1. GROUND RULES:
Be attentive please
Switch off your cell phones & shut down laptops
Do not talk please
Do not leave the room during presentation
Question answer will be treated at the end of
presentation
1/27/2017STRESS 1
3. STRESS & ITS EFFECTS
Presented By:
N/C Maham Aziz
N/C Sana Sultan
Bsc Generic 3rd year
6th semester session jan 2014
Faculty:
Maj. Farhat Jabeen
1/27/2017STRESS 3
4. OBJECTIVES
At the end of the presentation the learner will be able
to:
Define stress
Describe path flow of stress
Enlist types of stress
Enable to differentiate between positive and negative
stress
Describe sign & symptoms of stress
Discuss causes of stress
Demonstrate factors influencing stress intolerance
1/27/2017STRESS 4
5. OBJECTIVES CONT…
Describe stress management
Enlist coping strategies of stress
Enlist defense mechanisms in stress
Define self control
Define self motivation
Enable to describe self control through self motivation
Describe benefits of stress management
Demonstrate stress management in nursing
1/27/2017STRESS 5
6. INTRODUCTION:
Pressure turns into stress when you feel unable to
cope. People have different ways of reacting to
stress, so a situation that feels stressful to one
person may in fact be motivating to another .Stress
can affect how you feel, how you think, how you
behave and how your body works. Sleeping
problems, sweating, loss of appetite and difficulty
concentrating are common signs of stress.
1/27/2017STRESS 6
7. DEFINITION:
Stress is a state of strain , whether it is physical or
psychological.
(Atkison , Berne & Woodworth)
(OR)
A conscious or unconscious psychological feeling or
physical situation which comes as a result of physical or
mental 'positive or negative pressure' to overwhelm
adaptive capacities.
(From: Wikipedia)
1/27/2017STRESS 7
8. PATH FLOW OF STRESS
1/27/2017STRESS 8
Stress perceived by hypothalamus
Release CRF
(Corticotrophin releasing factor)
Pituitary gland
Release ACTH
(Adrenocorticotrophic
hormone)
Adrenal Cortex
Release cortico steroid
Stress effect on body
9. TYPES OF STRESS:
A. Acute stress
B. Episodic acute stress
C. Chronic stress
1/27/2017STRESS 9
10. TYPES OF STRESS CONT…
Acute stress:
It’s our body's immediate reaction to a new
challenge, event, or demand, and it triggers your fight-
or-flight responses.
Example:
pressures of a near-miss automobile accident or
arguments with family
1/27/2017STRESS 10
11. TYPES OF STRESS CONT…
Episodic acute stress:
When acute stress happens frequently, it’s called
episodic acute stress.
Chronic stress:
If acute stress isn't resolved and begins to increase or
lasts for long periods of time, it becomes chronic stress.
This stress is constant and doesn’t go away.
1/27/2017STRESS 11
12. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN POSITIVE &
NEGATINE STRESS
Positive stress Negative stress
Motivates & focuses energy Cause anxiety
It is short term Can be short or long term
As perceived as a coping
abilities
Perceived as outside of
coping ability
Feels exciting Feels unpleasant
1/27/2017STRESS 12
13. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN POSITIVE &
NEGATINE STRESS CONT…
Positive stress Negative stress
Increases performance Decreases performance
Examples : Starting a new
job or marriages
Examples: death of spouse
or being neglected
1/27/2017STRESS 13
14. SIGN & SYMPTOMS OF STRESS
Frequent headaches
Body aches
Chest pain or palpitations
Difficulty in breathing
Increase smoking or alcohol use
Insomnia
Gritting , grinding teeth
Weight gain or loss
1/27/2017STRESS 14
15. SIGNS & SYMPTOMS OF STRESS CONT…
Frequent urination
Diminished sexual desire
Constipation ,diarrhea ,nausea or vomiting
Cold or sweaty hands & feet
Social withdrawal or isolation
1/27/2017STRESS 15
17. CAUSES OF STRESS
Common external causes of stress:
Major life changes
Work or school
Relationship difficulties
Financial problems
Being too busy
Children & family
1/27/2017STRESS 17
18. CAUSES OF STRESS CONT…
Common internal causes of stress:
Chronic worry
Pessimism
Negative self-talk
Unrealistic expectations
Rigid thinking
All-or-nothing attitude
1/27/2017STRESS 18
20. FACTORS INFLUENCING STRESS
INTOLERANCE CONT…
One’s knowledge & preparedness:
Stress can be heightened when one is not aware of
what to expect in the stressful situation.
