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CCNA- part 9 isdn
1.
Completing ISDN Calls
Module 9 © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 1
2.
Objectives Upon completing
this module, you will be able to: • Configure ISDN BRI, ISDN PRI, and legacy DDR, given a functioning remote access router and a physical ISDN connection • Use show commands to identify the anomalies in the ISDN BRI, ISDN PRI, and legacy DDR configurations, given a functioning remote access router and a physical ISDN connection • Use debug commands to identify the anomalies in the ISDN BRI, ISDN PRI, and legacy DDR configurations, given a functioning remote access router and a physical ISDN connection DDR = Dial on Demand Routing ISDN = Integrated Services Digital Network BRI = Basic Rate Interface PRI = Primary Rate Interface © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND v2.0—9-2
3.
9.1 Configuring ISDN
BRI and PRI © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights rerseesrevrevde.d. ICND v2.0—9-3 3
4.
Objectives Upon completing
this lesson, you will be able to: • Configure ISDN BRI and ISDN PRI, given a functioning router and a physical ISDN connection • Use show commands to identify the anomalies in the ISDN BRI and PRI configurations, given a functioning router and a physical ISDN connection • Use debug commands to identify the anomalies in the ISDN BRI and PRI configurations, given a functioning remote access router and a physical ISDN connection © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND v2.0—9-4
5.
What Is ISDN?
Various ISDN environments ISDN Switches • Voice, data, video, and special services PBX = Private Branch Exchange © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND v2.0—9-5
6.
ISDN Standards (ITU-T)
© 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND v2.0—9-6
7.
ISDN Standards Layer
3 • Q.931 provides a network-layer protocol • This ISDN call control protocol follows the recommendations for the ISDN signaling layer • ISDN uses out-of-band signaling • ISDN addressing generally follows E.164 Layer 2 • Q.921 LAPD data link protocol, the recommendation specifies the framing format for the ISDN call control message • in other words, LAPD encapsulated the Q.931 signaling message Layer 1 • I.430/I.431 recommendation specifies the ISDN physical-layer interfaces • I.430 for the basic interface • I.431 for the primary interface © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND v2.0—9-7
8.
ISDN Access Options
23 B channels in the United States and Japan 30 B channels in Europe and India NT1 = Network Termination Type 1 © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND v2.0—9-8
9.
BRI and PRI
Call Processing The D channel is always up The B channels are used to send data. SS7 = Signaling System 7 © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND v2.0—9-9
10.
ISDN Reference Points
(Interfaces) U interface ensures rate conversion, clock synchronization, frame alignment, and adequate power supply, and provides an operational and maintenance control point for the service provider. S interface enables the connection for ISDN devices and provides access to the useful transmission rate T interface corresponds to the S interface from the provider perspective. The T interface offers the total transmission rate R interface enables connection for non-ISDN (R type) devices © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND v2.0—9-10
11.
ISDN Device Hardware
TE1 = a native ISDN device that can connect directly to its S/T interface NT1 = an external device that converts the 4-wire connection on the T interface to a 2-wire U line interface NT = Network Termination NT2 = a splitting device TE = Terminal Equipment TA = Terminal Adapter TE2 = a non-native ISDN device that requires a TA for its S interface signals TA = an external device required on non-native ISDN devices. © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND v2.0—9-11
12.
ISDN Functions and
Reference Points • Functions are devices or hardware. • Reference points are demarcations or interfaces. © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND v2.0—9-12
13.
Cisco ISDN BRI
Interfaces © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND v2.0—9-13
14.
Cisco ISDN PRI
Interfaces PRI = Primary Rate Interface CSU = Channel Service Unit CT = Channel Termination © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND v2.0—9-14
15.
ISDN Switch Types
Many providers use many different switch types. Services vary by region and country. © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND v2.0—9-15
16.
Configuring ISDN BRI
Step 1: Specify the ISDN switch type. Router(config)#isdn switch-type switch-type Router(config-if)#isdn switch-type switch-type Or • The command specifies the type of ISDN switch with which the router communicates. • Other configuration requirements vary for specific providers. © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND v2.0—9-16
17.
Configuring ISDN BRI
(cont.) Step 2: (Optional) Setting SPIDs Router(config-if)#isdn spid1 spid-number [ldn] • Sets a B channel SPID required by many service providers Router(config-if)#isdn spid2 spid-number [ldn] • Sets a SPID for the second B channel Some service providers require SPIDs to authenticate that a call requests are within contract specifications SPID = Service Profile Identifier © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND v2.0—9-17
18.
