Presentation on Comparative study Of concrete using Recycled coarse aggregates

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF
CONCRETE USING RECYCLED
COARSE AGGREGATES
Project presentation on

Introduction and overviewWhat we have done so far..............................an overview
•Necessity of Recycled Coarse Aggregate
•Eighth - five year plan in India investigated that there is a shortage of coarse aggregates in
housing & road sectors.
•In large developing countries like India, China & Japan there is a large amount of concrete &
demolition waste generation due to new zoning bye laws, modified settlement patterns ,
increased population, in urban areas due to industrial development, modernization of old
road bridges for present and future growing traffic etc.
•To achieve sustainable development.
•Central Pollution Control Board has estimated that the solid waste generation in India is
about 48 million tonnes per annum of which 25% is from the construction industry.
•Recycling of concrete is a relatively simple process. It involves breaking,
removing, and crushing existing concrete into a material with a specified size
and quality.
•Recycled concrete aggregates contain not only the original aggregates, but also
hydrated cement paste.This paste reduces the specific gravity and increases the
porosity compared to similar virgin aggregates. Higher porosity of RCA leads to a
higher absorption.

LITERATURE REVIEW
Case studies carried out by : Remarks
K K Sagoe-Crentsil, T Brown, A H
Taylor (2001)
Water absorption rates and carbonation of recycled concrete and
reference concrete were almost comparable for most applications
C S Poon, Z H Shui, L Lam, H
Fok, S C Kou (2004
The result suggested that an AD aggregate that contains not more
than 50% recycled aggregate is optimum for producing the normal
strength recycled aggregate concrete.
Valeria Corinaldesi (2010) Results obtained showed that structural concrete can be
manufactured by replacing 30% virgin aggregates with recycled
concrete aggregate
Tsung – Yueh Tu, Yuen – Yuen
Chen & Chao-Lung Hwang (2006)
It was found that specific gravity, water absorption capacity,
gradation, soundness and wear resistance of recycled aggregate
were worse than natural aggregate due to presence of residual
mortar and impurities and a reduction of 20%-30% in
compressive strength was noticed due to addition of recycled
aggregate.
Khaldoun Rahal(2007) The trends in the development of compressive and shear
strength and the strain at peak stress in recycled
aggregate concrete were similar to those in natural
aggregate concrete
arid Debieb, Luc Courard,
Said Kenai & Robert
Degeimbre (2010)
It was found that contamination of recycled aggregate
does not seem to have significant effect on mechanical
properties upto 28 days of age

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
Experiments performed by us :
FINE AGGREGATE EXPERIMENT
o SIEVE ANALYSIS OF FINE AGGREGATES
o SILT CONTENT IN FINE AGGREGATES
o BULKING OF SAND
o SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF SAND
COARSE AGGREGATE EXPERIMENT
o CRUSHING VALUE OF COARSE AGGREGATES
o IMPACT VALUE OF COARSE AGGREGATE
o SPECIFIC GRAVITY AND WATER ABSORPTION OF COARSE AGGREGATE
LARGER THAN 10MM
o SIEVE ANALYSIS OF COARSE AGGREGATE.

CEMENT EXPERIMENT
o NORMAL CONSISTENCY OF CEMENT
o INITIAL & FINAL SETTING TIME OF CEMENT
o SOUNDNESS OF CEMENT
o COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CEMENT
RECYCLED COARSE AGGREGATE
EXPERIMENT
o CRUSHING VALUE OF RECYCLED COARSE AGGREGATE
o IMPACT VALUE OF RECYCLED COARSE AGGREGATE
o SPECIFIC GRAVITY AND WATER ABSORPTION OF RECYCLED
COARSE AGGREGATE LARGER THAN 10MM
o SIEVE ANALYSIS OF RECYCLED COARSE AGGREGATE
Experiments performed by us :
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

o SIEVE ANALYSIS OF FINE AGGREGATES
o SILT CONTENT IN FINE AGGREGATES
o BUCKLING OF SAND
Experiments of Fine Aggregates
SIEVE ANALYSIS OF FINE AGGREGATES
Apparatus:
•Set of 7 sieves(10mm, 4.75mm, 2.36mm, 1.18mm, 600micron, 300micron, 150
micron ,pan) for F.M. value of coarse aggregate.
•Weighing balance (5kg)
•Sieve shaker
IS Sieve Size Weight Retained
(Grams)
Cumulative Weight
Retained (Grams)
Cumulative Percentage
Weight Retained (F)
Cumulative Percentage
Weight Passing
10 mm 0 0 0 0
4.75 mm 0 0 0 0
2.36 mm 58 58 5.8 94.2
1.18 mm 243 301 30.1 69.9
600 micron 175 476 47.6 52.4
300 micron 168 644 64.4 35.6
150 micron 163 807 80.7 19.3
RESULT: Fineness modulus of fine Aggregate= Sum of F/100 = 228.6/100
F.M. = 2.286
Zone of Aggregate: fine aggregate ( 1st zone)

