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Declarative Programming
for Statistical ML
Kristian
Kersting
Martiin
Mladenov
TUD
Babak
Ahmadi
PicoEgo
Amir
Globerson
HUJI
Martin
Grohe
RWTH
Sriraam
Natarajan
U. Indiana
Leonard
Kleinhans
TUD
Danny
Heinrich
TUD
andmany
more…
Pavel
Tokmakov
INRIA
Grenoble
Is there a “-01” flag for
Statistical ML?
Kristian
Kersting
Martiin
Mladenov
TUD
Babak
Ahmadi
PicoEgo
Amir
Globerson
HUJI
Martin
Grohe
RWTH
Sriraam
Natarajan
U. Indiana
Leonard
Kleinhans
TUD
Danny
Heinrich
TUD
andmany
more…
Pavel
Tokmakov
INRIA
Grenoble
Kristian Kersting - Declarative Programming for Statistical ML
There is an arms race to “deeply”
understand data
Kristian Kersting - Declarative Programming for Statistical ML
Kristian Kersting - Declarative Programming for Statistical ML
Take your spreadsheet …
Features
Objects
Latent Dirichlet AllocationMatrix Factorization
Features
Objects
… and apply some ML
Gaussian Processes
Decision Trees/Boosting
Autoencoder/Deep Learning
and many more …
Kristian Kersting - Declarative Programming for Statistical ML
Support Vector Machines
IS IT REALLY THAT SIMPLE?
Kristian Kersting - Declarative Programming for Statistical ML
Guy van den Broeck
UCLA
Guy van den Broeck
UCLA
card
(1,d2)
card
(1,d3)
card
(1,pAce)
card
(52,d2)
card
(52,d3)
card
(52,pAce)
…
…
…
…
Guy van den Broeck
UCLA
card
(1,d2)
card
(1,d3)
card
(1,pAce)
card
(52,d2)
card
(52,d3)
card
(52,pAce)
…
…
…
…
Guy van den Broeck
UCLA
No independencies.
Fully connected.
22704 states
card
(1,d2)
card
(1,d3)
card
(1,pAce)
card
(52,d2)
card
(52,d3)
card
(52,pAce)
…
…
…
…
Kristian Kersting - Declarative Programming for Statistical ML
Guy van den Broeck
UCLA
A machine will not solve
the problem
card
(1,d2)
card
(1,d3)
card
(1,pAce)
card
(52,d2)
card
(52,d3)
card
(52,pAce)
…
…
…
…
Faster modelling
Faster inference and learning
Kristian Kersting - Declarative Programming for Statistical ML
Symmetry-Aware Message Passing
Compress the model
Run message passing
inference on the
smaller model
[Singla, Domingos AAAI’08; Kersting, Ahmadi, Natarajan UAI’09; Ahmadi, Kersting, Mladenov, Natarajan MLJ’13;
Mladenov, Globerson, Kersting AISTATS `14, UAI `14; Mladenov, Kersting UAI´15; ...]
Big model
small model
Kristian Kersting - Declarative Programming for Statistical ML
De Raedt, Kersting, Natarajan, Poole
“Statistical Relational Artificial Intelligence”,2016
… the study and design of intelligent agents that act in noisy
worlds composed of objects and relations among the objects
Statistical Relational AI
ScalingUncertainty
Logic
Graphs
Trees
Mining
And
Learning
[Getoor, Taskar MIT Press ’07; De Raedt, Frasconi, Kersting, Muggleton, LNCS’08; Domingos, Lowd Morgan Claypool
’09; Natarajan, Kersting, Khot, Shavlik Springer Brief’15; Russell CACM 58(7): 88-97 ’15]
BUT WAIT A MINUTE! WE WANT
TO USE SOME ML, NOT JUST
GRAPHICAL MODELS!
Kristian Kersting - Declarative Programming for Statistical ML
Latent Dirichlet Allocation
Matrix Factorization
Gaussian Processes
Decision Trees/Boosting
Autoencoder/Deep Learning
and many more …
Support Vector Machines
Let’s say we want to classify
publications that cite each other
This is a quadratic program. If you replace
l2- by l1-,l∞-norm you get a linear program
Standard ML approach:
Support Vector Machines
Kristian Kersting - Declarative Programming for Statistical ML
[Vapnik ´79; Bennett´99; Mangasarian´99; Zhou, Zhang, Jiao´02, ... ]
Write down the problem in „paper form“. The machine
then compiles automatically into algebraic solver form.
Statistical Machine Learning via
Declarative Programming
[Kersting, Mladenov, Tokmakov AIJ´15, Mladenov, Heinrich, Kleinhans, Gonsio, Kersting DeLBP´16]
Logically parameterized variable
(set of ground variables)
Logically parameterized constraint
Logically parameterized objective
Data stored
externally
Program1
Data1
Program2
Data2
Program3
Data3
...