Configuring ISDN PRI
Step 1: Specify the ISDN switch type. Router(config)#isdn switch-type switch-type Step 2: Select the controller. Router(config)#controller controller slot/port Step 3: Establish the interface port to function as PRI . Router(config-controller)#pri-group timeslots range Refer PCM-TDM Channels © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND v2.0—9-18
19.
ISDN PRI Examples
T1 Sample Configuration Router(config)#controller T1 3/0 Router(config-controller)#framing esf Router(config-controller)#linecode b8zs Router(config-controller)#pri-group timeslots 1-24 Router(config-controller)#interface Serial3/0:23 Router(config-if)#isdn switch-type primary-5ess Router(config-if)#no cdp enable E1 Sample Configuration Router(config)#controller E1 3/0 Router(config-controller)# framing crc4 Router(config-controller)# linecode hdb3 Router(config-controller)# pri-group timeslots 1-31 Router(config-controller)#interface Serial3/0:15 Router(config-if)# isdn switch-type primary-net5 Router(config-if)# no cdp enable © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND v2.0—9-19
20.
Verifying the ISDN
Configuration Router#show isdn active • Displays current call information Router#show interfaces bri0 • Displays statistics for the BRI interface configured on the router Router#show isdn status • Displays the status of an ISDN connection © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND v2.0—9-20
21.
Troubleshooting the ISDN
Configuration Router#debug isdn q921 • Shows ISDN Layer 2 messages Router#debug isdn q931 • Shows ISDN call setup and teardown activity (Layer 3) Router#debug ppp authentication • Displays the PPP authentication protocol messages Router#debug ppp negotiation • Displays information on PPP link establishment Router#debug ppp error • Displays protocol errors associated with PPP © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND v2.0—9-21
22.
Summary • ISDN
defines a digital architecture that provides integrated voice and data capability using the public switched network. • ISDN specifies two standard access methods, BRI and PRI. • To establish an ISDN call, the D channel is used between the routers and switches, and SS7 signaling is used between the switches. • ISDN functions are hardware devices while reference points are interfaces between devices. • Cisco devices can be physically configured with different ISDN options, which dictate what additional equipment, if any, is needed to run ISDN. © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND v2.0—9-22
23.
Summary (Cont.) •
You must configure your router to identify the type of switch it will be communicating with, which depends in part on the country the switch is in. • To enable ISDN BRI, you use isdn switch-type and isdn spid commands. • To enable ISDN PRI, use the pri-group command. • Use show commands to verify that your ISDN configuration is functioning properly. • You can use debug commands to troubleshoot your ISDN configuration. © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND v2.0—9-23
24.
9.2 Configuring Dial-on-
Demand Routing © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights rerseesrevrevde.d. ICND v2.0—9-24 24
25.
Objectives Upon completing
this lesson, you will be able to: • Configure legacy DDR, given a functioning remote access router and a physical ISDN connection • Use show commands to identify the anomalies in the legacy DDR configurations, given a functioning remote access router and a physical ISDN connection • Use debug commands to identify the anomalies in the legacy DDR configurations, given a functioning remote access router and a physical ISDN connection © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND v2.0—9-25
26.
What Is Dial-on-Demand
Routing? • Connects when needed • Disconnects when finished • ISDN or PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND v2.0—9-26
27.
When to Use
DDR • Low volume periodic connections • Small amounts of data • Cost savings over permanent WAN links © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND v2.0—9-27
28.
Generic DDR Operation
1. Route to destination is determined. 2. Interesting packets dictate DDR call. 3. Dialer information is looked up. 4. Traffic is transmitted. 5. Call is terminated after a user-defined idle period Static routes are configured between the routers to avoid periodic transmissions over the WAN that would be caused by dynamic routing. © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND v2.0—9-28
29.
Configuring DDR 1
2 3 Define static routes—What route do I use? Specify interesting traffic—What traffic enables the link? Configure the dialer information—What number do I call? © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND v2.0—9-29
30.
Defining Static Routes
© 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND v2.0—9-30
31.
Specifying Interesting Traffic
dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit • Any IP traffic will initiate the link without access lists. Or dialer-list 1 protocol ip list 101 access-list 101 deny tcp any any eq ftp access-list 101 deny tcp any any eq telnet access-list 101 permit ip any any Denies FTP Denies Telnet • Any IP traffic, except FTP and Telnet, will initiate the linking. • Using access lists gives finer control. © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND v2.0—9-31
32.
