btech report final

1. BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1
(BLD61403 / ARC3514 / ARC3512)
PROJECT 2 : CONSTRUCTION SOLUTIONS
NAME : SARAH BINTI MOHAMED ESA
STUDENT ID : 0324805
TUTOR : MR RIZAL

2. CONTENT
 INTRODUCTION
 PRECEDENT STUDIES
FACADE SYSTEM 1
FACADE SYSTEM 2
STRUCTURAL STEEL FRAMING SYSTEM
ROOF SYSTEM
 DESIGN PROPOSAL
FACADE DESIGN 1
FACADE DESIGN 2
SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVE : ROOF LEVEL
SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVE : GROUND LEVEL
 REFERENCES

3. INTRODUCTION
The brief given is for students to design a
Learning Centre for community within an
urban infill site. The site itself is located within
a commercial area where the major buiding
typology are the shophouses. Site B is chosen
as my site as I was drawn to the peaceful and
toned down environment which is also a
suitable environement to carry out the
activities in my learning centre in relation to
the theme.
The approach of my learning centre is an Arts
and Crafts Learning Centre where it focuses on
the community learning new skills and using it
as a tool to gain extra income to support their
families which is also related to the site issues.
Design approaches
For my learning centre, the idea is to break the
introvert characteristics of the site and be
more open towards the outdoor. Transparency
acts as a major role for my building in a sense
that there's a visual permeablity between the
outside and the inside. Therefore, the facade
design should provide these transparency but
at the same time controlling the amount of
light entering the spaces.

4. PRECEDENT STUDIES // FACADE SYSTEM 1 : DOUBLE SKIN FACADE SYSTEM
TOBACCO MUSEUM, SPAIN
by Losada Garcia Architects
Description
Cultural Centre La Gota is a hybrid building for
exhibition spaces that aims to create a new
focus of urban centrality in Navalmoral,
showcasing the identity of the town.
Concept
Ceramic fabric facade is used that was inspired
by the traditional brick found in the contextual
buildings. The holes of the facade plays the
role of bringing in sunlight into the interior
spaces. The geometric patterns on the facade
allows filtration of sunlight through the walls.
Materiality
Glass wall and ceramic fabric
Advantages
+ Natural ventilation where the warm air from the cavity can be
extracted out by stack effect process and efficient position for sun
shading devices
+ Acoustic insulation due to the exterior wall
+ Energy savings and reduced enviromental effects
Disadvantages
- Higer construction cost compared to conventional
facade
- Additional maintenance and operational cost
- Overheating problem in the internal space due to
possible overheating in the cavity
Reasonings
Allows for natural ventilation into the interior spaces to
reduce energy usage
Allows visual permeability from the inside towards the
outside but having the interior spaces to be protected by the
sun as well
Lightweight material used in the double skin facade balances
out the ambience of the surrounding context in relation to
the materiality used on the contextual buildings.

5. screen hanger angle
fabric elements
vertical wind load profile
fabric mesh
horizontal plane rod
live load
support
bracket
screen hanger angle
fabric elements
fabric mesh
vertical wind load profile
horizontal plane rod
vertical
wind load
profile
PRECEDENT STUDIES // FACADE SYSTEM 1 : DOUBLE SKIN FACADE SYSTEM
section
live load
support
bracket
d e a d
l o a d
support
bracket
screen hanger
clamper plate-
end
screen hanger
angle
screen hanger clamper plate-
middle
fabric mesh
fabric elements
vertical wind load profile
screen hanger
clamp plates
fabric elements
fabric
mesh
dead load
s u p p o r t
bracket
fabric elements
vertical wind
load profile
facade detail
plan
scetional detail

