Map: Towns (Roma, Tusculum, Brundisium, Delphi, Sparta). Grammar: casus nominatívus, casus genetívus, casus objectívus.

27. Young
Cicero

28. Tusculum

31. Brindisi (ancient Brundisium)

34. W
i
t
h
i
t
o
r
o
n
i
t
Ἢ
τ
ὰ
ν
ἢ
ἐ
π
ὶ
τ
ᾶ
ς

35. The «Keáða» above Sparta
where they deposited
the feeble infants.
Ὁ Καιάδας
Photo: Saxey

40. Transitive Verb

41. Transitive Verb
A verb that passes action
to another object.

42. Transitive Verb
A verb that passes action
to another object.
fix, slice, hit, love, admire, give

43. Intransitive Verb

44. Intransitive Verb
A verb that does not
pass action to another object.

45. Intransitive Verb
A verb that does not
pass action to another object.
sit, lie, sleep, stroll, wonder

46. Agent

47. Agent
The doer (of a verb).

48. Agent
The doer (of a verb).
I love my wife.
My wife is loved by me.

49. Direct Object

50. Direct Object
Object directly receiving
the action of a verb.

51. Direct Object
Object directly receiving
the action of a verb.
I love her.
I give the roses away.

52. Indirect Object

53. Indirect Object
Object affected by the verb indirectly.

54. Indirect Object
Object affected by the verb indirectly.
I give her the roses.
She tells me a secret.

55. Preposition

56. Preposition
A word attached to a noun or pronoun
to show its relation
to other noun(s) or pronoun(s).

57. Preposition
A word attached to a noun or pronoun
to show its relation
to other noun(s) or pronoun(s).
to, for, with, against, around, from, between,
beneath, among, through, atop, before, athwart

58. Nominative Case

59. Nominative Case
Set of forms for making a subject.

60. Nominative Case
Set of forms for making a subject.
1. I we
2. thou ye
3. he/she they

61. Genitive Case

62. Genitive Case
Set of forms for showing belonging.

63. Genitive Case
Set of forms for showing belonging.
1. my/mine our(s)
2. thy/thine your(s)
3. his/hers/its their(s)

64. Objective Case

65. Objective Case
Set of forms for making an object.
(Direct Object, Indirect Object, or Object of a Preposition)

66. Objective Case
Set of forms for making an object.
(Direct Object, Indirect Object, or Object of a Preposition)
1: me us
2: thee [- -]
3: him/her them

67. There is actually
an important exception
to all this, which you can
ask me about later
if you’re interested.
But in order to keep it simple,
we’ll just stick with the above.

68. Use Personal Pronouns in the Right Case
Alcibiades comes to the symposium late.
[Alcibiades – subject] is drunk.

69. Use Personal Pronouns in the Right Case
Alcibiades comes to the symposium late.
He is drunk.

70. Use Personal Pronouns in the Right Case
[Alcibiades – subject] sees [the men – direct object]
and
[the men – subject] see [Alcibiades – direct object].

71. Use Personal Pronouns in the Right Case
He sees them
and
they see him.

72. Use Personal Pronouns in the Right Case
[Alcibiades – subject] is seen by [the men – object of a preposition]
and
[the men – subject] are seen by [Alcibiades – object of a preposition].

73. Use Personal Pronouns in the Right Case
He is seen by them
and
they are seen by him.