Configuring the Dialer
Information • Applies rules defined by dialer-list to individual interfaces hostname Home ! isdn switch-type basic-5ess ! username central password cisco interface BRI0 ip address 10.1.0.1 255.255.255.0 encapsulation ppp dialer idle-timeout 180 dialer map ip 10.1.0.2 name Central 5552000 dialer-group 1 no fair-queue ppp authentication chap ! router rip network 10.0.0.0 ! no ip classless ip route 10.10.0.0 255.255.0.0 10.1.0.2 ip route 10.20.0.0 255.255.0.0 10.1.0.2 ! dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit Both Values Must Match © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND v2.0—9-32
33.
Configuring the Dialer
Information (Cont.) © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND v2.0—9-33
34.
Configuring the Dialer
Information (Cont.) The dialer-map command maps the remote protocol address to a telephone number. You need this command if you will be dialing multiple sites. If you will be dialing only one site, you could use an unconditional dialer string command It always dials the one phone number regardless of the traffic destination. © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND v2.0—9-34
35.
Optional Legacy DDR
Commands Router(config-if)#dialer load-threshold load [outbound | inbound | either] • Establishes the amount of traffic on the link before a second link is enabled Router(config-if)#dialer idle-timeout seconds • Establishes the idle time before disconnect • The dialer idle-timeout has a default value of 120. © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND v2.0—9-35
36.
Legacy DDR Configuration
Tasks Summarized 3 1 2 hostname Home ! isdn switch-type basic-5ess ! username central password cisco interface BRI0 ip address 10.1.0.1 255.255.255.0 encapsulation ppp dialer idle-timeout 180 dialer map ip 10.1.0.2 name Central 5552000 dialer-group 1 no fair-queue ppp authentication chap ! router rip network 10.0.0.0 ! no ip classless ip route 10.10.0.0 255.255.0.0 10.1.0.2 ip route 10.20.0.0 255.255.0.0 10.1.0.2 dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit ! © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND v2.0—9-36
37.
Dialer Profiles Overview
© 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND v2.0—9-37
38.
Dialer Profile Elements
© 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND v2.0—9-38
39.
Dialer Profile Configuration
Concepts and Commands © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND v2.0—9-39
40.
Configuring Dialer Interfaces
interface dialer1 ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 encapsulation ppp dialer remote-name Smalluser dialer string 5554540 dialer idle-timer 180 dialer pool 1 dialer-group 1 ppp authentication chap ! interface dialer2 ip address 10.2.2.1 255.255.255.0 encapsulation ppp dialer remote-name Mediumuser dialer string 5551234 dialer idle-timer 180 dialer pool 1 dialer-group 2 (cont.) interface dialer3 ip address 10.3.3.1 255.255.255.0 encapsulation ppp dialer remote-name Poweruser dialer string 4155554321 dialer idle-timer 300 dialer pool 1 dialer-group 3 © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND v2.0—9-40
41.
Configuring Physical Interfaces
© 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND v2.0—9-41
42.
Verifying DDR and
ISDN Operation Router#ping or telnet • Triggers a link Router#show dialer •Displays current status of the link Router#show isdn active •Displays call status while call is in progress Router#show isdn status •Displays the status of an ISDN connection Router#show ip route •Displays all routes, including static routes © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND v2.0—9-42
43.
Verifying Dialer Profiles
Operation NASX#show dialer interface bri0 BRI0 - dialer type = ISDN Dial String Successes Failures Last called Last status 5553872 6 0 19 secs Successful 0 incoming call(s) have been screened. BRI0: B-Channel 1 Idle timer (120 secs), Fast idle timer (20 secs) Wait for carrier (30 secs), Re-enable (15 secs) Dialer state is data link layer up Dial reason: ip (s=10.1.1.8, d=10.1.1.1) Interface bound to profile Dialer0 Time until disconnect 102 secs Current call connected 00:00:19 Connected to 5553872 (system1) BRI0: B-Channel 2 Idle timer (120 secs), Fast idle timer (20 secs) Wait for carrier (30 secs), Re-enable (15 secs) Dialer state is idle © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND v2.0—9-43
44.