it is easier to cope when you have knowledge about
stress
1/27/2017STRESS 20
21. FACTORS INFLUENCING STRESS
INTOLERANCE CONT…
Optimistic:
People who tend to be optimistic in all spheres of life
tend to cope better with stress than those who are
pessimistic.
concentrate on the positive, are more willing to get
social support
1/27/2017STRESS 21
22. FACTORS INFLUENCING STRESS
INTOLERANCE CONT…
Hardiness:
Hardiness is a personality syndrome marked by
control, challenge, and commitment that is
relatively linked to strong stress resistance.
1/27/2017STRESS 22
23. FACTORS INFLUENCING STRESS
INTOLERANCE CONT…
Sensation seeking:
People who are high in sensation tend to enjoy
challenges and are easily bored by something that is
not extra ordinary.
usually engage in stressful activities and take it as a
normal way of life.
satisfy their urge for high stimulation by trying to
have novel experiences, having numerous sexual
partners, and experimenting with drugs.
1/27/2017STRESS 23
24. FACTORS INFLUENCING STRESS
INTOLERANCE CONT…
Social support:
Its different succor and aids provided by members
of your social network.
It is associated with mental health.
serves as a protective shield for the individual
which minimizes the negative impact of the
stressor.
1/27/2017STRESS 24
27. STRESS MANAGEMENT CONT…
4. Counseling
-Talk therapy
-Life coaching
Changing perceptions and expectations
Break jobs/tasks into manageable parts
Set reasonable/realistic goals
Avoid procrastination
Set boundaries
1/27/2017STRESS 27
28. STRESS MANAGEMENT CONT…
Don’t compromise your values/beliefs
Schedule “me” time
1/27/2017STRESS 28
29. COPING STRATEGIES OF STRESS
Unhealthy ways to cope stress:
Smoking
Using pills to relax
Procrastinating
Sleeping too much
Withdrawing from friends
& family
Taking out your stress on others
1/27/2017STRESS 29
30. COPING STRATEGIES OF STRESS CONT…
Healthier ways to cope with stress:
(4 A’s )
Avoid unnecessary stress
Alter the situation
Accept the things you can’t change
Adapt to the stressor
1/27/2017STRESS 30
31. COPING STRATEGIES OF STRESS CONT…
Others:
Get moving
Engage socially
Make time for fun and relaxation
1/27/2017STRESS 31
33. DEFENCE MECHANISMS IN STRESS CONT…
Regression
Sublimation
Identification
Compensation
Denial
Fantasy
1/27/2017STRESS 33
34. SELF CONTROL IN STRESS
“Self-control is the quality that allows you to stop
yourself from doing things you want to do but that
might not be in your best interest.’’
e.g You might burp nonstop.
(From Dictionary)
1/27/2017STRESS 34
35. SELF MOTIVATION DEFINITION
“It is the ability to do what needs to be done, without
influence from other people or situations.”
1/27/2017STRESS 35
36. SELF CONTROL THROUGH SELF
MOTIVATION
Start simple
Keep good company
Keep learning
Stay Positive
Stop thinking
Know yourself
Track your progress
Help others
1/27/2017STRESS 36
37. BENEFITS OF STRESS MANAGEMENT
Physical health gets better
-more energy and stamina
Emotions stabilized
-positive attitude
-hopeful/happier
Ability to focus improved
-able to learn and achieve
1/27/2017STRESS 37
38. STRESS MANAGEMENT IN NURSING
Keep things in perspective, priorities
Share your worries with family and friends
Don’t be too hard on yourself
Increased knowledge helps to alleviate stress
Make plans to solve the problems
Set realistic goals
Exercise regularly and eat healthy diet
1/27/2017STRESS 38
39. STRESS MANAGEMENT IN NURSING
CONT…
Practice relaxation techniques
Think positive and enjoy new experiences
Remember: it is normal to have setbacks – they can
be overcome
1/27/2017STRESS 39