SILTCONTENTIN FINEAGGREGATES
Sample no. Silt level H1
(ml)
Sand level H2
(ml)
% of silt
content
(H1/H2)*100
Average % of
silt content
1. 25 220 11.36
2. 30 210 14.28 11.58%
3. 20 220 9.09
4. 25 215 11.62
Apparatus:
•1000 ml glass measuring cylinder.
RESULT: Silt Content= 11.58%

BULKINGOFSAND
S. no. Height of sand in
containers H1 (ml)
Ht. of sand in
container when
container is filled
with water H2 (ml)
% Bulking of sand
(H1-H2/H2)* 100
1. 270 255 5.88
2. 270 240 12.5
Apparatus:
•Balance, measuring cylinder 250ml capacity.
RESULT: Bulking of sand= 12.5%

SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF FINE AGGREGATE
Apparatus:
•pycnometer
SPECIFIC GRAVITY:
W1= Weight of empty Pycnometer= 618gm
W2= Weight of pycnometer with fine aggregate= 828gm
W3= W2+weight of water required to fill the pycnometer= 1789gm
W4= W1+weight of water required to fill the pycnometer completly= 1646gm
Specific gravity of coarse aggregate=(W2-W1)/[(W2-W1)-(W3-W4)]
=(986-618)/[(986-618)-(1861-1646)]
Specific gravity =2.4

Experiments of Coarse
Aggregates oCRUSHING VALUE OF COARSE AGGREGATES
o SPECIFIC GRAVITY AND WATER ABSORPTION OF COARSE AGGREGATE
LARGER THAN 10MM
o SIEVE ANALYSIS OF COARSE AGGREGATE
CRUSHINGVALUE OF COARSE AGGREGATES
Apparatus:
• Steel cylinder with open ends, and internal dia 15.2cm, square base plate plunger
having a piston of dia 15 cm, with a hole provided across the stem of the plunger so that
a rod could be inserted for lifting or placing the plunger in the cylinder.
• Cylindrical measuring having internal dia of 11.5cm and height 18cm.
• Steel temping rod with one rounded end, having a dia of 1.6cm and length 45 to60cm.
• Balance of capacity 3kg with accuracy upto 1gm.
• Compressions testing machine capable of applying load of 400 KN at a uniform rate of
loading of 40KN/min.
• IS Sieve of size 12.5mm, 10mm & 2.36mm.
• Oven: a thermostatically controlled drying oven capable of maintaining constant
temperature between 100 °C to 110 °C.

Sample.
No.
Total
weight of
dry
sample
(W1) gm
Weight of
fines
passing
2.36 mm
IS Sieve
(W2) gm
Aggregate
crushing
Value =
(W2/W1)*
100 %
Average
Aggregate
crushing
Value=
avg. of
column (4)
1. 2726 538 19.73 19.315
2. 2760 520 18.90
RESULT: Aggregate crushing value= 19.315%

IMPACT VALUE OF COARSE AGGREGATE
Apparatus:
 Impact testing machine
 Tamping rod of dia 1cm and 23cm long,
rounded at one end.
 Sieve of size 12.5mm, 10mm & 2.36mm.
 Balance of capacity 3kg with accuracy
upto 1gm.
 Oven: a thermostatically controlled
drying oven capable of maintaining
constant temperature between 100° C
to 110 ° C.

Sample. No. Total weight
of dry sample
(W1) gm
Weight of
fines passing
2.36 mm IS
Sieve (W2)
gm
Aggregate
Impact
Value =
(W2/W1)*100
%
Average
Aggregate
Impact
Value= avg.
of column (4)
1. 238 74 28.68 33.32
2. 237 90 37.97
Result: Aggregate ImpactValue=33.32%

SPECIFIC GRAVITYANDWATER ABSORPTIONOF
COARSEAGGREGATELARGER THAN10MM
Apparatus:
 A balance of capacity about 3kg. to weigh
accurate to 0.5gm.
 A thermostatically controlled oven to maintain
temperature of 100 C to 110 C.
 A density basket of not more than 6.3mm mesh
and it has approximate 20cm dia and 20cm
height.
 A container for filling water and suspending the
basket.
 A shallow tray and two dry absorbent
clothes,each not less than 75x45cm.