Kristian Kersting - Declarative Programming for Statistical ML
[Kersting, Mladenov, Tokmakov AIJ´15, Mladenov, Heinrich, Kleinhans, Gonsio, Kersting DeLBP´16]
Captures the essence of a problem and
can be reused for several problems
MP1
Declarative
Program
MP2 MPn
Data1 Data2 Datan
...
Kristian Kersting - Declarative Programming for Statistical ML
[Kersting, Mladenov, Tokmakov AIJ´15, Mladenov, Heinrich, Kleinhans, Gonsio, Kersting DeLBP´16]
Captures the essence of a problem and
can be reused for several problems
But wait, publications are citing
each other. OMG, I have to use
graph kernels!
REALLY?
Simply program some additional constraints
[Kersting, Mladenov, Tokmakov AIJ´15, Mladenov, Heinrich, Kleinhans, Gonsio, Kersting DeLBP´16]
Kristian Kersting - Declarative Programming for Statistical ML
http://www-ai.cs.uni-dortmund.de/weblab/static/RLP/html/
…
Kristian Kersting - Declarative Programming for Statistical ML
Loops and relations get
interwined, and models
can refer to each other
DBMS Interface
Using a probabilistic
programming language we
can even get stochastic
relational mathematical
programs
Finally, the „-O1“ flag
[Kersting, Mladenov, Tokmakov AIJ 2015, Mladenov, Kleinhans, Kersting 2016]
Kristian Kersting - Declarative Programming for Statistical ML
(1) Reduce the QP via symmetries
(2) Run any solver on the reduced QP
… and the “-02” flag
Kristian Kersting - Declarative Programming for Statistical ML
Algebraic
Decision Diagrams
Formulae
parse trees
Matrix Free
Optimization
(  )+
= Optimization with 60 Millions of non-zeros
with 12 minutes per log-barrier iteration and
actually sublinear in the number of non-zeros
HIGH-LEVEL LANGUAGES
FOR MACHINE LEARNING
AND OPTIMIZATION ARE A
STEP TOWARDS THE …
Conclusions
Kristian Kersting - Declarative Programming for Statistical ML
DEMOCRATIZATION OF
MACHINE LEARNING
Kristian Kersting - Declarative Programming for Statistical ML
 Reduces the level of expertise necessary to
build optimization applications, makes models
faster to write and easier to communicate
 Facilitate the construction of sophisticated
models with rich domain knowledge
 Speed up solvers by exploiting language
properties, compression, and compilation
Kristian Kersting - Declarative Programming for Statistical ML
Kristian Kersting - Declarative Programming for Statistical ML

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Kristian Kersting, Associate Professor for Computer Science, TU Dortmund University, Germany at MLconf SEA - 5/20/16

  • 1. Declarative Programming for Statistical ML Kristian Kersting Martiin Mladenov TUD Babak Ahmadi PicoEgo Amir Globerson HUJI Martin Grohe RWTH Sriraam Natarajan U. Indiana Leonard Kleinhans TUD Danny Heinrich TUD andmany more… Pavel Tokmakov INRIA Grenoble
  • 2. Is there a “-01” flag for Statistical ML? Kristian Kersting Martiin Mladenov TUD Babak Ahmadi PicoEgo Amir Globerson HUJI Martin Grohe RWTH Sriraam Natarajan U. Indiana Leonard Kleinhans TUD Danny Heinrich TUD andmany more… Pavel Tokmakov INRIA Grenoble
  • 3. Kristian Kersting - Declarative Programming for Statistical ML
  • 4. There is an arms race to “deeply” understand data Kristian Kersting - Declarative Programming for Statistical ML
  • 5. Kristian Kersting - Declarative Programming for Statistical ML Take your spreadsheet … Features Objects
  • 6. Latent Dirichlet AllocationMatrix Factorization Features Objects … and apply some ML Gaussian Processes Decision Trees/Boosting Autoencoder/Deep Learning and many more … Kristian Kersting - Declarative Programming for Statistical ML Support Vector Machines
  • 7. IS IT REALLY THAT SIMPLE? Kristian Kersting - Declarative Programming for Statistical ML
  • 8. Guy van den Broeck UCLA
  • 9. Guy van den Broeck UCLA card (1,d2) card (1,d3) card (1,pAce) card (52,d2) card (52,d3) card (52,pAce) … … … …
  • 10. Guy van den Broeck UCLA card (1,d2) card (1,d3) card (1,pAce) card (52,d2) card (52,d3) card (52,pAce) … … … …
  • 11. Guy van den Broeck UCLA No independencies. Fully connected. 22704 states card (1,d2) card (1,d3) card (1,pAce) card (52,d2) card (52,d3) card (52,pAce) … … … … Kristian Kersting - Declarative Programming for Statistical ML
  • 12. Guy van den Broeck UCLA A machine will not solve the problem card (1,d2) card (1,d3) card (1,pAce) card (52,d2) card (52,d3) card (52,pAce) … … … …
