2. OBJECTIVES
• To have a practical, interactive session
• To take away something useful that can be applied to your daily
practice
• To understand the anatomy related to botulinum toxin
administration
• To learn strategies to maximize efficacy and minimise the risk of
complications
6. FRONTALIS
• ELEVATES BROW AND LOWERS ANTERIOR HAIRLINE
• BILATERAL /SYMMETRICAL
• AMUSCULAR SUPERIORLY
• ROUGHLY RECTANGULAR IN SHAPE
• MUSCLE FIBRES VERTICALLY ORIENTATED
• THIN MUSCLE 1 – 1.5 MM
• LIES AT A UNIFORM DEPTH BENEATH SKIN 3-5 MM
7. FRONTALIS
• SENSORY INNERVATION VIA SUPRAORBITAL AND
SUPRATROCHLEAR NERVES (RUN DEEP TO
FRONTALIS)
• SUPRAORBITAL HAS SUPERFICIAL BRANCH RUNS
ALONG ORBITAL RIM TO LATERAL SCALP
• MOTOR INNERVATION VIA TEMPORAL BRANCH OF
FACIAL NERVE (FRONTAL NERVE)
8. FRONTALIS
• THE OBICULARIS RETAINING LIGAMENT (ORL) DEEP
BOUNDARY BETWEEN FOREHEAD AND UPPER
EYELID
• ANY TREATMENT WHICH TRANSMITS THROUGH ORL
ENTERS THE SOFT TISSUES OF THE UPPER EYELID
• ORL 2-3 MM ABOVE SUPRAORBITAL RIM
• SUPRAORBITAL NERVE TRAVERSES THE ORL
THROUGH A FACIAL TUNNEL (SUPRAORBITAL
CREASE)
• IMPORTANCE - AVOIDANCE OF EYELID PTOSIS
34. CORRUGATOR
• LIES DEEP TO OTHER MUSCLES
• 5-8 MM UNDER SKIN
• NARROW MUSCLE
• NO BONY ATTACHMENTS LATERALLY
• THICKEST (2-3MM) 199MM FROM NASION
• MININMAL MUSCLE MASS LATERALLY
53. MEDICIS GLABELLA ASSESSMENT
SCALE
MUSCLE MASS MORE IMPORTANT THAN FROWN
SEVERITY
• Wrinkle depth and depression (How deep are the wrinkles and
brow depression at full contraction?)
• Inter-brow space (How much does it change from relaxation to
full contraction?)
• Glabella muscle size and shape (Are the glabella muscles bulging
at the point of maximum frown?)
• Shape and position of the brow (are the glabella muscles
depressed or distorted at the point of maximum frown?)
59. PROCERUS
• DEPRESSES MEDIAL HEAD OF BROW
• RESPONSIBLE FOR HORIZONTAL LINES IN
GLABELLA
• SUPPLIED BY TEMPORAL/ZYGOMATIC AND BUCCAL
BRANCHES (ANGULAR NERVE)
• DEEP NASAL PORTION AND SUPERFICIAL IN
FRONTALIS AREA
• BLOOD SUPPLY VIA SUPRAORBITAL ARTERY
60. PROCERUS
• DEEP INSERTION TO BONE (NASION)
• SUPERFICIAL ATTACHMENT MERGING WITH
FRONTALIS
• LONGER IN WOMEN 19MM – 16MM IN MEN
• THIN, PYRAMIDAL MUSCLE
86. MENTALIS
• PAIRED CENTRAL MUSCLE FROM DEEP ON
ANTERIOR MANDIBLE
• PROTRUDES LOWER LIP AND DIMPLES CHIN
• NERVE SUPPLY VIA MANDIBULAR BRANCH
• BLOOD SUPPLY VIA INFERIOR LABIAL/ MENTAL
ARTERY
94. INTRADERMAL TOXIN
• LARGE PORES
• OILY SKIN
• SWEATING
• ACTS ON CHOLINERGIC RECEPTOR OF
PILOSEBACEOUS UNIT
• CAN WEAKEN MUSCULAR ACTIVITY
• RESPONSIBLE FOR ‘SHINY’ APPEARANCE
• WEARS OFF QUICKER IF USING FOR ‘BABY BOTOX’
97. FACE SCULPTING USING
TOXIN
• 8 UNITS PER SITE
WITH 12.7MM
NEEDLE
• 3 DIFFERENT
HEADS – DEPTH
ACCORDING
• REPEAT AT 6
WEEKS
98. FACIAL SCULPTING
• RISK OF LOSS OF FULL SMILE DUE TO DIFFUSION
INTO RISORIUS
• ASYMMETRY OF SMILE
• WEAKNESS AND ACHING ON CHEWING- OCCURS
FOR FIRST 8-12 WEEKS
• ‘JOWLING’ DUE TO EXCESS SKIN DROOPING OVER
ATROPHIED MUSCLE – RESOLVES QUICKLY
• BRUISING COMMON
100. DECOLLATAGE
• SUPERFICIAL INTRADERMAL INJECTION
• OVER DILUTE – NEED LARGER DIFFUSION DUE TO
GREATER SURFACE AREA
• WEARS OFF QUICKER THAN FACE
• TAKES LONGER TO ACHIEVE RESULTS
• EXCESSIVE DOSAGE CAN LEAD TO WEAKENING OF
INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES ON DEEP INSPIRATION
101. NEFERTITI LIFT
• Hyperkinetic platysma and
inelastic & saggy skin cause
blunting of the jaw line
• Nefertiti lift redefines the
elegant/sharp lines of jaw and
neck for a tighter more
youthful, contoured look
102. NEFERTITI LIFT
• Inject toxin inferior to the
mandibular border
posterior to the DAO &
anterior to the SCM down
a band or along the mid
portion of the neck
• INJECTION SITES 30 –
60 units per side -2CM
APART
103.
104. NECK TOXIN
COMPLICATIONS
• Asymmetric smile
• Disruption of lip competence
• Incontinence of food and
liquids
• Dysarthria
• (pronunciation)
• Dysphonia
• (pitch of voice)
• Dysphagia
• (cannot swallow