 SPECIFIC GRAVITY:
 W1=Weight of empty Pycnometer= 618gm
 W2=Weight of pycnometer with the coarse aggregate= 718.5gm
 W3=W2+weight of water required to fill the pycnometer=
1708.5gm
 W4=W1+weight of water required to fill the pycnometer
completly= 1647.5gm
 Specific gravity of coarse aggregate=(W2-W1)/[(W2-W1)-(W3-W4
=(718.5-618)/[(718.5-618)-(1708.5-1647.5)]

WATER ABSORPTION:
 W1=Weight in grams of the saturated surface
dry addregate in air= 2006gm
 W2=Weight in grams of oven dried addregate
in air= 1988gm
 Water absorption of coarse
aggregate=100(W1-W2)/W2 =100(2006-
1988)/1988
Water absorption =0.905%

SIEVE ANALYSIS OF COARSE AGGREGATE
Apparatus:
•Set of 11 sieves(80mm,40mm, 20mm,
10mm, 4.75mm, 2.36mm, 1.18mm,
600micron, 300 micron,150micron,pan) for
F.M. value of coarse aggregate.
•Weighing balance(5 kg)
•Sieve shaker

IS Sieve Size Weight
Retained
(grams)
Cumulative
Weight
Retained
(grams)
Cumulative
Percentage
Weight
Retained (F)
Cumulative
Percentage
Weight Passing
80 mm 0 0 0 0
40 mm 0 0 0 0
20 mm 0 0 0 0
10 mm 1584 1584 79.2 20.8
4.75 mm 366 1950 97.5 2.50
2.36 mm 50 2000 100 0
1.18 mm 0 2000 100 0
600 micron 0 2000 100 0
300 micron 0 2000 100 0
150 micron 0 2000 100 0
PAN 0 2000 100 0
RESULT: Fineness Modulus of coarse Aggregate= sum of F/100
= 775.7/100
F.M.= 7.757

Apparatus:
 Vicat’s apparatus, with plunger(10 mm dia, 50 mm height,90 gm weight)
 Suspended load on plunger 300 gm
 Vicat Mould(internal dia at lower and upper end 80mm and 70mm and
height 40mm)
 Measuring cylinder (200ml capacity)
 Glass plate 12cm*12cm*4mm
 Trowel
 Weighing balance
NORMAL CONSISTENCY OF CEMENT
CEMENT EXPERIMENT
oNORMAL CONSISTENCY OF CEMENT
oINITIAL & FINAL SETTING TIME OF
CEMENT
oSOUNDNESS OF CEMENT

RESULT: Normal Consistency of Cement = 32% by weight of dry Cement
S.NO. Weight of
Cement (gm)
Percentage of
water
Volume of
water (ml)
Position of
plunger from
bottom (after
penetration)
(mm)
1. 400 25 100 35
2. 400 27 108 28
3. 400 30 120 17
4. 400 31 124 10
5. 400 32 128 5

INITIAL & FINAL SETTING TIME OF
CEMENT
For calculation of initial & final setting time of cement weigh 400 gms of
cement and prepare a cement paste with (.85P) times water required to make
the paste of normal consistency.
Apparatus:
 Vicat’s apparatus, with standard
needles(1 mm SQ) and conical
ring(5 mm dia)
 Vicat Mould(internal dia at lower
and upper end 80mm and 70mm
and height 40mm)
 Measuring cylinder(200 ml
capacity)
 Stop watch and balance
 Glass plate 12cm*12cm*4mm

RESULT: Initial SettingTime of cement is found as 3 hours 10 min.
S.No. Penetration of the
needle from bottom
(mm)
Time (min)
1. 0 20
2. 0 40
3. 0 60
4. 0 80
5. 0 100
6. 0 120
7. 1 140
8. 1 150
9. 2 160
10. 3 170
11. 4 180
12. 5 190

FINAL SETTING TIME OF CEMENT
RESULT: Final setting time of cement is found as 5 hr. 10 min.
S.No. Impression of
needle (yes/no)
Impression of
annular collar
(yes/no)
Time (hr. & min.)
1. yes yes 3 hr 10 min
8.
yes yes 5 hr 10 min
10. yes no 5 hr 30 min

SOUNDNESS OF CEMENT
Apparatus:
 Le- Chatelier apparatus
 Glass plate
 Weight Balance
 Measuring cylinder 100 ml capacity
For soundness, cement is gauged with .78 times the water required fo
standard consistency i.e. (.78P)
S.No. Initial Reading (E1)
(cm)
Final Reading (E2)
(cm)
Expansion (E2-E1)
(cm)
1. 1.3 1.6 0.3
2. 1.2 1.6 0.4
3. 1.1 1.4 0.3
RESULT: Soundness of Cement= 0.33 cm

SPECIFICGRAVITYOF CEMENT(OPC)
Apparatus:
 A balance of capacity about 3kg. to weigh accurate to 0.5gm.
 A thermostatically controlled oven to maintain temperature of 100 C to 110 C.
 A density basket of not more than 6.3mm mesh and it has approximate 20cm dia
and 20cm height.
 A container for filling water and suspending the basket.
 A shallow tray and two dry absorbent clothes,each not less than 75*45cm.
SPECIFICGRAVITY:
W1= Weight of empty Pycnometer= 618gm
W2= Weight of pycnometer and the cement content= 828gm
W3=W2+weight of water required to fill the pycnometer= 1789gm
W4= W1+weight of water required to fill the pycnometer completly= 1646gm
=(828-618)/[(828-618)-(1789-1646)]