  • 14. Kristian Kersting - Declarative Programming for Statistical ML Symmetry-Aware Message Passing Compress the model Run message passing inference on the smaller model [Singla, Domingos AAAI’08; Kersting, Ahmadi, Natarajan UAI’09; Ahmadi, Kersting, Mladenov, Natarajan MLJ’13; Mladenov, Globerson, Kersting AISTATS `14, UAI `14; Mladenov, Kersting UAI´15; ...] Big model small model
  • 15. Kristian Kersting - Declarative Programming for Statistical ML De Raedt, Kersting, Natarajan, Poole “Statistical Relational Artificial Intelligence”,2016 … the study and design of intelligent agents that act in noisy worlds composed of objects and relations among the objects Statistical Relational AI ScalingUncertainty Logic Graphs Trees Mining And Learning [Getoor, Taskar MIT Press ’07; De Raedt, Frasconi, Kersting, Muggleton, LNCS’08; Domingos, Lowd Morgan Claypool ’09; Natarajan, Kersting, Khot, Shavlik Springer Brief’15; Russell CACM 58(7): 88-97 ’15]
  • 16. BUT WAIT A MINUTE! WE WANT TO USE SOME ML, NOT JUST GRAPHICAL MODELS! Kristian Kersting - Declarative Programming for Statistical ML Latent Dirichlet Allocation Matrix Factorization Gaussian Processes Decision Trees/Boosting Autoencoder/Deep Learning and many more … Support Vector Machines
  • 17. Let’s say we want to classify publications that cite each other
  • 18. This is a quadratic program. If you replace l2- by l1-,l∞-norm you get a linear program Standard ML approach: Support Vector Machines Kristian Kersting - Declarative Programming for Statistical ML [Vapnik ´79; Bennett´99; Mangasarian´99; Zhou, Zhang, Jiao´02, ... ]
  • 19. Write down the problem in „paper form“. The machine then compiles automatically into algebraic solver form. Statistical Machine Learning via Declarative Programming [Kersting, Mladenov, Tokmakov AIJ´15, Mladenov, Heinrich, Kleinhans, Gonsio, Kersting DeLBP´16] Logically parameterized variable (set of ground variables) Logically parameterized constraint Logically parameterized objective Data stored externally
  • 20. Program1 Data1 Program2 Data2 Program3 Data3 ... Kristian Kersting - Declarative Programming for Statistical ML [Kersting, Mladenov, Tokmakov AIJ´15, Mladenov, Heinrich, Kleinhans, Gonsio, Kersting DeLBP´16] Captures the essence of a problem and can be reused for several problems
  • 21. MP1 Declarative Program MP2 MPn Data1 Data2 Datan ... Kristian Kersting - Declarative Programming for Statistical ML [Kersting, Mladenov, Tokmakov AIJ´15, Mladenov, Heinrich, Kleinhans, Gonsio, Kersting DeLBP´16] Captures the essence of a problem and can be reused for several problems
  • 22. But wait, publications are citing each other. OMG, I have to use graph kernels! REALLY?
  • 23. Simply program some additional constraints [Kersting, Mladenov, Tokmakov AIJ´15, Mladenov, Heinrich, Kleinhans, Gonsio, Kersting DeLBP´16] Kristian Kersting - Declarative Programming for Statistical ML
  • 24. http://www-ai.cs.uni-dortmund.de/weblab/static/RLP/html/ … Kristian Kersting - Declarative Programming for Statistical ML Loops and relations get interwined, and models can refer to each other DBMS Interface Using a probabilistic programming language we can even get stochastic relational mathematical programs
  • 25. Finally, the „-O1“ flag [Kersting, Mladenov, Tokmakov AIJ 2015, Mladenov, Kleinhans, Kersting 2016] Kristian Kersting - Declarative Programming for Statistical ML (1) Reduce the QP via symmetries (2) Run any solver on the reduced QP
  • 26. … and the “-02” flag Kristian Kersting - Declarative Programming for Statistical ML Algebraic Decision Diagrams Formulae parse trees Matrix Free Optimization (  )+ = Optimization with 60 Millions of non-zeros with 12 minutes per log-barrier iteration and actually sublinear in the number of non-zeros
  • 27. HIGH-LEVEL LANGUAGES FOR MACHINE LEARNING AND OPTIMIZATION ARE A STEP TOWARDS THE … Conclusions Kristian Kersting - Declarative Programming for Statistical ML
  • 28. DEMOCRATIZATION OF MACHINE LEARNING Kristian Kersting - Declarative Programming for Statistical ML  Reduces the level of expertise necessary to build optimization applications, makes models faster to write and easier to communicate  Facilitate the construction of sophisticated models with rich domain knowledge  Speed up solvers by exploiting language properties, compression, and compilation
  • 29. Kristian Kersting - Declarative Programming for Statistical ML
  • 30. Kristian Kersting - Declarative Programming for Statistical ML