live
peacefully. As soon as noise become a nuisance, interferes
in the use or enjoyment of property or annoys others, the
laws imposing restriction will come into operation and the
constitutional freedom activity. Such activity is also
violative of the constitutional duty imposed on every
citizen of India under Article 51-A to protect and improve
the natural environment.

25. Section 133, Code of Criminal Procedure the magistrate court have
been empowered to issue remove or abate nuisance caused by noise
pollution u/s 133 empowers and executive magistrate to interfere and
remove a public nuances in the first instance with a conditional order
and then with a permanent one the provision can be utilized in case of
nuance of environment nature. In Law of Torts noise pollution is
considered as a civil wrong. Under Law of Torts a civil suit can be filed
claiming damages for the nuisance. For filing a suit under Law of Torts a
plaintiff is required to comply with some if the requirement of torts of
nuisances which are interference should be with the use and
enjoyment of land. , there should be reasonable interference.

26. Section-2 (A) of the Air (prevention and control of
pollution) Act, 1981 includes noise in the definition of “Air
Pollution” – This section states Air pollution means any
solid, liquid or gaseous substance including noise present in
the atmosphere. Such concentration as may be or tend to
injuries to human being or other living creatures or plants
or property or environment.
Section-2 (C) of the Environment Protection Act, 1986
defines environmental pollution to mean the presence in
the environment of any environmental pollutant.
In a landmark judgement given by apex court in Mulan
Mufti Syud and others V. State of West Bengal AIR 1999,
The court held imposition of restriction on the use of
microphone and loudspeaker by the state govt. between 9
pm to 7 am which inter alia include restriction of azan on
microphone in early hours, before 7 am is not violative of
Article 25 of Constitution of India guarantying of freedom
of religion.

27. • Have a rigid rules and regulations regarding prevention and
control of noise pollution.
• need for creating general awareness towards the hazardous
effects of noise pollution. Particularly, in our country the
people generally lack consciousness of the bad effects
which noise pollution creates.
• Holding of special talks and lectures can be organized in the
schools to highlight the menace of noise pollution and the
role of the children in preventing it.
• Every person have a duty to check and prevent pollution.
• The power of Supreme Court must be widened with respect
to environment pollution so that court could apply their mind
beyond the doors and windows of the court in order to
enforce the environmental matters.