S.NO. TYPE OF
CEMENT
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CEMENT (N/mm2)
GRADE 3DAYS 7DAYS
1 OPC 43 27.28 35.1
2 OPC 43 20.86 34.8
3 OPC 43 16.85 35.35
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CEMENT

RECYCLED COARSEAGGREGATE
EXPERIMENT
oCRUSHING VALUE OF COARSE AGGREGATES
o SPECIFIC GRAVITY AND WATER ABSORPTION OF
COARSE AGGREGATE
LARGER THAN 10MM
o SIEVE ANALYSIS OF COARSE AGGREGATE
CRUSHING VALUE OF RECYCLED COARSE
AGGREGATE
Apparatus:
•Steel cylinder with open ends, and internal dia 15.2cm, square base plate plunger
having a piston of dia 15 cm, with a hole provided across the stem of the plunger so
that a rod could be inserted for lifting or placing the plunger in the cylinder.
•Cylindrical measuring having internal dia of 11.5cm and height 18cm.
•Steel temping rod with one rounded end, having a dia of 1.6cm and length 45 to
60cm.
•Balance of capacity 3kg with accuracy upto 1gm.
•Compressions testing machine capable of applying load of 400 KN at a uniform
rate of loading of 40KN/min.
•IS Sieve of size 12.5mm, 10mm & 2.36mm.
•Oven: a thermostatically controlled drying oven capable of maintaining constant
temperature between 100 C to 110 C.

Sample No. Total Weight of
Dry Sample
(W1) (gm)
Weight of fines
passing 2.36 mm
IS Sieve (W2)
(gm)
Aggregate
Crushing Value=
(W2/W1)*100 %
Avg. aggregate
crushing value=
Average of
column (4)
1. 2318 657 28.44 28.28
2. 2310 650 28.13
RESULT: Aggregate CrushingValue= 28.28%

IMPACT VALUE OF RECYCLED COARSE
AGGREGATEApparatus:
 Impact testing machine
 Tamping rod of dia 1cm and 23cm long, rounded at one end.
 Sieve of size 12.5mm, 10mm & 2.36mm.
 Balance of capacity 3kg with accuracy upto 1gm.
 Oven: a thermostatically controlled drying oven capable of maintaining
constant temperature between 100 C to 110 C.
Sample No. Total Weight
of Dry Sample
(W1) (gm)
Weight of fines
passing 2.36
mm IS Sieve
(W2) (gm)
Aggregate
Impact Value=
(W2/W1)*100
%
Avg. aggregate
Impact value=
Average of
column (4)
1. 218 77 35 31
2. 285 77 27.01
 RESULT: Aggregate ImpactValue= 31%

SPECIFIC GRAVITYAND WATER
ABSORPTION OF RECYCLEDCOARSEAGGREGATELARGERTHAN
10MM
Apparatus:
 A balance of capacity about 3kg. to weigh accurate to 0.5gm.
 A thermostatically controlled oven to maintain temperature of 100 C to 110
C.
 A density basket of not more than 6.3mm mesh and it has approximate
20cm dia and 20cm height.
 A container for filling water and suspending the basket.
 A shallow tray and two dry absorbent clothes,each not less than 75*45cm.

SPECIFIC GRAVITY:
W1=Weight of empty Pycnometer= 618gm
W2=Weight of pycnometer with recycled coarse aggregate= 778.5gm
W3=W2+weight of water required to fill the pycnometer= 1700gm
W4=W1+weight of water required to fill the pycnometer completly= 1647.5gm
=(778.5-618)/[(778.5-618)-(1700-1647.5)]
WATER ABSORPTION:
W1=Weight in grams of the saturated surface dry addregate in air= 2100gm
W2=Weight in grams of oven dried addregate in air= 1941gm
Water absorption of coarse aggregate=100(W1-W2)/W2
=100(2100-1941)/1941
Water absorption =8.19%

SIEVE ANALYSIS OF RECYCLED
COARSEAGGREGATE
Apparatus:
 Set of 11 sieves(80mm,40mm, 20mm, 10mm, 4.75mm,
2.36mm, 1.18mm, 600micron, 300
micron,150micron,pan)
 Weighing balance
 Sieve shaker

