Acute renal failure

Basic Renal Physiology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

structural organization ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

renal blood supply: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

determinants of renal blood flow (RBF) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Acute Renal Failure – Definitions, Facts and Figures ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Acute Renal Failure– Definitions, Facts and Figures ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Serum Creatinine (mg/dl) Inulin Clearance (ml/min per 1.73m 2 ) 1.0 0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 20 0

Acute Renal failure– Definitions, Facts and Figures ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Acute vs Chronic (ARF vs progression of chronic kidney disease) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

acute renal failure: common clinical features ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Acute Renal Failure Classification ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Acute Renal Failure Pre-renal Causes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Pre-Renal Azotemia Pathophysiology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Renal Blood Flow ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Pre-renal ARF ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Pre-renal ARF ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Pre-renal ARF ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Pre-renal ARF ,[object Object],[object Object]

Pre-renal ARF Urine Electrolytes ,[object Object],[object Object]

Urine Electrolytes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object]

Renal or Intrinsic ARF ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Renal or Intrinsic ARF ,[object Object],[object Object]

Renal or Intrinsic ARF – Vascular Type ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Renal or Intrinsic AKI – Vascular Type ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Atheroembolic ARF ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Renal or Intrinsic ARF – Glomerular ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],RBC Casts

Renal or Intrinsic ARF – Glomerular ,[object Object]

Renal or Intrinsic ARF – Interstitial ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Renal or Intrinsic ATN – Acute Tubular Necrosis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Renal or Intrinsic ATN – Acute Tubular Necrosis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Renal or Intrinsic ATN – Acute Tubular Necrosis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Acute Tubular Necrosis ,[object Object]

Acute Renal Failure Nephrotoxic ATN ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Acute Interstitial Nephritis Causes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Allergic Interstitial Nephritis Clinical Characteristics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Acute Interstitial Nephritis ,[object Object]

Cholesterol Embolization ,[object Object]

Contrast-Induced ARF Prevalence ,[object Object],[object Object]

Contrast-Induced ARF Risk Factors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Contrast-induced ARF Clinical Characteristics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Contrast-induced ARF Prophylactic Strategies ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Acute Renal Failure Post-renal Causes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Acute Renal Failure Post-renal ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Post-Renal ARF Obstructive ARF ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Post-Renal ARF Obstructive ARF ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Acute Renal Failure Diagnostic Tools ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Distinguishing tubulo-interstitial disease from Pre-Renal ARF ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Red Blood Cell Cast ,[object Object]

Red Blood Cells ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Renal Tubular Epithelial Cell Cast

Pigmented Granular Casts ,[object Object]

Urine Chemistries Fractional Excretion of Na and Urea ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

renal indices ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Prerenal azotemia: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Renal azotemia: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Acute Renal Failure Urine Volume ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

urine and serum laboratory values

Acute Tubular Necrosis Clinical Characteristics 25% 50% Mortality 26% 84% Dialysis required 3.1 + 0.5 6.8 + 1.4 FE Na (%) 50 + 5 68 + 6 U Na (mEq/L) 1,280 + 75 < 400 UV (ml/24h) 30% 8% Toxin-induced 59% 41% Incidence Non-Oliguric ATN Oliguric ATN Characteristic

acute renal failure: prevention ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Treatment of ARF ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

GENERAL PROTOCOL FOR MANAGEMENT ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

acute renal failure: fluid therapy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

sodium ,[object Object],[object Object]

potassium ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

nutrition ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Treatment of ARF – Indications for Dialysis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

ARF -- Summary ,[object Object],[object Object]

ARF – Summary (cont…) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

ARF – Summary (cont…) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Acute renal failure

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Acute renal failure