6. PRECEDENT STUDIES // FACADE SYSTEM 2 : BRICKWORK FACADE
NEST WE GROW, JAPAN
by Kengo Kuma Architects
Description
The ideas forming Nest We Grow came from
the interest in materials that make up the
environment, focusing on renewable materials.
Its main goal is to bring the people from the
community together to store, prepare and
taste local foods together.
Concept
The transparent plastic wavy sheets on the
facade and roof plays a vital role in allowing
light to enter for the growth of plants but at
the same time filtering the sunlight. The
facade is also use to control the building's
temperature from the hot summer heat to the
cool winter air.
Materiality
Translucent corrugated panels cladded over
timber framing structure
Advantages
+ Stronger and lighter as compared to plywood
+ Low cost maintenance as it does not requires any paintings or the
surface does not rust or rot
+ Ideal for insulation purposes because of its air core
+ Ability to witsthstand humidity and most solvents
Disadvantages
Reasonings
Allows efficient daylight to enter the building without
producing any glare
The transparent characteristic of the plastic sheet allows
visual permeability between the interior of the building and
the street
The transparency of the plastic also gives out the softness
characteristic to the building

7. PRECEDENT STUDIES // FACADE SYSTEM 2 : PLASTIC CORRUGATED PANEL CLADDING
The entire structure of the building is through
the traditional Japanese wood joinery. The
timber structure for the facade are joint
together through the halved joint wood
joinery method.
sectional perspective
timber frame joinery
pvc over wood corner connection
The main structure of the building is
build isp first; collumns and beams.
construction process
Timber framing for the facade
structure is then connected to the
beams of the building.
Lastly, the pvc panelling is screwed
over the timber frame to cover up
the building.
 to faciliate air circulation in the building during the summer and the hottest part of the days
 to incorporate the building's surrounding natural environment
facade openings

8. PRECEDENT STUDIES // STRUCTURAL & FLOOR SYSTEM : STEEL FRAMING SYSTEM
NoXX Apartment
by CM Architecture
Description
The idea behind NoxX Apartment project is to
construct it in a short and conventional way
and therefore, steel structure is designed with
an industrial sensibility and as a homage to the
rare standing structures from early early
century of that area.
Concept
The facade is composed of steel structure with
insulation materials in between and brick
wallks on both sides. Custom made bricks are
designed to be placed uneven on the facade in
a natural pattern, giving different linear shades
at different times of the day, breaking the
monotony.
Materiality
Steel structure framing, reinforced concrete,
bricks
Advantages
+ Fast building construction on site
+ Resist dynamic forces due to its flexibility
+ Wide range of joining method
Disadvantages
Reasonings
The creativity of providing contrasting elements towards the
building's design
Flexibility in shapes and sizes as partsof the structural steel
framing system comes with different types and in different
sizes
- Corrosion
- High maintenance cost as it is neede to be painted to
make it corrosion-resistant
- Not fireproof
- High expansion rate with changing of temperatures

9. PRECEDENT STUDIES // STRUCTURAL & FLOOR SYSTEM : STEEL FRAMING SYSTEM
section
Two-way beam system is usedfor this building where there
is the primary beam which form the floor opening and the
secondary beam supporting the floor slab.
interior showing the structural steel beams
floor detail
Floor slab on steel structure - the floor slab is supported by
the structural steel beam.
beam to beam connection
primary beamsecondary beam
shop connections
site connections

10. PRECEDENT STUDIES // ROOF SYSTEM : STEEL ROOF TRUSS
CAMPOBAJA, MEXICO
by Estudio Atemporal
Description
More than a restaurant that refernces the way
the food is prepared there, whereby the goal is
to transport a pice of Baja to Mexico City's
Colonia Roma.
Concept
This establishment was part of a group of
business es that were unified by a single
arched roof structure that was reshaped and
subtituted by a pitched roof that refernces the
big warehouses found on shipyards back in
Ensenada.
Materiality
Steel trusses with corrugated plastic roof
Advantages
+ Can span further than wood
+ Much more lightweight
+ Consists of wide range of joining method such as welding, bolting
and riveting
+ Provide a wide range read-made structural sections such as I, C and
angle sections
Disadvantages
Reasonings
Lightweight material which blanaces out the materiality of
the contextual buildings on site
Suitable for outdoor spaces
The simple steel structure allows more room for creativity in
designing the spaces in t building
- Since steel is an alloy of iron, corrosion can easily
occur
- High maintenance cost as it is neede to be painted to
make it corrosion-resistant
- Not fireproof
- High expansion rate with changing of temperatures