RESULT: Fineness Modulus of Recycled Coarse Aggregate= Sum of F/100
= 790.35/100
F.M. = 7.90
IS Sieve Size Weight
Retained
(gm)
Cumulative Weight
Retained (gm)
Cumulative
Percentage
Weight
Retained (F)
Cumulative
Percentage
Weight
Passing
80 mm 0 0 0 0
40 mm 0 0 0 0
20 mm 29 29 1.45 98.55
10 mm 1750 1779 88.95 11.05
4.75 mm 220 1999 99.95 0.05
2.36 mm 1 2000 100 0
1.18 mm 0 2000 100 0
600 micron 0 2000 100 0
300 micron 0 2000 100 0
150 micron 0 2000 100 0
PAN 0 2000 100 0

MIX Design for M25 Concrete USING
FRESH COARSEAGGREGATE (IS 10262-
1982)
(MIX A)To do mix design for M25
Cement used- OPC 43 grade
a) (fck)28 days = 25 N/mm2 (MPa)
b) workability (medium slump)
we know that, ft=fck+t*s
Where,
ft= target average compressive strength at 28 days
fck= characteristic compressive strength at 28 days
s= standard deviation
t= a statistic, depending upon the accepted proportion of low
results and the number of tests(value should be taken from
table no.2 of IS 10262-1982)

Now taking t=1.65(as per IS 456-1978and IS 1343-1980,the characteristic strength is defined as
that value below which not more than 5 percent (1 in 20)results are expected tofall. In such
case, the above equation will reduce to:
Ft=Fck+1.65s
now,
s=5.3 for M25 Good quality control
Ft=33.745N/mm2
for water cement ratio=0.42 as perfigure 1 of IS 10262-1982
now,
28dayscement compressive strength= 53N/mm2
for water cement ratio=0.475as per figure 2 of IS 10262-1982
design for normal concrete using normal coarse aggregate
1) air content- for MAS20mm=2%
MAS water content per
cubic meter of
concrete
sand as percent of
total aggregate by
absolute volume
20 186 35

For M25 concrete, fine aggregate zone 2, water-cementratio-0.6
compact factor- 0.8
now takingthe workability- medium-slumpvalue= 50 to 100
compaction factor= 0.92(ref. MS Shetty page no. 225)
now taking the condition as moderate-designfor reinforced concrete
min. cementcontent= 400 kg/m3 (300)
max.water- cementratio= 0.5 (taken 0.475for M25)
Adjustment of values in water content and sand percentage for other conditions
change adjustment required in
(1) Water content
(2)
Percentage, sand in total
aggregate (3)
Decrease in w/c ratio
(0.6-0.475)=0.125
0 -3.0
Increase in compacting factor
(0.92-0.8)=0.12
+3.0 0
Sand conforming to zone 1 0 +1.5
+3.0 -1.5

Required sand content as a %of total aggregate byabsolute volume=35-1.5=33.5%
required water content,V=186+(186*3/100)
V=191.61kg/m3
determination of cement content,
w/c ratio=0.475
water=191.61kg/m3
cement= 191.61/0.475=403.368kg/m3 (>300kg/m3)
Required sand content as a % of total aggregate byabsolute volume=35-1.5=33.5%
V=191.61kg/m3
w/c ratio=0.475
water=191.61kg/m3
cement= 191.61/0.475=403.368kg/m3 (>300kg/m3)

determination of coarse and fine aggregate
fine aggregate:
0.98=[191.61+(403.368/3.164)+{(1/0.335)*(fa/2.4183)}]/100
fa=535.426 kg/m3
coarse aggregate:
0.98=[191.61+(403.368/3.164)+{(1/0.665)*(Ca/2.54)}]/100
Ca=1116.3486 kg/m3
the mix proportionthen become:-
water=191.6 kg
cement=403.368 kg
sand=535.426 kg
coarse aggregate=1116.3486 kg

Then,ratio of actual quantities required for mix per beg of cement,
water:cement:sand:coarse aggregate=0.475:1:1.3273:2.767
now for 50 kgcement;
sand=66.365kg
coarse aggregate=138.35kg
a) water=23.75leters
b) extra water to be added for absord by coarse aggregate taking @ 0.90%by mass=(.90/100)*138.35
=1.245(+)
c) quqntity of water to bededucted for freemoisturepresent inthe sand, 1% by mass=(1/100)*66.365
=0.66365
actual quantity of water to be added=23.75+1.245-0.66365
=24.33135liters
actual quantity of sand required after absorbing the free moisture=66.365+0.66365
=67.02865kg

actualmix constituentsfor1 beg ofcement;
water=24.33leters
cement=50kg
sand=67.028kg
coarseaggregate=137.105kg
for1 cuberatioofthe constituentsare0.486:1:1.3405:2.742
for 9 cubes ratio of theconsitituentsare
6.804:14:18.767:38.388