Troubleshooting DDR and
ISDN Operation Router#debug isdn q921 • Shows ISDN Layer 2 messages Router#debug isdn q931 • Shows ISDN call setup and teardown activity Router#debug dialer [events | packets] • Displays DDR debugging information about the packets received on a dialer interface Router(config-if)#shutdown • Clears currently established connections from the interface © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND v2.0—9-44
45.
debug isdn q921
Example Router#debug isdn q921 Jan 3 14:52:24.475: ISDN BR0: TX -> INFOc sapi = 0 tei = 64 ns = 5 nr = 2 i = 0x08010705040288901801837006803631383835 Jan 3 14:52:24.503: ISDN BR0: RX <- RRr sapi = 0 tei = 64 nr = 6 Jan 3 14:52:24.527: ISDN BR0: RX <- INFOc sapi = 0 tei = 64 ns = 2 nr = 6 i = 0x08018702180189 Jan 3 14:52:24.535: ISDN BR0: TX -> RRr sapi = 0 tei = 64 nr = 3 Jan 3 14:52:24.643: ISDN BR0: RX <- INFOc sapi = 0 tei = 64 ns = 3 nr = 6 i = 0x08018707 Jan 3 14:52:24.655: ISDN BR0: TX -> RRr sapi = 0 tei = 64 nr = 4 %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0:1, changed state to up Jan 3 14:52:24.683: ISDN BR0: TX -> INFOc sapi = 0 tei = 64 ns = 6 nr = 4 i = 0x0801070F Jan 3 14:52:24.699: ISDN BR0: RX <- RRr sapi = 0 tei = 64 nr = 7 %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface BRI0:1, changed state to up %ISDN-6-CONNECT: Interface BRI0:1 is now connected to 61885 goodie Jan 3 14:52:34.415: ISDN BR0: RX <- RRp sapi = 0 tei = 64 nr = 7 Jan 3 14:52:34.419: ISDN BR0: TX -> RRf sapi = 0 tei = 64 nr = 4 © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND v2.0—9-45
46.
debug isdn q931
Examples Router#debug isdn q931 TX -> SETUP pd = 8 callref = 0x04 Bearer Capability i = 0x8890 Channel ID i = 0x83 Called Party Number i = 0x80, `415555121202' RX <- CALL_PROC pd = 8 callref = 0x84 Channel ID i = 0x89 RX <- CONNECT pd = 8 callref = 0x84 TX -> CONNECT_ACK pd = 8 callref = 0x04.... Router#debug isdn q931 RX <- SETUP pd = 8 callref = 0x06 Bearer Capability i = 0x8890 Channel ID i = 0x89 Calling Party Number i = 0x0083, `81012345678902' TX -> CONNECT pd = 8 callref = 0x86 RX <- CONNECT_ACK pd = 8 callref = 0x06 Call Setup Procedure for Outgoing Call Call Setup Procedure for Incoming Call © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND v2.0—9-46
47.
debug dialer Examples
Router#debug dialer events Dialing cause: Serial0: ip (s=172.16.1.111 d=172.16.2.22) Router#debug dialer packets BRI0: ip (s=10.1.1.8, d=10.1.1.1), 100 bytes, interesting (ip PERMIT) © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND v2.0—9-47
48.
Resolving Outbound Call
Problems Cause Missing or incorrect “interesting traffic” definitions Incorrect interface state Misconfigured dialer map Misconfigured dialer profile Suggested Actions Verify the configuration using show running-configuration Ensure that the interface state is “up/up” (spoofing) Make sure the dialing interface has at least one dialer map statement Make sure the dialer interface is configured with a dialer pool X command © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND v2.0—9-48
49.
Summary • Dial-on-demand
routing refers to a collection of Cisco features that allows two or more Cisco routers to establish a dynamic connection over simple dialup facilities. • DDR operates by first determining the route to the destination, then, if the traffic is “interesting,” initiating a call. • To configure DDR, first define the static routes, then specify interesting traffic, and finally configure the dialer information. • Use static routes across a DDR link so that the number is not dialed just for routing updates. © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND v2.0—9-49
50.
Summary (Cont.) •
DDR calls are triggered by “interesting” traffic, which can be defined based on protocol, source address, destination address, or a variety of other criteria. • Use the dialer-group and dialer map commands on an interface to associate a port and dialer-string with a dial list. • To configure ISDN PRI with legacy DDR, you will configure dialer rotary groups and dialer profiles. • You use show commands to display information about DDR configuration. • You can use debug commands to help troubleshoot problems with a DDR configuration. © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND v2.0—9-50
51.
Visual Objective 9-1:
Completing and ISDN BRI Call and DDR Pod Router BRI A 10.130.0.2 B 10.135.0.2 C 10.140.0.2 D 10.145.0.2 E 10.150.0.2 F 10.155.0.2 G 10.160.0.2 H 10.165.0.2 I 10.170.0.2 J 10.175.0.2 K 10.180.0.2 L 10.185.0.2 © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND v2.0—9-51