11. PRECEDENT STUDIES // ROOD SYSTEM : STEEL ROOF TRUSS
A truss is essentially a triangulated system with
straight interconnected structural elements. The
most common use of trusses is i buildings where to
support the roofs, the floor and internal loading.
section
metal gussets
king postbottom chord truss web
C purlin
roofingridge
ridge connection
end plate
joint connection
truss components
roof purlin
intermidate purlin
eave purlin
corrugated metal roof
metal roof decking

12. FACADE DESIGN 1 // DOUBLE SKIN
FRONT ELEVATION // 1:00

13. FACADE DESIGN 1 // DOUBLE SKIN
REAR ELEVATION // 1:00

14. FACADE DESIGN 2 // CORRUGATED PVC SHEET
FRONT ELEVATION // 1:00

15. FACADE DESIGN 2 // CORRUGATED PVC SHEET
REAR ELEVATION // 1:00

16. SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVE // ROOF LEVEL
1
2
3
corrugated metal roof
roof C purlin
monopitch metal roof
truss
composite metal
decking
steel beam
corrugated PVS sheet
metal facade framing
4000
liner tray
double skin system
with gap 600
1
2
3

17. SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVE // ROOF LEVEL
Detail 1
Roof to purlin connections
C purlin
raftar
cleat
corrugated
metal roof
purlin
metal roof
fastener
washer
Purlin to raftar connection
Detail 2
Facade connection
Beam to metal framing of the facade
column
weld
beam
continuity
plate
weld access
hole
shear tab
Detail 3
Floor detail
bottom reinforcementsteel beam
steel deck slab reinforcement
concrete slab

18. SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVE // GROUND LEVEL
1
2
beam
300 x 100
steel column
200 x 200
foundation
Detail 1
Primary beam to secondary beam connection
primary beamsecondary beam
shop connections
site connections
Beam to column connection
Detail 2
Column to foundation connection
partial depth end
plate
column
primary
beam
secondary
beam
base plate
column to column
connection
3500
1
2

19. REFERENCES
Cultural Center La Gota - Tobacco Museum / Losada García. (2015, December 16). Retrieved from
https://www.archdaily.com/778821/cultural-center-la-gota-tabacoo-museum-losada-garcia?ad_medium=gallery
Sunscreen - Fabrik® from Shildan. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://www.archdaily.com/catalog/us/products/7271/sunscreen-fabrik-shildan
Nest We Grow / Kengo Kuma & Associates College of Environmental Design UC Berkeley. (2015, January 29). Retrieved from
https://www.archdaily.com/592660/nest-we-grow-college-of-environmental-design-uc-berkeley-kengo-kuma-and-associates?ad_medium=gallery
What are the advantages of using double skin-facades? (2018, July 31). Retrieved from
http://locker.com.au/what-are-the-advantages-of-using-double-skin-facades/
(n.d.). Retrieved from
https://study.com/academy/lesson/double-skin-fa-ade-system-materials-advantages-examples.html
Dalangin, M. (n.d.). A STUDY ON THE USE OF DOUBLE SKIN FAÇADE SYSTEMS IN THE PHILIPPINES BASED ON ITS PROPERTIES, NATURE AND GENERAL USE. Retrieved from
http://www.academia.edu/3523607/A_STUDY_ON_THE_USE_OF_DOUBLE_SKIN_FAÇADE_SYSTEMS_IN_THE_PHILIPPINES_BASED_ON_ITS_PROPERTIES_NATURE_AND_GENER
AL_USE
Advantages and Disadvantages of Structural Steel Structures. (2018, February 07). Retrieved from
http://northern-weldarc.com/advantages-disadvantages-structural-steel-structures/
Building envelopes. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://www.steelconstruction.info/Building_envelopes
NoXX Apartment / CM Architecture. (2015, February 03). Retrieved from
https://www.archdaily.com/593084/noxx-apartment-cm-architecture
Campobaja / Estudio Atemporal. (2016, February 09). Retrieved from
https://www.archdaily.com/781786/campobaja-estudio-atemporal?ad_medium=gallery