MIX Design for M25 Concrete USING
RECYCLED COARSE AGGREGATE (IS
10262-1982) (MIX B)
To do mix design for M25
Cement used-OPC 43 grade
(fck)28 days = 25 N/mm2 (MPa)
workability (medium slump)
we know that, ft=fck+t*s
Where,
ft= target average compressive strength at 28 days
fck= characteristic compressive strength at 28 days
s= standard deviation
t= a statistic, depending upon the accepted proportion of low results and the number of
tests(value should be taken from table no.2 of IS 10262-1982)
Now taking t=1.65 (as per IS 456-1978 and IS 1343-1980, the characteristic strength is defined as
that value below which not more than 5 percent (1 in 20) results are expected to fall. In such
case, the above equation will reduce to:
Ft=Fck+1.65s
now,

 s=5.3 for M25 Good quality control
Ft=33.745 N/mm2
for water cement ratio=0.42 as per figure 1 of IS 10262-1982
now,
28 days cement compressive strength= 53 N/mm2
1) air content- for MAS 40mm= 1%

MAS water content per
cubic meter of
concrete
sand as percent of
total aggregate by
absolute volume
40 165 30

 For M25 concrete, fine aggregate zone 2, water-
cement ratio-0.6
compact factor- 0.8
now taking the workability- medium-slump value= 50
to 100
compaction factor= 0.92 (ref. MS Shetty page no. 225)
now taking the condition as moderate-design for
reinforced concrete
min. cement content= 300 kg/m3
max. water- cement ratio= 0.5 (taken 0.475 for M25)

Adjustment of values in water content and sand percentage
for other conditions
(1) Water content
(2)
Percentage, sand in
total aggregate (3)
(0.6-0.475)=0.125
0 -3.0
Increase in compacting
factor (0.9-0.8)=0.1
+3.0 0
Sand conforming to
zone 2
0 +1.5
+3.0 -1.5

 Required sand content as a % of total aggregate by absolute
volume=30-1.5=28.5%
V=169.95 kg/m3
 V=170 kg/m3
w/c ratio=0.475
water=170kg/m3
cement= 170/0.475=357.89 kg/m3 (>300 kg/m3)
 = 358 kg/m3
 determination of coarse and fine aggregate
fine aggregate:
 1-0.01=0.99=[170+(358/3.164)+{(1/0.285)*(fa/2.41)}]/1000
fa=483.486 kg/m3
coarse aggregate:

 0.99=[170+(368/3.164)+{(1/0.715)*(Ca/2.54)}]/1000
Ca=1283.64 kg/m3
the mix proportion then become:-
water=170 kg
cement=358 kg
sand=483.486 kg
 Then,ratio of actual quantities required for mix per beg of cement,
now for 50 kg cement;
sand=67.5 kg
water=23.75 leters
extra water to be added for absord by recycled coarse aggregate
taking @ 8.19% by mass=(8.19/100)*179.25
=14.68(+)
quantity of water to be deducted for free moisture present in the
sand, 1% by mass=(1/100)*67.5
=0.675(-)

 actual quantity of water to be added=23.75+14.68-
0.675
=37.755 liters
actual quantity of sand required after absorbing the
free moisture=67.5+0.675
=68.175 kg
 Actual quantity of recycled coarse aggregate
required=179.25-14.68=164.57kg
actual mix constituents for 1 beg of cement;
water=37.755 leters
cement=50 kg
sand=68.175 kg
for 1 cube ratio of the constituents are
0.755:1:1.363:3.2914
for 9 cubes ratio of the consitituents are
10.57:14:19.082:46.06

MIX Design for M25 Concrete USING RIVER SAND AND
STONE DUST AS SAND FOR NORMAL COARSE AGGREGATE
(IS 10262-1982) (MIX C)
 To do mix design for M25
 Cement used- OPC 43 grade
 (fck)28 days = 25 N/mm2 (MPa)
 b) workability (medium slump)
 we know that, ft=fck+t*s
 Where,
 ft= target average compressive strength at 28 days
 fck= characteristic compressive strength at 28 days
 s= standard deviation
 t= a statistic, depending upon the accepted proportion of low results and
the number of tests(value should be taken from table no.2 of IS 10262-1982)
 Now taking t=1.65 (as per IS 456-1978 and IS 1343-1980, the characteristic
strength is defined as that value below which not more than 5 percent (1 in
20) results are expected to fall. In such case, the above equation will reduce
to:

 Ft=Fck+1.65s
now,
Ft=33.745 N/mm2
for water cement ratio=0.42 as per figure 1 of IS 10262-
1982
now,
for water cement ratio=0.475 as per figure 2 of IS 10262-
1982
design for normal concrete using normal coarse
aggregate

MAS water content per cubic
meter of concrete
sand as percent of total
aggregate by absolute
volume
20 186 35
For M25 concrete, fine aggregate zone 2, water-cement ratio-0.6
compact factor- 0.8
now taking the workability- medium-slump value= 50 to 100
now taking the condition as moderate-design for reinforced concrete

