1. The Foundational Technology of Modern Concrete

2. Concrete is the 2nd most utilized material
on earth, ranking only behind water.

3. Cement: “to bind together”
Concrete: “an agglomeration”

4. Oldest Concrete Found To Date: around 7000 BC
— a lime concrete floor found during the
construction of a road at Yiftah El in Galilee, Israel.

5. Lime
Volcanic ash (pozzolon)

6. Portland cement was first
patented in 1824
Named after the natural limestone
quarried on the Isle of Portland in
the English Channel

7. Calcium Calcium
Silicon
Alumina
Iron
Portland Cement

9. Pervious
Insulated
Phase-Change
Photo catalytic
Translucent
Engineered Cementitious Composites
Bendable
Self-Healing
Self-Consolidating
Smart
Green

12. World Production of Cement
Source: Courtesy of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)

14. Portland Cement is a Foundational Technological
Development
Total improvement over lime
Basis for modern concrete industry
Of major benefit to human society
Portland Cement has social & economic implications
Social- necessary for most modern infrastructure
Economic- Essential to modern development of
societies