Defines the policy,lists the main features of a policy , the step by step process of policy formulation and implementation,describes the criteria to judge the efficacy and chances of success of policy and lastly the weaknesses of policy formulation in a developing country like Pakistan
2. Introduction
What is policy
Sources of policy formulation
Policy formulation process
Features of a good policy
Policy formulation in developing countries-Pakistan’s
Experience
Conclusion
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3. Quality of governance in a country is dependent on its capacity to
effectively formulate and implement sound socioeconomic policies.
Although policy formulation is the responsibility of the elected
members, its implementation rests with the public servants.
However civil servants also play a pivotal role in policy
formulation as they prepare/vet the draft policy.
This presentation explains the way policies are formulated, the
steps involved and the activities to be performed in the various
steps
Its EBook version is available at Amazon at the following URL
http://www.amazon.com/Public-Policy-Formulation-Analysis-
Hussain-ebook/dp/B01672SU10/ref=asap_bc?ie=UTF8
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4. Formal documented statement of intentions and
actions of an organization/authority either to remove
certain deficiencies or to improve the conditions in any
particular area
“whatever governments choose to do or not to do”
Thomas Dye (1987)
“Purposive course of action or inaction undertaken by
an actor or a set of actors in dealing with a problem or
matter of concern”
Anderson (1994)
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5. Not a random act, rather a deliberate action
Approved by public representatives, applicable by
state apparatus
Not a piece of legislation but has its own sanctity
Distinct from strategy to implement it
It could be a part of an overall development policy i.e.
National Development Strategy or it could be a
specific departmental policy i.e. Food Security Policy
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6. Statement of Facts-why need for this policy
General Clauses- definitions of terms used
Policy Directions-broad outlines of what to do
Policy Measures-specific actions by whom
Institutional Mechanism-responsible authorities
Repeal Clauses-redundant clauses
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7. Societal structural changes-demographic transition,
economic transformation,
Regime change- new political elite may have new vision,
mission and agenda for which
Donors/world institutions-their aid may be contingent
upon certain policy changes, structural changes
Global commitments-state enters into international
conventions which normally need local policy formulation
Pressure groups-industrial ,agricultural lobbies, social
causes advocacy groups can force state for this
Court Orders-Superior courts orders for formulating clear
policies or review an existing policy while hearing any case
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8. Initiation of policy process
Policy formulation
Policy implementation
Policy monitoring and evaluation
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9. PHASE- 1
Establishment of a task force
PHASE -2
Diagnosis of the situation
PHASE-3
Production of a first/second draft of the policy
PHASE- 4
Presented for endorsement.
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10. The concerned ministry gets its approval
from the competent authority, usually the
minister in charge
In case of multisectoral policy- the cabinet
If it affects the provinces-Council of
Common Interests (CCI)
Once approved ,it is formally notified
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11. Once approved ,the civil servants execute it
Prepare strategy to implement it-procedures or
programmes or both
Correct interpretation is the essence of ethics
Go for positives, empathy while interpreting it
Remember every precedent is not to be followed
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12. Essential element of policy cycle
Effective in achieving the objective ?
Take mid-term corrections where needed
Periodic revision of the policy
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13. Legal/Constitutional Validity-no action against law
Internal Consistency- comprehensive, no contradiction
External Consistency-no clash with other policies
Technical Feasibility-proposed projects are practicable
Resources Availability-adequate recourses ensured
Financial Viability- proposed projects self financing
Economic Benefits-if not self financing, then externalities
Social Acceptance-not against social norms and values
Political Commitment- fit within political culture
Environmental Compliance-climate change etc
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14. Mixed Bag-good policies also bad policies
Procedural mismatch-mostly made by bureaucrats
Institutional overstepping-foreign policy by army
Structural flaws-contradictions, inconsistencies
Evaluation failure-monitoring mid term or final
Personality imprints-die with the champion person
Global influences-too much influence of WB/IMF
Implementation inadequacies-bureaucratic failure
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15. Thank you for viewing the presentation
If you liked it, kindly do express your opinion in the
column below.
Its detailed EBook version is available at Amazon
Please download it at the following URL@US$ 2.99,
http://www.amazon.com/Public-Policy-
Formulation-Analysis-Hussain-
ebook/dp/B01672SU10/ref=asap_bc?ie=UTF8
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