Adjustment of values in water content and sand
percentage for other conditions
(1) Water content
(2)
aggregate (3)
(0.6-0.475)=0.125
0 -3.0
factor (0.9-0.8)=0.1
+3.0 0
Sand conforming to zone
4
0 -3.0
+3.0 -6

 Required sand content as a % of total aggregate by absolute
volume=35-6=29%
V=191.6 kg/m3
 determination of cement content,
w/c ratio=0.475
water=191.6kg/m3
cement= 191.6/0.475=403.368 kg/m3 (>300 kg/m3)
fine aggregate:
 1-0.02=0.98=[191.6+(403.37/3.164)+{(1/0.29)*(fa/2.58)}]/1000
fa=494.36 kg/m3
coarse aggregate:
 0.98=[191.6+(403.37/3.164)+{(1/0.71)*(Ca/2.54)}]/1000
Ca=1191.9 kg/m3

 water=191.6 kg
cement=403.368 kg
sand=494.36 kg
sand=61.275 kg
water=23.75 leters
extra water to be added for absord by normal coarse aggregate taking
@ 0.90% by mass=(.90/100)*147.75
=1.33(+)
quantity of water to be deducted for free moisture present in the sand,
1% by mass=(1/100)*61.275
=0.612(-)
actual quantity of water to be added=23.75+1.33-0.612
=24.47 liters
actual quantity of sand required after absorbing the free
moisture=61.275+0.612
=61.89 kg

 Actual quantity of coarse aggregate
required=147.75-1.33=146.42 kg
water=24.47 leters
cement=50 kg
sand=61.89 kg
for 1 cube ratio of the constituents are
0.489:1:1.238:2.93
6.846:14:17.332:41.02


STONE DUST AS SAND FOR RECYCLED COARSE AGGREGATE
(IS 10262-1982) (MIX D)
 Cement used- OPC 43 grade
 Where,
 ft= target average compressive strength at
28 days
 fck= characteristic compressive strength at
28 days

 t= a statistic, depending upon the accepted proportion of low
results and the number of tests(value should be taken from
table no.2 of IS 10262-1982)
 Now taking t=1.65 (as per IS 456-1978 and IS 1343-1980, the
characteristic strength is defined as that value below which
not more than 5 percent (1 in 20) results are expected to fall. In
such case, the above equation will reduce to:
Ft=Fck+1.65s
now,
Ft=33.745 N/mm2
now,

meter of concrete
volume
20 186 35
compact factor- 0.8
Adjustment of values in water content and sand percentage for other
conditions

(1) Water content
(2)
aggregate (3)
(0.6-0.475)=0.125
0 -3.0
factor (0.9-0.8)=0.1
+3.0 0
4
0 -3.0
+3.0 -6
Required sand content as a % of total aggregate by absolute volume=35-6=29%
V=191.6 kg/m3

 determination of cement content,
w/c ratio=0.475
water=191.6kg/m3
cement= 191.6/0.475=403.368 kg/m3 (>300 kg/m3)
fine aggregate:
 1-
0.02=0.98=[191.6+(403.37/3.164)+{(1/0.29)*(fa/2.58)}]/1000
fa=494.36 kg/m3
coarse aggregate:
 0.98=[191.6+(403.37/3.164)+{(1/0.71)*(Ca/2.54)}]/1000
Ca=1191.9 kg/m3

 water=191.6 kg
cement=403.368 kg
sand=494.36 kg
sand=61.275 kg
water=23.75 leters
extra water to be added for absord by recycled coarse aggregate taking
@ 8.19% by mass=(8.19/100)*147.75
=12.09(+)
quantity of water to be deducted for free moisture present in the sand,
1% by mass=(1/100)*61.275
=0.612(-)

 actual quantity of water to be added=23.75+12.09-0.612
=35.227 liters
moisture=61.275+0.612
=61.89 kg
 Actual quantity of coarse aggregate required=147.75-
12.09=135.09 kg
water=35.227 leters
cement=50 kg
sand=61.89 kg
for 1 cube ratio of the constituents are 0.7045:1:1.238:2.7122
9.863:14:17.332:37.9708

STONE DUST AS SAND AND PPC CEMENT FOR NORMAL
COARSE AGGREGATE (IS 10262-1982) (MIX E)
 Cement used- PPC
 Where,
 t= a statistic, depending upon the accepted
proportion of low results and the number of tests(value
should be taken from table no.2 of IS 10262-1982)

 Now taking t=1.65 (as per IS 456-1978 and IS 1343-1980, the
characteristic strength is defined as that value below which
not more than 5 percent (1 in 20) results are expected to fall. In
such case, the above equation will reduce to:
Ft=Fck+1.65s
now,
Ft=33.745 N/mm2
now,

meter of concrete
volume
20 186 35
compact factor- 0.8
Adjustment of values in water content and sand percentage for other
conditions

(1) Water content
(2)
aggregate (3)
(0.6-0.42)=0.18
0 -4.0
factor (0.9-0.8)=0.1
+3.0 0
4
0 -3.0
+3.0 -7.0
Required sand content as a % of total aggregate by absolute volume=35-7=28%
V=191.6 kg/m3
w/c ratio=0.42
water=191.6kg/m3
cement= 191.6/0.42=456.2 kg/m3 (>300 kg/m3)

fine aggregate:
 1-
0.02=0.98=[191.6+(456.2/3.15)+{(1/0.28)*(fa/2.58)}]/1
000
fa=464.92 kg/m3
coarse aggregate:
 0.98=[191.6+(456.2/3.15)+{(1/0.72)*(Ca/2.54)}]/1000
Ca=1176.9 kg/m3

 water=191.6 kg
cement=456.2 kg
sand=464.92 kg
 Then,ratio of actual quantities required for mix per beg of
cement,
sand=50.95 kg
water=21 leters
extra water to be added for absord by normal coarse
aggregate taking @ 0.90% by mass=(.90/100)*128.5
=1.156(+)

 quantity of water to be deducted for free moisture present in the sand,
1% by mass=(1/100)*50.95
=0.50(-)
actual quantity of water to be added=21+1.156-0.50
=21.656 liters
moisture=50.95+.50
=51.45 kg
 Actual quantity of coarse aggregate required=128.5-1.156=127.34 kg
water=21.656 leters
cement=50 kg
sand=51.45 kg
6.062:14:14.406:35.56

STONE DUST AS SAND AND PPC CEMENT FOR RECYCLED
COARSE AGGREGATE (IS 10262-1982) (MIX F)
 Cement used- PPC
 Where,
 t= a statistic, depending upon the accepted
proportion of low results and the number of tests(value
should be taken from table no.2 of IS 10262-1982)

(1) Water content
(2)
aggregate (3)
(0.6-0.42)=0.18
0 -4.0
factor (0.9-0.8)=0.1
+3.0 0
Sand conforming to zone 4 0 -3.0
+3.0 -7.0
Required sand content as a % of total aggregate by absolute volume=35-
7=28%
V=191.6 kg/m3
w/c ratio=0.42
water=191.6kg/m3
cement= 191.6/0.42=456.2 kg/m3 (>300 kg/m3)

fine aggregate:
 1-0.02=
0.98=[191.6+(456.2/3.15)+{(1/0.28)*(fa/2.58)}]/1000
fa=464.92 kg/m3
coarse aggregate:
 0.98=[191.6+(456.2/3.15)+{(1/0.72)*(Ca/2.54)}]/1000
Ca=1176.9 kg/m3

 water=191.6 kg
cement=456.2 kg
sand=464.92 kg
 Then,ratio of actual quantities required for mix per beg of
cement,
sand=50.95 kg
water=21 leters
extra water to be added for absord by recycled coarse
aggregate taking @ 8.19% by mass=(8.19/100)*128.5
=10.52(+)

 quantity of water to be deducted for free moisture present in the sand, 1% by
mass=(1/100)*50.95
=0.50(-)
actual quantity of water to be added=21+10.52-0.50
=31.01 liters
actual quantity of sand required after absorbing the free moisture=50.95+.50
=51.45 kg
 Actual quantity of recycled coarse aggregate required=128.5-10.52=117.98 kg
water=31.01leters
cement=50 kg
sand=51.45 kg
8.683:14:14.406:33.0344


RESULTS
 Compressive strength at different stages by
using natural aggregate
S NO. Concrete containing ingredients 7 days
(N/mm2)
28 days
(N/mm2)
1 MIXA 27.22 35.00
2 MIX C 27.66
3 MIX E 25.55

Compressive strength at different stages
by using recycled aggregate
S NO. Concrete containing
ingredients
7 days (N/mm2) 28 days
(N/mm2)
1 MIX B 24.88 31.61
2 MIX D 21.38
3 MIX F 20.88

CONCLUSION
 The strength of concrete using OPC with fresh coarse
aggregate in general increses slitely when the equal
proportion of river sand & stone dust are used in place of
sand.
 While the strength of concrete using PPC with fresh
coarse aggregate in general decreases when the equal
proportion of river sand & stone dust are used in place of
sand.

 The strength of concrete using OPC with
recycled coarse aggregate in general
decreases when the equal proportion of
river sand & stone dust are used in place of
sand.
 While the strength of concrete using PPC
with recycled coarse aggregate in general
decreases when the equal proportion of
river sand & stone dust are used in place of
sand.

Preeti Gangwar
SiddharthSharma
ShanuAggarwal
PrateekJhanji
SaptrishiMandal
VaibhavSrivastav
Presented By :

Presentation on Comparative study Of concrete using Recycled coarse aggregates

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